270 research outputs found

    Intersektionale Medienanalyse : Anregungen fĂĽr eine emanzipatorische Medienbildung

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    Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt potenzielle Ansatzpunkte einer intersektionalen Medien-analyse. Hierfür werden mediengeschichtliche, sozialisationstheoretische, psychologische, medienpädagogische, analytische sowie gesellschaftstheoretische Aspekte herangezogen und diese, gerichtet auf das Ziel einer emanzipatorischen Medienbildung, miteinander in Beziehung gesetzt. Diese Auseinandersetzung liefert den theoretischen Rahmen einer inter-sektionalen Medienanalyse. Weiter erfolgt durch exemplarische Betrachtungen und Analy-sen medialer Artefakte, die Veranschaulichung des analytischen Potenzials von Medien, die Erprobung der Analyse selbst sowie das Herstellen von Bezügen und Anknüpfungspunkten hinsichtlich der Anwendbarkeit einer intersektionalen Medienanalyse in Bildungskontexten

    The Effects of Displayed Violence and Game Speed in First-Person Shooters on Physiological Arousal and Aggressive Behavior

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    Many studies have been conducted to examine the effects of displayed violence in digital games on outcomes like aggressive behavior and physiological arousal. However, they often lack a proper manipulation of the relevant factors and control of confounding variables. In this study, the displayed violence and game speed of a recent first-person shooter game were varied systematically using the technique of modding, so that effects could be explained properly by the respective manipulations. Aggressive behavior was measured with the standardized version of the Competitive Reaction Time Task or CRTT (Ferguson et al., 2008}. Physiological arousal was operationalized with four measurements: galvanic skin response (GSR), heart rate (HR), body movement, force on mouse and keyboard. A total of N = 87 participants played in one of four game conditions (low- vs. high-violence, normal- vs. high speed) while physiological measurements were taken with finger clips, force sensors on input devices (mouse and keyboard), and a Nintendo Wii balance board on the chair they sat on. After play, their aggressive behavior was measured with the CRTT. The results of the study do not support the hypothesis that playing digital games increases aggressive behavior. There were no significant differences in GSR and HR, but with a higher game speed, participants showed less overall body movement, most likely to meet the game’s higher demands on cognitive and motor capacities. Also, higher game speed and displayed violence caused an increase in applied force on mouse and keyboard. Previous experience with digital games did not moderate any of these findings. Moreover, it provides further evidence that the CRTT should only be used in a standardized way as a measurement for aggression, if at all. Using all 7 different published (though not validated) ways to calculate levels of aggression from the raw data, “evidence” was found that playing a violent digital game increases, decreases, or does not change aggression at all. Thus, the present study does extend previous research. Firstly, it shows the methodological advantages of modding in digital game research to accomplish the principles of psychological (laboratory) experiments by manipulating relevant variables and controlling all others. It also demonstrates the test-theoretical problems of the highly diverse use of the CRTT. It provides evidence that for a meaningful interpretation of effects of displayed violence in digital games, there are other game characteristics that should be controlled for since they might have an effect on relevant outcome variables. Further research needs to identify more of those game features, and it should also improve the understanding of the different measures for physiological arousal and their interrelatedness

    [Rezension von: Irene Ziehle & Ulrich Hägele (Hrsg.) (2004). Fotografien vom Alltag – Fotografieren als Alltag]: [(Reihe: Visuelle Kultur: Studien und Materialien Bd. 1). Münster: Lit Taschenbuch, 331 Seiten, ISBN 3-8258-7159-2. 29,90 EUR.]

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    Der Sammelband befasst sich mit der Bedeutung der (Alltags-) Fotografie für die Volkskunde und Kulturwissenschaft, wobei einerseits das Foto als Forschungsobjekt und andererseits das Fotografieren als Forschungsmethode wissenschaftstheoretisch in den Blick genommen werden. Einige Beiträge beschreiben ausgewählte Arbeitsverfahren, beispielsweise im Zusammenhang mit der Archivierung oder sinnrekonstruierender Interpretation von Alltagsfotos. Im Mittelpunkt stehen Beiträge, die Fotopraxen im Alltag thematisieren (z.B. die Arbeit von Fotoateliers im Warenhaus oder Sanatorium) sowie Ergebnisse von Fotoanalysen präsentieren (z.B. familiäre Fotoalben, Fotosammlungen von Betrieben oder Fotoeinsendungen von Zeitschriftenlesenden). Der Sammelband liefert als Tagungsdokumentation insgesamt 21 spannende, allerdings relativ heterogene Beiträge und hätte von einer stärkeren Strukturierung profitiert. Der Fokus liegt auf dem 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Eine ausreichende Illustrierung der Texte ist in der Regel gewährleistet. Die Brücke zum Zeitalter der Digitalfotografie schlägt dieser erste Band einer Buchreihe zur visuellen Kultur noch nicht.The reader looks at the meaning of (everyday) photographs for ethnography and cultural studies. It deals with the methodological implications of both the photograph as a research object and the taking of photographs as a research method. Some contributions describe selected methods—for example, photo archiving or photo interpretation. Most chapters reconstruct photo practices in everyday life (i.e. the work of photo studios in department stores or sanatoriums) or present the results of photo analyses (e.g., family photo albums, photo collections of companies, or photo contributions of magazine readers). The book covers a whole conference and delivers 21 exciting, but fairly heterogeneous chapters; it would have benefited from a tighter structure. The focus is on the 20th and 19th centuries and ample photo material is provided. One thing this book, the first volume of a series on visual culture, does not do is build a bridge to the era of digital photography

    A theory of planned media choice

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    Science Slams as Edutainment: A Reception Study

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    Science slams are a prominent form of science communication especially in Germany that seeks to entertain. While some view science slams as an excellent vehicle for disseminating knowledge, others argue that the imperative to entertain undermines the scientific value of this form of presentation. Drawing on empirical data from three science slam events, this explorative study examines how audiences and presenters perceive the science slam, particularly as it relates to entertainment and the communication of scientific knowledge. Our multi-method analysis includes audience surveys (n = 469), an eye-tracking study, and interviews with science slammers (n = 18). Our results show that the main reason audiences attend a science slam is for entertainment, yet they also have a strong interest in scientific content. Assessing the slammers’ aspirations concerning the audience, we find entertainment to be an important part, but the motivation to impart scientific knowledge is key for most. When asked to evaluate individual presentations (n = 20), spectators tended to rate both the entertainment and scientific value of the presentations as high. However, in terms of visual attention within individual presentations, spectators spent more time considering scientific content than entertainment content. Overall, we do not find evidence for the common claim that the focus on entertainment undermines the scientific value of science slam presentations—rather, entertainment and scientific content are combined to produce “edutainment” in a positive sense

    Science Slams as Edutainment: A Reception Study

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    Science slams are a prominent form of science communication especially in Germany that seeks to entertain. While some view science slams as an excellent vehicle for disseminating knowledge, others argue that the imperative to entertain undermines the scientific value of this form of presentation. Drawing on empirical data from three science slam events, this explorative study examines how audiences and presenters perceive the science slam, particularly as it relates to entertainment and the communication of scientific knowledge. Our multi-method analysis includes audience surveys (n = 469), an eye-tracking study, and interviews with science slammers (n = 18). Our results show that the main reason audiences attend a science slam is for entertainment, yet they also have a strong interest in scientific content. Assessing the slammers’ aspirations concerning the audience, we find entertainment to be an important part, but the motivation to impart scientific knowledge is key for most. When asked to evaluate individual presentations (n = 20), spectators tended to rate both the entertainment and scientific value of the presentations as high. However, in terms of visual attention within individual presentations, spectators spent more time considering scientific content than entertainment content. Overall, we do not find evidence for the common claim that the focus on entertainment undermines the scientific value of science slam presentations—rather, entertainment and scientific content are combined to produce “edutainment” in a positive sense

    Evaluation von E-Learning: Checklisten, Kriterienkataloge oder Evaluationskonzepte? Zum Stand der Bewertungsverfahren fĂĽr E-Learning-Arrangements

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    Qualität in Bildungsmaßnahmen - als Legitimation oder aus wissenschaftlichem Interesse - ist ein Thema von hoher Bedeutung, auch - und gerade - im E-Learning. E-Learning, als eine noch relativ junge, nicht völlig etablierte, aber - so stellt sich immer häufiger heraus – kostenintensive Bildungsform, muss sich immer wieder der kritischen Frage nach der Qualität stellen, zumeist assoziiert mit Lernerfolg. Vielfältige Instrumente, um die Qualität zu überprüfen oder zu entwickeln, begleitend oder im Nachhinein, sind bislang konzipiert worden (vgl. Ehlers/Pawlowski/Goertz 2003). Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zum derzeitigen Stand der Dinge in Bezug auf zwei dieser Verfahrensweisen: zum einen geht es dabei um die Beurteilungen anhand von Kriterienkatalogen bzw. Checklisten und zum anderen um Evaluationsverfahren. Obwohl vielfach bereits umfassendere Managementsysteme zum Einsatz kommen, die die Qualität bei Anbietern kontinuierlich verbessern sollen, haben beide Verfahren eine steigende Bedeutung - da auch Managementverfahren immer wieder auf Kriterien oder Evaluationsverfahren zurückgreifen
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