Yin Yang Bipolar Atom - An Eastern Road toward Quantum Gravity

Based on bipolar dynamic logic and bipolar quantum linear algebra, a causal theory of YinYang bipolar atom is introduced in a completely background independent geometry that transcends spacetime. The causal theory leads to an equilibrium-based super symmetrical quantum cosmology of negative-positive energies. It is contended that the new theory has opened an Eastern road toward quantum gravity with bipolar logical unifications of particle and wave, matter and antimatter, relativity and quantum entanglement. Information recovery after a black hole is discussed. It is shown that not only can the new theory be applied in physical worlds but also in logical, mental, social and biological worlds. Falsifiability of the theory is discussed

Causality Is Logically Definable-Toward an Equilibrium-Based Computing Paradigm of Quantum Agents and Quantum Intelligence (QAQI)

A survey on agents, causality and intelligence is presented and an equilibrium-based computing paradigm of quantum agents and quantum intelligence (QAQI) is proposed. In the survey, Aristotle’s causality principle and its historical extensions by David Hume, Bertrand Russell, Lotfi Zadeh, Donald Rubin, Judea Pearl, Niels Bohr, Albert Einstein, David Bohm, and the causal set initiative are reviewed; bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) is introduced as a causal logic for bipolar inductive and deductive reasoning; bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) is introduced as a causal algebra for quantum agent interaction and formation. Despite the widely held view that causality is undefinable with regularity, it is shown that equilibrium-based bipolar causality is logically definable using BDL and BQLA for causal inference in physical, social, biological, mental, and philosophical terms. This finding leads to the paradigm of QAQI where agents are modeled as quantum ensembles; intelligence is revealed as quantum intelligence. It is shown that the ensembles formation, mutation and interaction of agents can be described as direct or indirect results of quantum causality. Some fundamental laws of causation are presented for quantum agent entanglement and quantum intelligence. Applicability is illustrated; major challenges are identified in equilibrium based causal inference and quantum data mining

Revealing the Ubiquitous Effects of Quantum Entanglement-Toward a Notion of God Logic

Following Spinoza-Einstein’s interpretation of God or nature, the notion “God Logic” is proposed. This notion is to serve as an elicitation for a consistent set of necessary criteria for: 1) developing the logical foundation of quantum gravity as envisaged by Einstein, 2) revealing the ubiquitous effects of quantum entanglement as suggested by Roger Penrose, and 3) programming the universe as proposed by Seth Lloyd. An evolving set of eleven criteria is proposed for the notion. The possibility of inventing such a logical system is analyzed. A supersymmetrical candidate logic of negative-positive energy dynamic equilibrium is introduced and assessed against the set of criteria. It is shown that the first 10 criteria are met or partially met by the candidate. But the question whether the 11th criterion has been or can be met is left open for discussion and further research effort. The assessment leads to a few predictions. Notably, it is predicted that, should Boson-Fermion symmetry or broken symmetry be observed, it would be caused by bipolar symmetry or broken symmetry of negative-positive energies

Bipolar Quantum Logic Gates and Quantum Cellular Combinatorics – A Logical Extension to Quantum Entanglement

Based on bipolar dynamic logic (BDL) and bipolar quantum linear algebra (BQLA) this work introduces bipolar quantum logic gates and quantum cellular combinatorics with a logical interpretation to quantum entanglement. It is shown that: 1) BDL leads to logically definable causality and generic particle-antiparticle bipolar quantum entanglement; 2) BQLA makes composite atom-atom bipolar quantum entanglement reachable. Certain logical equivalence is identified between the new interpretation and established ones. A logical reversibility theorem is presented for ubiquitous quantum computing. Physical reversibility is briefly discussed. It is shown that a bipolar matrix can be either a modular generalization of a quantum logic gate matrix or a cellular connectivity matrix. Based on this observation, a scalable graph theory of quantum cellular combinatorics is proposed. It is contended that this work constitutes an equilibrium-based logical extension to Bohr’s particle-wave complementarity principle, Bohm’s wave function and Bell’s theorem. In the meantime, it is suggested that the result may also serve as a resolution, rather than a falsification, to the EPR paradox and, therefore, a equilibrium-based logical unification of local realism and quantum non-locality

Beyond Spacetime Geometry – The Death of Philosophy and Its Quantum Reincarnation

Contrary to the “end” and “death” assertions on philosophy, this paper predicts an equilibrium-based and harmony-centered scientific reincarnation of philosophy. Logically, the reincarnation is backed by a formal system and a background independent geometry that transcends spacetime. Physically, it is supported by definable quantum causality and bipolar logical unifications of matter and antimatter, particle and wave, big bang and black hole, relativity and quantum entanglement. Philosophically, it is distinguished from Western metaphysics and dialectics as well as the Dao of Laozi. It is named a quantum reincarnation for its central claim that YinYang bipolar quantum entanglement is the source of causality for the Being of beings following the 2nd law of thermodynamics. Thus, it presents a modest unification of science and philosophy for their reciprocal interaction (Note: Equilibrium subsumes non-equilibrium and quasi—equilibrium as local non-equilibriums can form global equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium)

G-CPT Symmetry of Quantum Emergence and Submergence -- An Information Conservational Multiagent Cellular Automata Unification of CPT Symmetry and CP Violation for Equilibrium-Based Many-World Causal Analysis of Quantum Coherence and Decoherence

An equilibrium-based YinYang bipolar dynamic Generalization of CPT (G -CPT) symmetry is introduced based on energy/information conservational quantum emergence-submergence. As a bottleneck of quantum computing, quantum decoherence or collapse has been plaguing quantum mechanics for decades. It is suggested that the crux of the problem can trace its origin back to the incompleteness of CPT symmetry due to the lack of holistic representation for equilibrium-based bipolar coexistence. In this work, the notion of quantum emergence-submergence is coined as two opposite processes with bipolar energy/information conservation. The new notion leads to G-CPT symmetry supported by a Bipolar Quantum Cellular Automata (BQCA) interpretation of quantum mechanics. It is shown that the new interpretation further leads to the unification of electromagnetic particle- antiparticle bipolarity and gravitational action-reaction bipolarity as well as CPT symmetry and CP violation into a philosophically, geometrically and logically different quantum gravity theory. On one hand, G -CPT symmetry enables a Bipolar Quantum Agent (BQA) to emerge as a bipolar quantum superposition or entanglement coupled to a globally coherent BQCA; on the other hand, G -CP violation supports a causal theory of BQA submergence or decoupling from the global coherence. In turn, BQAs can submerge from one world but emerge in another within YinYang bipolar quantum geometry. It is suggested t hat all logical, physical, social, biological and mental worlds are bipolar quantum entangled under G -CPT symmetry. It is contended that G -CPT symmetry constitutes an analytical paradigm of quantum mechanics and quantum gravity— a fundamental departure from “what goes around comes around ”. The new paradigm leads to a number of predictions and challenges

New Challenges in Neutrosophic Theory and Applications

Neutrosophic theory has representatives on all continents and, therefore, it can be said to be a universal theory. On the other hand, according to the three volumes of “The Encyclopedia of Neutrosophic Researchers” (2016, 2018, 2019), plus numerous others not yet included in Encyclopedia book series, about 1200 researchers from 73 countries have applied both the neutrosophic theory and method. Neutrosophic theory was founded by Professor Florentin Smarandache in 1998; it constitutes further generalization of fuzzy and intuitionistic fuzzy theories. The key distinction between the neutrosophic set/logic and other types of sets/logics lies in the introduction of the degree of indeterminacy/neutrality (I) as an independent component in the neutrosophic set. Thus, neutrosophic theory involves the degree of membership-truth (T), the degree of indeterminacy (I), and the degree of non-membership-falsehood (F). In recent years, the field of neutrosophic set, logic, measure, probability and statistics, precalculus and calculus, etc., and their applications in multiple fields have been extended and applied in various fields, such as communication, management, and information technology. We believe that this book serves as useful guidance for learning about the current progress in neutrosophic theories. In total, 22 studies have been presented and reflect the call of the thematic vision. The contents of each study included in the volume are briefly described as follows. The first contribution, authored by Wadei Al-Omeri and Saeid Jafari, addresses the concept of generalized neutrosophic pre-closed sets and generalized neutrosophic pre-open sets in neutrosophic topological spaces. In the article “Design of Fuzzy Sampling Plan Using the Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution”, the authors Muhammad Zahir Khan, Muhammad Farid Khan, Muhammad Aslam, and Abdur Razzaque Mughal discuss the use of probability distribution function of Birnbaum–Saunders distribution as a proportion of defective items and the acceptance probability in a fuzzy environment. Further, the authors Derya Bakbak, Vakkas Uluc¸ay, and Memet S¸ahin present the “Neutrosophic Soft Expert Multiset and Their Application to Multiple Criteria Decision Making” together with several operations defined for them and their important algebraic properties. In “Neutrosophic Multigroups and Applications”, Vakkas Uluc¸ay and Memet S¸ahin propose an algebraic structure on neutrosophic multisets called neutrosophic multigroups, deriving their basic properties and giving some applications to group theory. Changxing Fan, Jun Ye, Sheng Feng, En Fan, and Keli Hu introduce the “Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Method Using Heronian Mean Operators under a Bipolar Neutrosophic Environment” and test the effectiveness of their new methods. Another decision-making study upon an everyday life issue which empowered us to organize the key objective of the industry developing is given in “Neutrosophic Cubic Einstein Hybrid Geometric Aggregation Operators with Application in Prioritization Using Multiple Attribute Decision-Making Method” written by Khaleed Alhazaymeh, Muhammad Gulistan, Majid Khan, and Seifedine Kadry

YINYANG BIPOLAR LATTICES AND L-SETS FOR BIPOLAR KNOWLEDGE FUSION, VISUALIZATION, AND DECISION

YinYang bipolar sets, bipolar lattice, bipolar L-crisp sets, and Bipolar L-fuzzy sets are presented for bipolar information/knowledge fusion, visualization, and decision. First, a bipolar lattice B is defined as a 4-tuple (B, ⊕, &, ⊗) in which every pair of elements has a bipolar lub (blub ⊕), a bipolar glb (bglb &), and a cross-pole glb (cglb ⊗). A bipolar L-set (crisp or fuzzy) B = (B-, B+) in X to a bipolar lattice BL is defined as a bipolar equilibrium function or mapping B : X ⇒ BL. A strict bipolar lattice B is defined as a 7-tuple (B, ≡, ⊕, ⊗, &, -, ¬, ⇒) that delegates a class of isomorphic bounded and complemented bipolar lattices. A refined and generalized 9-set axiomatization is presented on a class of strict bipolar lattices. The notions of bipolar L-relations and equilibrium relations are introduced as bipolar L-sets. Remarkably, YinYang bipolar L-sets lead to a bipolar universal modus ponens (BUMP) which presents a unified non-linear bipolar generalization of classical modus ponens and builds a bridge from a linear, static, and closed world to a non-linear, dynamic, and open world of equilibria, quasi-equilibria, and non-equilibria for bipolar information/knowledge fusion, visualization, and decision. A number of potential applications are outlined.YinYang Bipolar Equilibria, bipolar lattice, bipolar L-crisp sets, bipolar L-fuzzy sets, Bipolar Dynamic Modus Ponens (BDMP), Bipolar Universal Modus Ponens (BUMP), Bipolar L-relations, Bipolar L-equilibrium relations, Information/knowledge fusion, Visualization, decision and coordination

YinYang Bipolar Lattices and L-sets for Bipolar Knowledge Fusion, Visualization, and Decision

YinYang bipolar sets, bipolar lattice, bipolar L-crisp sets, and Bipolar L-fuzzy sets are presented for bipolar information/knowledge fusion, visualization, and decision. First, a bipolar lattice B is defined as a 4-tuple (B, ⊕, &, ⊗) in which every pair of elements has a bipolar lub (blub ⊕), a bipolar glb (bglb &), and a cross-pole glb (cglb ⊗). A bipolar L-set (crisp or fuzzy) B = (B-, B+) in X to a bipolar lattice BL is defined as a bipolar equilibrium function or mapping B : X ⇒ BL. A strict bipolar lattice B is defined as a 7-tuple (B, ≡, ⊕, ⊗, &, -, ¬, ⇒) that delegates a class of isomorphic bounded and complemented bipolar lattices. A refined and generalized 9-set axiomatization is presented on a class of strict bipolar lattices. The notions of bipolar L-relations and equilibrium relations are introduced as bipolar L-sets. Remarkably, YinYang bipolar L-sets lead to a bipolar universal modus ponens (BUMP) which presents a unified non-linear bipolar generalization of classical modus ponens and builds a bridge from a linear, static, and closed world to a non-linear, dynamic, and open world of equilibria, quasi-equilibria, and non-equilibria for bipolar information/knowledge fusion, visualization, and decision. A number of potential applications are outlined

Collected Papers (on various scientific topics), Volume XII

This twelfth volume of Collected Papers includes 86 papers comprising 976 pages on Neutrosophics Theory and Applications, published between 2013-2021 in the international journal and book series “Neutrosophic Sets and Systems” by the author alone or in collaboration with the following 112 co-authors (alphabetically ordered) from 21 countries: Abdel Nasser H. Zaied, Muhammad Akram, Bobin Albert, S. A. Alblowi, S. Anitha, Guennoun Asmae, Assia Bakali, Ayman M. Manie, Abdul Sami Awan, Azeddine Elhassouny, Erick González-Caballero, D. Dafik, Mithun Datta, Arindam Dey, Mamouni Dhar, Christopher Dyer, Nur Ain Ebas, Mohamed Eisa, Ahmed K. Essa, Faruk Karaaslan, João Alcione Sganderla Figueiredo, Jorge Fernando Goyes García, N. Ramila Gandhi, Sudipta Gayen, Gustavo Alvarez Gómez, Sharon Dinarza Álvarez Gómez, Haitham A. El-Ghareeb, Hamiden Abd El-Wahed Khalifa, Masooma Raza Hashmi, Ibrahim M. Hezam, German Acurio Hidalgo, Le Hoang Son, R. Jahir Hussain, S. Satham Hussain, Ali Hussein Mahmood Al-Obaidi, Hays Hatem Imran, Nabeela Ishfaq, Saeid Jafari, R. Jansi, V. Jeyanthi, M. Jeyaraman, Sripati Jha, Jun Ye, W.B. Vasantha Kandasamy, Abdullah Kargın, J. Kavikumar, Kawther Fawzi Hamza Alhasan, Huda E. Khalid, Neha Andalleb Khalid, Mohsin Khalid, Madad Khan, D. Koley, Valeri Kroumov, Manoranjan Kumar Singh, Pavan Kumar, Prem Kumar Singh, Ranjan Kumar, Malayalan Lathamaheswari, A.N. Mangayarkkarasi, Carlos Rosero Martínez, Marvelio Alfaro Matos, Mai Mohamed, Nivetha Martin, Mohamed Abdel-Basset, Mohamed Talea, K. Mohana, Muhammad Irfan Ahamad, Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Saqlain, Muhammad Shabir, Muhammad Zeeshan, Anjan Mukherjee, Mumtaz Ali, Deivanayagampillai Nagarajan, Iqra Nawaz, Munazza Naz, Roan Thi Ngan, Necati Olgun, Rodolfo González Ortega, P. Pandiammal, I. Pradeepa, R. Princy, Marcos David Oviedo Rodríguez, Jesús Estupiñán Ricardo, A. Rohini, Sabu Sebastian, Abhijit Saha, Mehmet Șahin, Said Broumi, Saima Anis, A.A. Salama, Ganeshsree Selvachandran, Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah, Sajana Shaik, Soufiane Idbrahim, S. Sowndrarajan, Mohamed Talea, Ruipu Tan, Chalapathi Tekuri, Selçuk Topal, S. P. Tiwari, Vakkas Uluçay, Maikel Leyva Vázquez, Chinnadurai Veerappan, M. Venkatachalam, Luige Vlădăreanu, Ştefan Vlăduţescu, Young Bae Jun, Wadei F. Al-Omeri, Xiao Long Xin.‬‬‬‬‬