598,020 research outputs found
Determining WWW User's Next Access and Its Application to Pre-fetching
World-Wide Web (WWW) services have grown to levels where significant delays are expected to happen. Techniques like pre-fetching are likely to help users to personalize their needs, reducing their waiting times. However, pre-fetching is only effective if the right documents are identified and if user's move is correctly predicted. Otherwise, pre-fetching will only waste bandwidth. Therefore, it is productive to determine whether a revisit will occur or not, before starting pre-fetching.
In this paper we develop two user models that help determining user's next move. One model uses Random Walk approximation and the other is based on Digital Signal Processing techniques. We also give hints on how to use such models with a simple pre-fetching technique that we are developing.CNP
Adaptive Random Walks on the Class of Web Graph
We study random walk with adaptive move strategies on a class of directed
graphs with variable wiring diagram. The graphs are grown from the evolution
rules compatible with the dynamics of the world-wide Web [Tadi\'c, Physica A
{\bf 293}, 273 (2001)], and are characterized by a pair of power-law
distributions of out- and in-degree for each value of the parameter ,
which measures the degree of rewiring in the graph. The walker adapts its move
strategy according to locally available information both on out-degree of the
visited node and in-degree of target node. A standard random walk, on the other
hand, uses the out-degree only. We compute the distribution of connected
subgraphs visited by an ensemble of walkers, the average access time and
survival probability of the walks. We discuss these properties of the walk
dynamics relative to the changes in the global graph structure when the control
parameter is varied. For , corresponding to the
world-wide Web, the access time of the walk to a given level of hierarchy on
the graph is much shorter compared to the standard random walk on the same
graph. By reducing the amount of rewiring towards rigidity limit \beta \to
\beta_c \lesss im 0.1, corresponding to the range of naturally occurring
biochemical networks, the survival probability of adaptive and standard random
walk become increasingly similar. The adaptive random walk can be used as an
efficient message-passing algorithm on this class of graphs for large degree of
rewiring.Comment: 8 pages, including 7 figures; to appear in Europ. Phys. Journal
Moving Up the Information Food Chain: Deploying Softbots on the World Wide Web
I view the World Wide Web as an information food chain (figure 1). The maze of pages and hyperlinks that comprise the Web are at the very bottom of the chain. The WebCrawlers and Alta Vistas of the world are information herbivores; they graze on Web pages and regurgitate them as searchable indices. Today, most Web users feed near the bottom of the information food chain, but the time is ripe to move up. Since 1991, we have been building information carnivores, which intelligently hunt and feast on herbivore
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An evaluation of students' and lecturers' use of technologies: an engineering case study.
yesThe introduction in the early 1990s of the world wide web was a significant factor in the creation of a global information society, allowing new possibilities to work, entertain and communicate, from home, at the workplace or on the move.
In recent years, there have been significant advances in information technology (IT), while a new generation of applications that are able to harness the power of the world wide web has been introduced under the banner of Web 2.0. The increased capabilities of IT and the nature of Web 2.0 applications have attracted interest from the academic community as a means of enhancing the delivery of higher education. This paper considers the implications of introducing technology into the higher education sector from the perspectives of academic staff and students, with particular emphasis on the use of technology and Web 2.0 applications, and the relationship between technology and teaching and learning
Corporate Perceptions of Web Based Environmental Communication: An Exploratory Study into Companies in the Australian Minerals Industry
This study seeks the views of environmental and communication managers in three mining companies on the use of the World Wide Web (Web from this point onwards) for environmental communication. Prior literature on web based environmental communication has a primary emphasis on the content of environmental disclosure on websites. It is highlighted in this paper that one must move beyond merely analysing websites for environmental information in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the practice of web based environmental communication. However, very few studies to date have sought the opinions of corporate executives on the web based environmental communication practice of their companies. This study addresses this gap in the literature by obtaining “first hand knowledge” of web based environmental communication in Australia’s minerals industry thorough its interviews
Download time and intent to use a web page: Working paper series--02-09
The World-Wide Web (WWW) has grown, and continues to grow, at an epic rate. Unlike applications software, which provides a structured navigation schema, the web encourages users to move frequently from page to page. In most cases, a web site has only one chance to make a favorable first impression. If a web page takes more than a few seconds to present this first impression, the user may decide to abandon or "bail out" from the current site and move to another site. The result of failure to deliver information to the user in a "reasonable" amount of time to a commercial web site is the loss of business--possibly forever. This research indicates that web page download time has both direct and antecedent effects on a user's behavioral intent to use a web page. In addition, this research indicates that traditional models used to assess behavioral intent and subsequent usage of applications software may not be useful in evaluating a user's intent to use a web page and that alternative predictive models should be evaluated
Seeing the sky through Hubble's eye: The COSMOS SkyWalker
Large, high-resolution space-based imaging surveys produce a volume of data
that is difficult to present to the public in a comprehensible way. While
megapixel-sized images can still be printed out or downloaded via the World
Wide Web, this is no longer feasible for images with 10^9 pixels (e.g., the
Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys [ACS] images of the Galaxy
Evolution from Morphology and SEDs [GEMS] project) or even 10^10 pixels (for
the ACS Cosmic Evolution Survey [COSMOS]). We present a Web-based utility
called the COSMOS SkyWalker that allows viewing of the huge ACS image data set,
even through slow Internet connections. Using standard HTML and JavaScript, the
application successively loads only those portions of the image at a time that
are currently being viewed on the screen. The user can move within the image by
using the mouse or interacting with an overview image. Using an astrometrically
registered image for the COSMOS SkyWalker allows the display of calibrated
world coordinates for use in science. The SkyWalker "technique" can be applied
to other data sets. This requires some customization, notably the slicing up of
a data set into small (e.g., 256^2 pixel) subimages. An advantage of the
SkyWalker is the use of standard Web browser components; thus, it requires no
installation of any software and can therefore be viewed by anyone across many
operating systems.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in PAS
Natural Language Processing in Speech Therapy: An Italian Case Study
Traduttori automatici, motori di ricerca, il World Wide Web tutto. Tutto questo è solo una parte della linguistica computazionale.
Quali sono le altre applicazioni della disciplina? Questa tesi vuole rispondere proprio a questa domanda. Dopo un'introduzione generale sulla disciplina, l'indagine proseguirà presentando un'applicazione specifica della linguistica computazionale: il parsing a dipendenze nella logopedia.
Машинный перевод, цифровые системы поиска, вся мировая паутина. Это даже не часть компьютерной лингвистики. Какови ещё применения дисциплины? Эта дипломная работа постарается ответить именно на этот вопрос. После введения общего характера о дисциплине, работа рассмотривает специфическое применение: синтаксический анализ зависимостей в логопедии.
Automatic translators, search engines, the whole World Wide Web. These are only some of the possible applications of computational linguistics. Are there other uses of computational linguistics? This thesis will try and answer to this very question. After a general introduction on the discipline, the analysis will move to a more specific application: dependency parsing in speech therapy
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