112 research outputs found

    coupling of a redundant manipulator with a virtual reality environment to enhance human robot cooperation

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    Abstract The current trend in manufacturing is to obtain a flexible work cell in which human and robot can safely interact and collaborate. Virtual Reality (VR) represents an effective tool capable of simulating such complex systems with a high level of immersion. In order to take advantage of VR technologies to study Human-Robot Cooperation (HRC), a digital model of a redundant manipulator (KUKA LBR iiwa) has been developed starting with kinematic modeling and then coupled with the real robot. This approach allows simulating HRC in several scenarios, to reproduce the safe behavior on the real robot, as well as to train operators

    Continuum Surrogate Software Interface for Teleoperation of Continuum Robots

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    This thesis presents a novel teleoperation interface for continuum robots. Previous tele-operation interface methods for continuum robots did not include a natural mapping due to a degree-of-freedom mismatch, using non continuum input devices with fewer degrees-of-freedom than the robot that was being controlled. The approach introduced in this thesis involves creating a 3D model of the robot using graphics libraries and a continuum kinematic model, then manipulating that graphical 3D model on screen to directly control the continuum robot. This thesis details the development of both the model and software. The teleoperation interface was developed specifi-cally for a nine degree-of-freedom pneumatically-driven extensible continuum robot (OctArm), but it applies to any continuum robot with an arbitrary number of sections due to its modular design. Experiments using the aforementioned system on two different continuum robots are reported and areas for future work and improvement are detailed

    A tool for defining models of generic mobile machines

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    Tässä työssä esitellään mielivaltaisten liikkuvien työkoneiden nopeaan ja helppoon määrittelyyn tarkoitettu ohjelmisto. Käyttäjä määrittelee työkoneen yksinkertaisen, intuitiivisen 3D-käyttöliittymän avulla. Työkoneen määritelmän perusteella generoidaan sen kinemaattinen malli. Kinemaattisissa laskuissa käytetään uusimpia tutkimustuloksia erilaisten ajoneuvojen kinematiikasta. Generoiduilla kinemaattisilla malleilla voidaan simuloida mielivaltaisia konekonfiguraatioita erillisessä simulaattorimoduulissa, joka luotiin osana tätä työtä. Simulaattori tukee yleisimpiä teollisuudessa käytettyjä liikkuvia konetyyppejä, kuten automaisia, telaketjullisia, runkonivellettyjä tai passiivisesti yhdistettyjä koneita. Simuloidut ajoneuvot voivat myös yhdistellä eri konetyyppejä. Ohjelmistolla generoiduilla kinemaattisilla malleilla simuloidaan erilaisia tosimaailman ajoneuvokonfiguraatioita. Simulaatiotuloksia verrataan oikeista koneista saatuun dataan. Mallien havaitaan olevan tarkkoja ja sopivia erilaisiin tarkoituksiin, jotka vaativat ajoneuvon kinemaattisen mallin.In this thesis work, a software tool for quickly and easily defining a mobile vehicle is presented. Vehicles are defined through a simple, intuitive 3D graphical user interface. Based on the vehicle definition, a kinematic model is generated for the vehicle. The kinematics calculations use state-of-the-art knowledge on the kinematics of different vehicle types. The generated kinematic models can be used in a separate simulator module, also created for this thesis work, to simulate arbitrary vehicle configurations. Supported vehicle types include the most common mobile industrial vehicles, such as car-like, tracked, center-articulated or passively linked vehicles. Simulated vehicles can also be combinations of these types. Kinematic models generated with this software are tested against data sets gained from different real-world vehicle configurations. The models are found to be accurate and suitable for various purposes requiring a kinematic model of a vehicle

    Simulación de prótesis transradial haciendo uso de Entorno de Realidad Virtual y señales de electrooculografía (EOG) para terapia de agarre

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    This article shows the development of an application based on a virtual environment for the area of rehabilitation engineering, providing a new form of validation on prosthetic models, allowing its use in people with transradial amputation and requiring grip therapy in their treatment from 3 types of geometric shapes (cylinder, rectangular prism, sphere), as defined in grasping power objects, using electrooculography signals (EOG).En el presente artículo se muestra el desarrollo de una aplicación basado en un entorno virtual para el área de ingeniería de rehabilitación, proporcionando una nueva forma de validación sobre modelos protésicos, permitiendo su uso en personas con amputación transradial y que requieren terapia de agarre en su tratamiento a partir de 3 tipos de formas geométricas (cilindro, prisma rectangular, esfera), de acuerdo a lo definido en prensión de objetos de poder, haciendo uso de señales de electrooculografía (EOG)

    Control System Development and Technological Investigation for a Climbing Robot in Offshore platforms

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    Denne oppgaven går gjennom forskjellige type teknologier for å utvikle en mobil offshore klatre robot

    An application of physical flexibility and software reconfigurability for the automation of battery module assembly

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    Batteries are a strategic technology to decarbonize conventional automotive powertrains and enable energy policy turnaround from fossil fuels to renewable energy. The demand for battery packs is rising, but they remain unable to compete with conventional technologies, primarily due to higher costs. Major sources of cost remain in manufacturing and assembly. These costs can be attributed to a need for high product quality, material handling complexity, uncertain and fluctuating production volumes, and an unpredictable breadth of product variants. This research paper applies the paradigms of flexibility from a mechanical engineering perspective, and reconfigurability from a software perspective to form a holistic, integrated manufacturing solution to better realize product variants. This allows manufacturers to de-risk investment as there is increased confidence that a facility can meet new requirements with reduced effort, and also shows how part of the vision of Industry 4.0 associated with the integration and exploitation of data can be fulfilled. A functional decomposition of battery packs is used to develop a foundational understanding of how changes in customer requirements can result in physical product changes. A Product, Process, and Resource (PPR) methodology is employed to link physical product characteristics to physical and logical characteristics of resources. This mapping is leveraged to enable the design of a gripper with focused flexibility by the Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb) at the Technical University of Munich, as it is acknowledged that mechanical changes are challenging to realize within industrial manufacturing facilities. Reconfigurability is realised through exploitation of data integration across the PPR domains, through the extension of the capabilities of a non-commercial virtual engineering toolset developed by the Automation Systems Group at the University of Warwick. The work shows an “end-to-end” approach that practically demonstrates the application of the flexibility and reconfigurability paradigms within an industrial engineering context

    Modeling and Simulation of the Humanoid Robot HOAP-3 in the OpenHRP3 Platform

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    The aim of this work is to model and simulate the humanoid robot HOAP-3 in the OpenHRP3 platform. Our purpose is to create a virtual model of the robot so that different motions and tasks can be tested in different environments. This will be the first step before testing the motion patterns in the real HOAP-3. We use the OpenHRP3 platform for the creation and validation of the robot model and tasks. The procedure followed to reach this goal is detailed in this article. In order to validate our experience, different walking motions are tested and the simulation results are compared with the experimental ones.This work has been supported by the Comunidad de Madrid Project S2009/DPI-1559/ROBOCITY2030 II, the CYCIT Project PI2004-00325 and the European Project Robot@CWE FP6-2005-IST-5

    Robot kinematics: applications in virtual reality based pedagogy and sensor calibration

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    Conventions exist to describe the kinematics of a robot concisely, providing information about both its form and pose (position and orientation). Although mathematically convenient, the physical correlation between the parameters of these conventions and the robot that they represent is not necessarily intuitively obvious. Those who are new to the field of robotics may find it especially difficult to visualize these relationships. After presenting relevant background information on kinematics, robotics, virtual reality, and inertial sensors, this thesis investigates the effectiveness of using desktop virtual reality tools to help university-level students with the visualization of fundamental concepts in robot kinematics. Specifically, it examines how the new “Rotation Tool” assists students in the visualization of fixed and mobile frame compound rotations while verifying their non-commutative nature. It also explains how the new “Build-A-Robot” aids students in identifying the role that each of the Denavit-Hartenberg parameters plays in the description of the position and orientation of a serial manipulator’s component links. To enable flexible, real-time user interaction, Build-A-Robot employed a novel approach wherein MATLAB was used to directly manipulate the fundamental geometry of Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) objects. Survey feedback and examination results are presented which indicate the students’ increased understanding that resulted after using both of these tools. This improvement was especially apparent among students who struggled to understand the concepts when traditional teaching methods alone were used. Tolerances in the manufacturing and assembly of robot arms introduce errors to the nominal kinematic models specified by manufacturers. This thesis also considers the impact of non-ideal kinematic parameters on the motion of the end-effector of a SCARA robot, which was used to calibrate an attached dual-axis accelerometer. Two novel, in-place calibration routines that employ dynamic accelerations are presented and validated using experimental data

    Роботизация торговли

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    Russian food vending machines (VM) have been considered. Schemes of construction of robotic technical systems for automatic sale of goods and the principles of their operation have been proposed. The choice of manipulators delivering paid goods from the warehouse to the buyer has been justified. Examples of X3D-models of warehouses and shelves on which the goods are placed have been given. The SVG-model of manual and automatic animation of program movements of the manipulator in the process of delivery of goods from the warehouse to the buyer has been developed. An algorithm for automatic generation of program sequences for electric drives with a system of commands that specify the absolute and relative positions of the shafts of electric motors, maximum and ground speeds, as well as acceleration and deceleration has been proposed. The examples of generated program sequences for linear actuators the FAULHABER company have been given. The schemes of arrangement of manipulator drives, in which its dynamic equations are linear with constant coefficients. That schemes allow to solve elementary problems of optimal control of the manipulator in terms of performance. A three-level control system of VM has been described. The controllers or electric drive drivers in this system are used at the lower level, the middle level is implemented on the Arduino platform, and the tablet PC is used at the upper level. The possible software and hardware of communication between the VM and the buyer, accounting, sales and inventory in the warehouse, receiving payments are described.. The variants of Arduino integration with mobile applications and information systems on the 1cv8 platform have been considered. Lists and describes the SVG code in models of VM, allowing to place equipment, pick up the geometric dimensions of the warehouses, shelves, baskets, select the types of kinematic pairs and the lengths of manipulators links, build software the movements of manipulators and other tasks in the design of the VM.Рассмотрены российские торговые автоматы (ТА) продуктов питания. Предложены схемы построения роботизированных технических комплексов для автоматической продажи товаров и принципы их действия. Обоснован выбор манипуляторов, осуществляющих доставку оплаченного товара со склада в зону выдачи покупателю. Приведены примеры X3D-моделей складов и полок, на которых размещается товар. Разработана SVG-модель ручной и автоматической анимации программных движений манипулятора в процессах доставки товара от склада к покупателю. Предложен алгоритм автоматической генерации программных последовательностей для электроприводов с системой команд, задающих абсолютные и относительные положения валов электродвигателей, максимальные и маршевые скорости, а также ускорения разгона и торможения. Приведены примеры сгенерированных программных последовательностей для линейных приводов фирмы FAULHABER. Предложены схемы компоновки приводов манипулятора, при которых его уравнения динамики являются линейными с постоянными коэффициентами, то есть позволяют элементарно решать задачи оптимального управления манипулятором в смысле быстродействия. Описана трехуровневая система управления ТА, в которой на нижнем уровне используются контроллеры или драйверы электроприводов, средний уровень реализован на платформе Arduino, на верхнем уровне используется планшетный персональный компьютер. Описаны возможные программно-аппаратные средства общения ТА с покупателем, учета продаж и остатков товара на складе, приема платежей от покупателей и взаимодействия ТА с информационными системами его владельца. Рассмотрены варианты интеграции Arduino с мобильными приложениями и информационными системами на платформе 1Сv8. Приведен и описан код SVG-моделей ТА, позволяющий размещать оборудование, подбирать геометрические размеры складов, полок, корзин, выбирать типы кинематических пар и длины звеньев манипуляторов, строить программные движения манипуляторов и решать другие задачи в процессе проектирования ТА

    Workstation Configuration and Process Planning for RLW Operations

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    The application of Remote Laser Welding (RLW) has become an attractive assembly technology in various branches of industry, as it offers higher efficiency at lower costs compared to traditional Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) when high volumes of sheet metal assemblies are to be produced. However, the introduction of RLW technology raises multiple new issues in designing the configuration, the layout, and the behavior of the assembly system. Since configuring an RLW workstation and planning the welding process are closely interrelated problems, a hierarchical decision process must be applied where configuration and planning go hand in hand. The paper presents a hierarchical workflow forworkstation configuration and process planning for RLW operations, and proposes methods for solving the decision problems related to each step of this workflow. A software toolbox is introduced that has been developed to facilitate a semi-Automatic, mixed-initiative workstation design and t o guide the expert user throughout the configuration, planning, programming, evaluation, and simulation of the RLW workstation. A case study from the automotive industry is presented, where the software tools developed are applied to configuring and planning the behavior of an RLW workstation that replaces RSW technology in assembling a car door
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