On some reasons for doubting the Riemann hypothesis

Several arguments against the truth of the Riemann hypothesis are extensively discussed. These include the Lehmer phenomenon, the Davenport-Heilbronn zeta-function, large and mean values of $|\zeta(1/2+it)|$ on the critical line, and zeros of a class of convolution functions. The first two topics are classical, and the remaining ones are connected with the author's research.Comment: 30 page

Transcendental equations satisfied by the individual zeros of Riemann ζ\zeta, Dirichlet and modular LL-functions

We consider the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann $\zeta$-function and two classes of $L$-functions; Dirichlet $L$-functions and those based on level one modular forms. We show that there are an infinite number of zeros on the critical line in one-to-one correspondence with the zeros of the cosine function, and thus enumerated by an integer $n$. From this it follows that the ordinate of the $n$-th zero satisfies a transcendental equation that depends only on $n$. Under weak assumptions, we show that the number of solutions of this equation already saturates the counting formula on the entire critical strip. We compute numerical solutions of these transcendental equations and also its asymptotic limit of large ordinate. The starting point is an explicit formula, yielding an approximate solution for the ordinates of the zeros in terms of the Lambert $W$-function. Our approach is a novel and simple method, that takes into account $\arg L$, to numerically compute non-trivial zeros of $L$-functions. The method is surprisingly accurate, fast and easy to implement. Employing these numerical solutions, in particular for the $\zeta$-function, we verify that the leading order asymptotic expansion is accurate enough to numerically support Montgomery's and Odlyzko's pair correlation conjectures, and also to reconstruct the prime number counting function. Furthermore, the numerical solutions of the exact transcendental equation can determine the ordinates of the zeros to any desired accuracy. We also study in detail Dirichlet $L$-functions and the $L$-function for the modular form based on the Ramanujan $\tau$-function, which is closely related to the bosonic string partition function.Comment: Matches the version to appear in Communications in Number Theory and Physics, based on arXiv:1407.4358 [math.NT], arXiv:1309.7019 [math.NT], and arXiv:1307.8395 [math.NT

Riemann hypothesis

This work is dedicated to the promotion of the results Hadamard, Landau E., Walvis A., Estarmann T and Paul R. Chernoff for pseudo zeta functions. The properties of zeta functions are studied, these properties can lead to new regularities of zeta functions.Comment: 10 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1605.0601

From asymptotic to closed forms for the Keiper/Li approach to the Riemann Hypothesis

The Riemann Hypothesis (RH) - that all nonreal zeros of Riemann's zeta function shall have real part 1/2 - remains a major open problem. Its most concrete equivalent is that an infinite sequence of real numbers, the Keiper--Li constants, shall be everywhere positive (Li's criterion). But those numbers are analytically elusive and strenuous to compute, hence we seek simpler variants. The essential sensitivity to RH of that sequence lies in its asymptotic tail; then, retaining this feature, we can modify the Keiper--Li scheme to obtain a new sequence in elementary closed form. This makes for a more explicit analysis, with easier and faster computations. We can moreover show how the new sequence will signal RH-violating zeros if any, by observing its analogs for the Davenport--Heilbronn counterexamples to RH.Comment: 16 p., 7 figs. Workshop for Prof. Yoshitsugu TAKEI's 60-th birthday, RIMS, Kyoto Univ., Oct. 202