Comparative Statics of the Weak Axiom

This paper examines the comparative statics of Walrasian economies with excess demand functions which obey the weak axiom. We show that in these economies there is a precise sense in which goods that are in excess supply (demand) after some perturbation will experience a fall (rise) in its price. We apply this to an exchange economy with additive utility functions, which can be interpreted as a financial economy with von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions. We show that when the subjective probabilities which agents attribute to a particular state falls, so will the price of consumption in that state. Another interesting issue is the impact of changes to the endowment on the equilibrium price. We develop conditions under which, for an exchange economy, this equilibrium map - from endowment to equilibrium price - will obey the weak axiom and another stronger, monotonicity property.

Mechanism of rhabdophane-(La) and lanthanite-(La) formation during reduction of bioavailabe nutrients in water based on sem and XRD study

This study presents results of SEM and XRD investigation of products formed after La-rich bentonite application into water containing PO4 3- and CO3 2- ions. The main product of the investigated reaction with phosphate and carbonate anions is rabdophane-(La) and lanthanite-(La), respectively. Studied material has adaptation in many water reservoirs only for phosphorus ions reduction. Further studies might find application in case of reduction others hazardous ions. They could be precipitated in the same fast and effective way, to other stable, nontoxic mineral phases

Potential output and the recent productivity decline

Gross national product ; Productivity

Improved carrier injection of AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes with graded superlattice electron blocking layers

A DUV-LED with a graded superlattice electron blocking layer (GSL-EBL) is demonstrated to show improved carrier injection into the multi-quantum well region. The structures of modified EBLs are designed via simulation. The simulation results show the carrier behavior mechanism of DUV-LEDs with a single EBL (S-EBL), graded EBL (G-EBL), and GSL-EBL. The variation in the energy band diagram around the EBL region indicates that the introduction of GSL-EBL is very effective in enhancing carrier injection. Besides, all DUV-LEDs emitting at 280 nm are grown in the high temperature metal organic chemical deposition system. It is confirmed that the optical power of the DUV-LED with the GSL-EBL is significantly higher than that of the DUV-LED with the S-EBL and G-EBL

A Study of Cutter Number Adjustment at the Ohio State University Libraries

"The authors conducted a study of cuttering practice at Ohio State University Libraries to determine the extent of effort presently devoted to the practice and to suggest changes that would result in less work without adversely affecting the public. They determined that there would be little deleterious effect if cuttering were limited to classes M, N, and P, while the effort involved would be halved.

Encoding and decoding of several optimal rank metric codes

This paper presents encoding and decoding algorithms for several families of optimal rank metric codes whose codes are in restricted forms of symmetric, alternating and Hermitian matrices. First, we show the evaluation encoding is the right choice for these codes and then we provide easily reversible encoding methods for each family. Later unique decoding algorithms for the codes are described. The decoding algorithms are interpolation-based and can uniquely correct errors for each code with rank up to ⌊(d − 1)/2⌋ in polynomial-time, where d is the minimum distance of the code.publishedVersio

An experimental study of pressures on 60 deg Delta wings with leading edge vortex flaps

An experimental study was conducted in the Virginia Tech Stability Wind Tunnel to determine surface pressures over a 60 deg sweep delta wing with three vortex flap designs. Extensive pressure data was collected to provide a base data set for comparison with computational design codes and to allow a better understanding of the flow over vortex flaps. The results indicated that vortex flaps can be designed which will contain the leading edge vortex with no spillage onto the wing upper surface. However, the tests also showed that flaps designed without accounting for flap thickness will not be optimum and the result can be oversized flaps, early flap vortex reattachment and a second separation and vortex at the wing/flap hinge line

A Statistical Test for Identifying the Number of Creep Regimes When Using the Wilshire Equations for Creep Property Predictions

A new parametric approach, termed the Wilshire equations, offers the realistic potential of being able to accurately lift materials operating at in-service conditions from accelerated test results lasting no more than 5000 hours. The success of this approach can be attributed to a well-defined linear relationship that appears to exist between various creep properties and a log transformation of the normalized stress. However, these linear trends are subject to discontinuities, the number of which appears to differ from material to material. These discontinuities have until now been (1) treated as abrupt in nature and (2) identified by eye from an inspection of simple graphical plots of the data. This article puts forward a statistical test for determining the correct number of discontinuities present within a creep data set and a method for allowing these discontinuities to occur more gradually, so that the methodology is more in line with the accepted view as to how creep mechanisms evolve with changing test conditions. These two developments are fully illustrated using creep data sets on two steel alloys. When these new procedures are applied to these steel alloys, not only do they produce more accurate and realistic looking long-term predictions of the minimum creep rate, but they also lead to different conclusions about the mechanisms determining the rates of creep from those originally put forward by Wilshire

Slave Prices and the South Carolina Economy, 1722–1809

Based on data from probate inventories we construct and analyze an annual time series of slave prices for South Carolina from 1722 to 1809. Comparison of South Carolina slave prices with those in other parts of the Western Hemisphere and the relationship between slave prices and slave imports indicate that while the long-run supply of slaves was highly elastic, over periods of one to two decades the supply curve was upward sloping. Comparison of our slave price series with an index of agricultural export prices indicates that labor productivity growth in agriculture was modest over the eighteenth century