Intelligent evacuation management systems: A review

Crowd and evacuation management have been active areas of research and study in the recent past. Various developments continue to take place in the process of efficient evacuation of crowds in mass gatherings. This article is intended to provide a review of intelligent evacuation management systems covering the aspects of crowd monitoring, crowd disaster prediction, evacuation modelling, and evacuation path guidelines. Soft computing approaches play a vital role in the design and deployment of intelligent evacuation applications pertaining to crowd control management. While the review deals with video and nonvideo based aspects of crowd monitoring and crowd disaster prediction, evacuation techniques are reviewed via the theme of soft computing, along with a brief review on the evacuation navigation path. We believe that this review will assist researchers in developing reliable automated evacuation systems that will help in ensuring the safety of the evacuees especially during emergency evacuation scenarios

A Novel Approach to Complex Human Activity Recognition

Human activity recognition is a technology that offers automatic recognition of what a person is doing with respect to body motion and function. The main goal is to recognize a person\u27s activity using different technologies such as cameras, motion sensors, location sensors, and time. Human activity recognition is important in many areas such as pervasive computing, artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, health care, health outcomes, rehabilitation engineering, occupational science, and social sciences. There are numerous ubiquitous and pervasive computing systems where users\u27 activities play an important role. The human activity carries a lot of information about the context and helps systems to achieve context-awareness. In the rehabilitation area, it helps with functional diagnosis and assessing health outcomes. Human activity recognition is an important indicator of participation, quality of life and lifestyle. There are two classes of human activities based on body motion and function. The first class, simple human activity, involves human body motion and posture, such as walking, running, and sitting. The second class, complex human activity, includes function along with simple human activity, such as cooking, reading, and watching TV. Human activity recognition is an interdisciplinary research area that has been active for more than a decade. Substantial research has been conducted to recognize human activities, but, there are many major issues still need to be addressed. Addressing these issues would provide a significant improvement in different aspects of the applications of the human activity recognition in different areas. There has been considerable research conducted on simple human activity recognition, whereas, a little research has been carried out on complex human activity recognition. However, there are many key aspects (recognition accuracy, computational cost, energy consumption, mobility) that need to be addressed in both areas to improve their viability. This dissertation aims to address the key aspects in both areas of human activity recognition and eventually focuses on recognition of complex activity. It also addresses indoor and outdoor localization, an important parameter along with time in complex activity recognition. This work studies accelerometer sensor data to recognize simple human activity and time, location and simple activity to recognize complex activity

Smart Geographic object: Toward a new understanding of GIS Technology in Ubiquitous Computing

One of the fundamental aspects of ubiquitous computing is the instrumentation of the real world by smart devices. This instrumentation constitutes an opportunity to rethink the interactions between human beings and their environment on the one hand, and between the components of this environment on the other. In this paper we discuss what this understanding of ubiquitous computing can bring to geographic science and particularly to GIS technology. Our main idea is the instrumentation of the geographic environment through the instrumentation of geographic objects composing it. And then investigate how this instrumentation can meet the current limitations of GIS technology, and offers a new stage of rapprochement between the earth and its abstraction. As result, the current research work proposes a new concept we named Smart Geographic Object SGO. The latter is a convergence point between the smart objects and geographic objects, two concepts appertaining respectively to

Analisis Algoritma Trilateral termodifikasi dalam lokalisasi node wsn pada Hajj Tracking System

Salah satu rangkaian haji yang harus dilakukan ialah tawaf. Pada tawaf ada beberapa masalah yang muncul. Salah satunya yaitu Jemaah haji yang sering kali bingung tentang keberadaannya dikarenakan tidak adanya tanda khusus yang dipasang ketika tawaf. Oleh karena itu, diusulkanlah sebuah sistem yang dapat mengetahui posisi jemaah haji tersebut dengan bantuan dari anchor node yang sudah memiliki lokasi tetap dan tiap node yang terhubung secara topologi mesh. Untuk melakukan penelitian ini digunakan acuan untuk mengetahui jarak berupa RSSI (Radio Signal Strength Indicator) yaitu pengukuran menggunakan kuat sinyal yang dikirimkan dari satu node menuju node lain. Dan juga pada sistem ini , menggunakan Algoritma Trilateral termodifikasi yang merupakan algoritma localization range-based yang dapat mengestimasikan posisi dari node haji menggunakan kuat sinyal yang dikirim oleh anchor. Algoritma ini memanfaatkan titik singgung yang dihasilkan dari dua lingkaran oleh dua anchor sebagai posisi pada node haji tersebut. Penggunaan RSSI secara indoor dan outdoor juga berbeda. Pengujian sistem ini dilakukan di sekitaran komplek pesona bali pada lapangan yang representatif dengan daerah masjidil haram. Hasil dari pengujian ini berupa pengukuran jarak menggunakan rssi yang memberikan margin error sebesar 7,95%. Pengukuran RSSI secara outdoor menghasilkan rata-rata error sebesar 7,68% dan rata rata pengukuran RSSI secara indoor sebesar 15,43%

New media and the challenges of Boko Haram terrorism: proposing the adoption of human-wearable digital technology

The Boko Haram terrorism, which began in 2009 has had a devastating impact on the society. So far, it has triggered one of the worst humanitarian crises in history and has been responsible for over 30 thousand deaths with over two million others displaced, mostly in the North-east of the country with sizeable spillovers into the neighboring countries of Chad, Niger and Cameroon. Boko Haram’s primary goal was to create an Islamic caliphate in the region, and like other terrorist networks, uses the unconventional, hit-and-run guerrilla war tactics. This has rendered the insurgency to be a hard nut to crack, a phenomenon that is cited as one of the main reasons the group is able to continually carry out successful attacks despite being declared “technically defeated”. Hence, this need to seek for alternative, ‘unconventional’ media as a tool for counterterrorism. The media, both new and traditional have been shown to play a critical role toward the de-Bokoharamization campaign of the Nigerian Federal Government in collaboration with its Western partners. However, due to the guerrilla tactics nature of the insurgency, human-wearable digital microchip technology such as radio frequency identification and wireless body area network systems have been suggested as capable of yielding desirable outcomes. Following a critical review of literature and taking from Laswell’s communication model, this review article offers a digital communication counterterrorism model to complement the state’s efforts toward the anti-terrorism campaign

An Investigation of IoT Importance and Viability of Health Records Retrieval using Electronic Tags in Pilgrimage

Healthcare services is one of most important domains in the world. One of most crucial aspects of healthcare services is the need to make accurate healthcare decisions at the right time. Retrieving useful historical health records of patients in real-time is necessary to provide accurate healthcare decisions. Traditional health record systems such as paperbased system require time and effort to collect, manage, and retrieve patients’ records. Electronic health record systems were adopted to allow healthcare staff to retrieve useful health records in real-time and consequently improve and speed up healthcare services. Although EHR is effective to serve patients in their local countries, the implementation of EHR for global purposes is still an issue and EHR is not always applicable for people who travel to other countries. One of the most important purposes for Muslims to travel is the pilgrimage journey to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to perform religious rites. The millions of pilgrims converging there may need healthcare services and these services should be accomplished accurately in real-time which require electronic-based historical health records approaches. This study aims to investigate the importance and viability of IoT implementati ons to support retrieval of pilgrims’ EHR using electronic tags. A questionnaire with 60 academic staff and interview with five experts from KSA were conducted to address the main aim of this study. The significance of the results shows that EHR supporting tag reading is a promising solution to enhance healthcare services and counter the challenges of EHR implementations in pilgrimage