A Survey on Energy Efficient Network Coding for Multi-hop Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks

AbstractNetwork coding consists of intelligently aggregating data packets by means of binary or linear combinations. Recently, network coding has been proposed as a complementary solution for energy efficient multi-hop routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This is because network coding, through the aggregation of packets, considerably reduces the number of transmissions throughout the network. Although numerous network coding techniques for energy efficient routing have been developed in the literature, not much is known about a single survey article reporting on such energy efficient network coding within multi-hop WSNs. As a result, this paper addresses this gap by first classifying and discussing the recent developed energy efficient network coding techniques. The paper then identifies and explains open research opportunities based on analysis of merits of such techniques. This survey aims at providing the reader with a brief and concise idea on the current state-of-art research on network coding mainly focusing on its applications for energy efficient WSNs

Self-Evaluation Applied Mathematics 2003-2008 University of Twente

This report contains the self-study for the research assessment of the Department of Applied Mathematics (AM) of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS) at the University of Twente (UT). The report provides the information for the Research Assessment Committee for Applied Mathematics, dealing with mathematical sciences at the three universities of technology in the Netherlands. It describes the state of affairs pertaining to the period 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2008

Whisper: Programmable and Flexible Control on Industrial IoT Networks

Software Defined Networking (SDN) centralizes network control to improve network programmability and flexibility. Contrary to wired settings, it is unclear how to support SDN in low power and lossy networks like typical Internet of Things (IoT) ones. Challenges encompass providing reliable in-band connectivity between the centralized controller and out-of-range nodes, and coping with physical limitations of the highly resource-constrained IoT devices. In this work, we present Whisper, an enabler for SDN in low power and lossy networks. The centralized Whisper controller of a network remotely controls nodes' forwarding and cell allocation. To do so, the controller sends carefully computed routing and scheduling messages that are fully compatible with the protocols run in the network. This mechanism ensures the best possible in-band connectivity between the controller and all network nodes, capitalizing on an interface which is already supported by network devices. Whisper's internal algorithms further reduce the number of messages sent by the controller, to make the exerted control as lightweight as possible for the devices. Beyond detailing Whisper's design, we discuss compelling use cases that Whisper unlocks, including rerouting around low-battery devices and providing runtime defense to jamming attacks. We also describe how to implement Whisper in current IoT open standards (RPL and 6TiSCH) without modifying IoT devices' firmware. This shows that Whisper can implement an SDN-like control for distributed low power networks with no specific support for SDN, from legacy to next generation IoT devices. Our testbed experiments show that Whisper successfully controls the network in both the scheduling and routing plane, with significantly less overhead than other SDN-IoT solutions, no additional latency and no packet loss

Internet of Things Applications - From Research and Innovation to Market Deployment

The book aims to provide a broad overview of various topics of Internet of Things from the research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies, nanoelectronics, cyber physical systems, architecture, interoperability and industrial applications. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC – Internet of Things European Research Cluster from technology to international cooperation and the global "state of play".The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European research Cluster on the Internet of Things Strategic Research Agenda and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, development and deployment of IoT at the global level. Internet of Things is creating a revolutionary new paradigm, with opportunities in every industry from Health Care, Pharmaceuticals, Food and Beverage, Agriculture, Computer, Electronics Telecommunications, Automotive, Aeronautics, Transportation Energy and Retail to apply the massive potential of the IoT to achieving real-world solutions. The beneficiaries will include as well semiconductor companies, device and product companies, infrastructure software companies, application software companies, consulting companies, telecommunication and cloud service providers. IoT will create new revenues annually for these stakeholders, and potentially create substantial market share shakeups due to increased technology competition. The IoT will fuel technology innovation by creating the means for machines to communicate many different types of information with one another while contributing in the increased value of information created by the number of interconnections among things and the transformation of the processed information into knowledge shared into the Internet of Everything. The success of IoT depends strongly on enabling technology development, market acceptance and standardization, which provides interoperability, compatibility, reliability, and effective operations on a global scale. The connected devices are part of ecosystems connecting people, processes, data, and things which are communicating in the cloud using the increased storage and computing power and pushing for standardization of communication and metadata. In this context security, privacy, safety, trust have to be address by the product manufacturers through the life cycle of their products from design to the support processes. The IoT developments address the whole IoT spectrum - from devices at the edge to cloud and datacentres on the backend and everything in between, through ecosystems are created by industry, research and application stakeholders that enable real-world use cases to accelerate the Internet of Things and establish open interoperability standards and common architectures for IoT solutions. Enabling technologies such as nanoelectronics, sensors/actuators, cyber-physical systems, intelligent device management, smart gateways, telematics, smart network infrastructure, cloud computing and software technologies will create new products, new services, new interfaces by creating smart environments and smart spaces with applications ranging from Smart Cities, smart transport, buildings, energy, grid, to smart health and life. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Introduction• Internet of Things Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda• Internet of Things in the industrial context: Time for deployment.• Integration of heterogeneous smart objects, applications and services• Evolution from device to semantic and business interoperability• Software define and virtualization of network resources• Innovation through interoperability and standardisation when everything is connected anytime at anyplace• Dynamic context-aware scalable and trust-based IoT Security, Privacy framework• Federated Cloud service management and the Internet of Things• Internet of Things Application

Energy adaptive buildings:From sensor data to being aware of users

Energie besparen is fundamenteel voor het realiseren van een duurzame energievoorziening. Het besparen van energie draagt bij aan milieudoelstellingen, verbetert de zakelijke positie van landen, en levert werkgelegenheid. Er zijn tal van mogelijkheden voor het behalen van aanzienlijke energiebesparingen in gebouwen gezien individuen en bedrijven gebaat zijn bij energiebesparingen en daardoor zelf de verantwoordelijkheid nemen. Het is bewezen dat het gedrag van gebouwgebruikers een grote impact heeft op de verwarming en ventilatie van ruimtes, en op het energieverbruik van verlichting en huishoudelijke apparaten. Huidige gebouwautomatiseringssystemen kunnen niet overweg met veranderingen in het gedrag van gebruikers en zijn daardoor niet in staat om het energieverbruik terug te dringen met behoud van gebruikerscomfort. Mijn promotieonderzoek wordt gedreven door het doel om een dergelijk energy adaptive building te realiseren dat intelligent systemen aanstuurt en zich aanpast aan de gebruiker en gebruikersactiviteiten door deze te leren, terwijl energieverspilling wordt teruggedrongen. Mijn focus ligt op het ontwikkelen van een framework, beginnende bij de hardware infrastructuur voor sensoren en actuatoren, het verwerken en analyseren van de sensordata, en de nodige informatie over de omgeving en gebruikersactiviteiten verkrijgen zodat het gebouw aangestuurd kan worden. Onze oplossing kan 35% besparen op het totale energieverbruik van een gebouw. Als een succesverhaal, besparen de software systemen zelfs 80% op het energieverbruik van de verlichting in het restaurant van de Bernoulliborg. Wij commercialiseren de resultaten verkregen in ons onderzoek door het oprichten van de start-up SustainableBuildings, een spin-off bedrijf van onze universiteit, om onze oplossing aan te bieden aan kantoorgebouwen.Saving energy is the foundation for achieving a sustainable energy supply. Saving energy contributes to environmental objectives, improves the competitiveness of a country’s businesses, and boosts employment. There are numerous opportunities for achieving significant energy savings in buildings since individuals and businesses have an interest themselves in saving energy and will shoulder the responsibility for doing so.Occupant behaviour has shown to have large impact on space heating and cooling demand, energy consumption of lighting and appliances. Current building automation systems are unable to cope with changes caused by occupants’ behaviour and interaction with the environment, therefore they fail to reduce unnecessary energy consumption while preserving user comfort.My PhD research is driven by the aim of realising such energy adaptive buildings that facilitate intelligent control, that learn and adapt to the building users and their activities, while reducing energy waste. My particular focus is on a framework, going from the hardware infrastructure for sensing and actuating, to processing and analysing sensor data, providing necessary information about the environment and occupants’ activities for the system to produce adaptive control strategies, regulating the environment accordingly.Our solution can save 35% of energy for a single building. As a success story, the software system saves 80 percent on energy spent for lighting in the restaurant of the Bernoulliborg.We are commercialising the results of our research by creating the SustainableBuildings start-up, a spin-off from our university, to offer the solutions to non-residential buildings, first in the Netherlands, and later extending wider