Unaprjeđenje cjelovitosti vojno-obrambenih komunikacijskih sustava s pomoću mrežnih pristupnih točaka s naglaskom na zemaljskim radiorelejnim vezama

Obvious changes in a very broad field of the information and communication technologies are the key driver of the accelerated development of every sphere of human activity, including private life. In the military organization, this technological progress is present through the “post 2000” concept of the networked implementation of operations, which is implemented to varying degrees in armies around the world. New confrontations on the modern front include demands for an ever-increasing volume of the electronic traffic, complexity of the systems that generate, share and consume information content, and above all, the fastest possible availability of the relevant information. The race for information superiority is accompanied, on the other hand, by an ever more destructive highly sophisticated threats, from classic degradations and physical destruction, action of the hybrid (intelligence-combat) platforms of the unmanned systems, to cyber-electromagnetic activities of an offensivedefensive nature. The new paradigms of the multi-domain warfare and expected scenarios that such forms of engagement put forward, demand from the modern military organization further normative arrangements within the functional area related to communication information systems. At the operational-strategic level, they imply the introduction of adequate organizational concepts and doctrines, while in the implementation part they require correction of the established tactics, techniques and procedures. In such an operational environment, integrative efforts within today’s militarydefence communication systems transformed into unique complete solutions have brought a special challenge. Key networking of the mission components is provided by network access points. For this reason, they are the subject of special attention of the network designers, both conceptually and in terms of implementation. The effectiveness of their functioning is also an assessment of the maturity of military thinking, inventiveness and engineering practice – which will bring along defeats or victories to any combat system in future challenges.Očigledne promjene na vrlo širokom području informacijsko-komunikacijskih tehnologija ključni su pokretač ubrzanog razvoja svake sfere ljudskog djelovanja – uključujući i privatni život. U vojnoj organizaciji ovaj tehnološki napredak prisutan je kroz tzv. post 2000 koncept umrežene provedbe operacija – koji se u različitim stupnjevima implementira u vojskama širom svijeta. Nova sučeljavanja na suvremenoj bojišnici uključuju zahtjeve za sve većim volumenom elektroničkih prometnica, usložnjavanja sustava koji generiraju, dijele i konzumiraju informacijske sadržaje te prije svega što bržu dostupnost relevantnih informacija. Utrku za informacijskom superiornošću s druge strane prate nikad destruktivnije visokosofisticirane prijetnje – od klasičnih degradacija i fizičkih uništenja, djelovanja hibridnih (obavještajno-borbenih) platformi besposadnih sustava, do kiberelektromagnetskih aktivnosti napadajno-obrambene prirode. Nove paradigme višedomenskog ratovanja i očekujući scenariji koje takvi oblici angažmana donose, od suvremene vojne organizacije traže daljnja normativna uređenja unutar funkcionalnog područja vezanog uz komunikacijsko-informacijske sustave. Ona na operativno-strategijskoj razini podrazumijevaju uvođenje adekvatnih organizacijskih koncepata i doktrina, dok u provedbenom dijelu traže korigiranje ustaljenih taktika, tehnika i procedura. U takvom operativnom okružju, poseban izazov donose integrativni napori unutar vojno-obrambenih komunikacijskih sustava današnjice, pretočeni u jedinstvena cjelovita rješenja. Ključnu umreženost misijskih sastavnica osiguravaju mrežne pristupne točke. Zbog tog su razloga predmetom od posebne pozornosti mrežnih dizajnera, i u konceptualnom i u izvedbenom smislu. Učinkovitost njihova funkcioniranja, ujedno je i ocjena zrelosti vojnog promišljanja, inventivnosti i inženjerske prakse – koja će u budućim izazovima svakom borbenom sustavu donositi poraze ili pobjede

Success Factors for SOA Implementation in Network Centric Environment, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2011, nr 1

This paper discusses challenges and success factors for service oriented architecture (SOA) implementation in network centric environment. The authors identify 9 fundamental challenges for the SOA approach in order to make the biggest benefit for the NATO NEC (NNEC) and increase the mission effectiveness to the highest extent. They cover the areas of applicability to existing military communications and the ability to reflect military processes. Their range is quite broad, pointing out technological as well as SOA governmental problems. The authors emphasize that any COTS solution available on the market today is able to overcome all of them at once. However, they propose solutions to some of the problems and present quick wins that can speed up the process of achieving capabilities in a heterogeneous multinational NEC environment

O Desenvolvimento Através da Experimentação

A OTAN, para operar mais eficazmente, no novo ambiente estratégico, num esforço contínuo de mudança, está a transformar as suas forças e capacidades. Nessa transformação, o Desenvolvimento de Conceitos e Experimentação – Concept Development & Experimentation (CD&E), integrado no Processo de Desenvolvimento de Capacidades – Capability Development Process (CDP), é o instrumento estratégico de desenvolvimento das novas capacidades militares necessárias às operações da Aliança Atlântica. O desenvolvimento em espiral de programas interdependentes de I&D e experimentação possibilita o desenvolvimento mais rápido de capacidades, de que se apresentam dois exemplos neste trabalho. De uma avaliação ainda exploratória, verifica-se da relevância que os programas de trabalho CD&E da OTAN têm para o desenvolvimento de capacidades necessárias às Forças Armadas Portuguesas. A complexidade do processo, os custos associados, assim como o envolvimento da indústria, recomendam a cooperação, no âmbito da OTAN, através da integração dos programas nacionais com os da Aliança Atlântica. O desenvolvimento de capacidades na UE, com uma metodologia similar à da OTAN, está a ganhar um novo impulso com a Estratégia Europeia para a Investigação e Tecnologia de Defesa – European Defence Research and Technology (EDRT) associada à estratégia Europeia da Base Tecnológica e Industrial de Defesa – European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB). Os Centros CD&E dos países membros da OTAN e UE que implementaram este processo, em apoio da transformação das suas Forças Armadas, têm uma forte ligação à indústria, às universidades e centros de I&D nacionais e cooperam com a OTAN no desenvolvimento de conceitos e experimentação. A base tecnológica e industrial nacional dificilmente poderá apoiar a médio prazo um processo nacional CD&E. Se for investido mais em I&D de defesa, que possa desenvolver tecnologias baseadas em capacidades prioritárias, talvez assim seja possível dinamizar a base tecnológica e industrial de defesa. Assim a implementação a nível nacional do processo CD&E passa principalmente por: - Mais investimento em I&D de Defesa; - Cooperação com OTAN e UE; - Envolvimento da indústria, universidades e institutos de investigação. Abstract: NATO is transforming their forces and capability, in order to face more effectively the new strategic environment. The strategic for that transformation is the Concept Development & Experimentation Process (CD&E) integrated with the Capability Development Process (CDP). The spiral development through two interdependent programmes I&D and experimentation enables the capability development in a more quickly way. Two examples are presented in this study. Trough an exploratory evaluation, there are evidences that the CD&E programmes being carried out have a major relevance for Portuguese Armed Forces capability development. The complexity, the associated costs, as well as the necessary industry involvement recommend the cooperation among the NATO member’s nations. The military capability development in the UE, with a similar methodology to NATO, has gained a new impulse with the new strategy European Defence Research and Technology (EDRT) in association with the strategy European Defence Technological and Industrial Base (EDTIB). The CD&E Centres in the NATO an UE nations, that have implemented this process, in support of the transformation of their Armed Forces, have strong relation with the national industry and I&D centres and are cooperating with NATO in concept development and experimentation. The national technologic and industrial base hardly will be able to support the CD&E process in the middle term. If there were more investment in defence I&D , it will be maybe possible to develop the technological and industrial base. In this situation, the CD&E process implementation at national level, wil depend on: - More investement in defence I&D; - Cooporation in NATO and EU; - Envolvement from the industry, university and research centres

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2011, nr 1

kwartalni

Implicações Doutrinárias

Neste estudo foi empregue o método científico, com recurso ao modelo dedutivo, para se encontrar resposta ao problema em análise, consubstanciado na questão central “A doutrina das Transmissões de Campanha no Exército Português altera-se substancialmente com a adopção do Sistema de Informação e Comunicações-Táctico?”. O estudo está organizado em duas partes dotadas de um encadeamento lógico: na primeira, denominada de generalidades e conceitos de Transmissões, abordam-se as razões que levaram à necessidade de um novo sistema de informação e comunicações táctico para o Exército, bem como dois conceitos enquadrantes da nova realidade das comunicações militares, a guerra da informação e as operações centradas em rede. Com base nestes conceitos avança-se para uma definição de funções e princípios que guiam os Sistemas de Informação e Comunicações na actualidade. Na segunda parte é abordado o emprego táctico das transmissões, estudando-se os sistemas Mobile Subscriber Equipment e o conceito de LandWarNet aplicado às novas brigadas norte-americanas. Após um enquadramento conceptual e uma análise à estrutura lógica e modular do Sistema de Informação e Comunicações-Táctico, apresenta-se um possível emprego do mesmo na manobra de uma brigada. Conclui-se que, face à nova filosofia modular do Sistema de Informação e Comunicações-Táctico, à sua utilização de protocolos standard, à sua capacidade de implementação de serviços diferenciados e à sua versatilidade e potencial interoperabilidade, a doutrina das transmissões de campanha no Exército se altera substancialmente com a adopção do Sistema de Informação e Comunicações-Táctico. Em complemento, apresentam-se contributos para a implementação da componente de segurança no Sistema de Informação e Comunicações-Táctico. Abstract: In this study a scientific methodology was used, resorting to a deductive model to find an answer to the problem in analysis summed up in the main question: “Does the introduction of the Tactical Communications and Information System significantly change the tactical signal support doctrine in the Portuguese army?” The study is organized in two parts according to a logical sequence: in the first one, named signals concepts and generalities, the reasons behind the need of a new Army tactical communications and information system are addressed, as well as two structuring concepts of the new military communications environment, information warfare and network centric operations. Starting from these concepts the study moves on to define the new functions and principles that drive Communications and Information Systems nowadays. In the second part the study addresses the tactical employment of signals, by studying the Mobile Subscriber Equipment system and the LandWarNet concept as applied to the new North American brigades. Following a conceptual framing and an analysis of the modular and logical structure of the Tactical Communications and Information System, its possible employment in the brigade maneuver is presented. It is concluded that, because of the Tactical Communications and Information System’s modular philosophy, its adherence to standard protocols, its differentiated services implementation capability and its potential versatility and interoperability, the introduction of Tactical Communications and Information System significantly changes the tactical signal support doctrine in the Portuguese army. In addition, some contributions to the implementation of the security component of Tactical Communications and Information System are presented

Enabling technologies and cyber-physical systems for mission-critical scenarios

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Tecnoloxías da Información e Comunicacións en Redes Móbiles . 5029P01[Abstract] Reliable transport systems, defense, public safety and quality assurance in the Industry 4.0 are essential in a modern society. In a mission-critical scenario, a mission failure would jeopardize human lives and put at risk some other assets whose impairment or loss would significantly harm society or business results. Even small degradations of the communications supporting the mission could have large and possibly dire consequences. On the one hand, mission-critical organizations wish to utilize the most modern, disruptive and innovative communication systems and technologies, and yet, on the other hand, need to comply with strict requirements, which are very different to those of non critical scenarios. The aim of this thesis is to assess the feasibility of applying emerging technologies like Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and 4G broadband communications in mission-critical scenarios along three key critical infrastructure sectors: transportation, defense and public safety, and shipbuilding. Regarding the transport sector, this thesis provides an understanding of the progress of communications technologies used for railways since the implantation of Global System for Mobile communications-Railways (GSM-R). The aim of this work is to envision the potential contribution of Long Term Evolution (LTE) to provide additional features that GSM-R would never support. Furthermore, the ability of Industrial IoT for revolutionizing the railway industry and confront today's challenges is presented. Moreover, a detailed review of the most common flaws found in Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) based IoT systems is presented, including the latest attacks described in the literature. As a result, a novel methodology for auditing security and reverse engineering RFID communications in transport applications is introduced. The second sector selected is driven by new operational needs and the challenges that arise from modern military deployments. The strategic advantages of 4G broadband technologies massively deployed in civil scenarios are examined. Furthermore, this thesis analyzes the great potential for applying IoT technologies to revolutionize modern warfare and provide benefits similar to those in industry. It identifies scenarios where defense and public safety could leverage better commercial IoT capabilities to deliver greater survivability to the warfighter or first responders, while reducing costs and increasing operation efficiency and effectiveness. The last part is devoted to the shipbuilding industry. After defining the novel concept of Shipyard 4.0, how a shipyard pipe workshop works and what are the requirements for building a smart pipe system are described in detail. Furthermore, the foundations for enabling an affordable CPS for Shipyards 4.0 are presented. The CPS proposed consists of a network of beacons that continuously collect information about the location of the pipes. Its design allows shipyards to obtain more information on the pipes and to make better use of it. Moreover, it is indicated how to build a positioning system from scratch in an environment as harsh in terms of communications as a shipyard, showing an example of its architecture and implementation.[Resumen] En la sociedad moderna, los sistemas de transporte fiables, la defensa, la seguridad pública y el control de la calidad en la Industria 4.0 son esenciales. En un escenario de misión crítica, el fracaso de una misión pone en peligro vidas humanas y en riesgo otros activos cuyo deterioro o pérdida perjudicaría significativamente a la sociedad o a los resultados de una empresa. Incluso pequeñas degradaciones en las comunicaciones que apoyan la misión podrían tener importantes y posiblemente terribles consecuencias. Por un lado, las organizaciones de misión crítica desean utilizar los sistemas y tecnologías de comunicación más modernos, disruptivos e innovadores y, sin embargo, deben cumplir requisitos estrictos que son muy diferentes a los relativos a escenarios no críticos. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es evaluar la viabilidad de aplicar tecnologías emergentes como Internet of Things (IoT), Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) y comunicaciones de banda ancha 4G en escenarios de misión crítica en tres sectores clave de infraestructura crítica: transporte, defensa y seguridad pública, y construcción naval. Respecto al sector del transporte, esta tesis permite comprender el progreso de las tecnologías de comunicación en el ámbito ferroviario desde la implantación de Global System for Mobile communications-Railway (GSM-R). El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la contribución potencial de Long Term Evolution (LTE) para proporcionar características adicionales que GSM-R nunca podría soportar. Además, se presenta la capacidad de la IoT industrial para revolucionar la industria ferroviaria y afrontar los retos actuales. Asimismo, se estudian con detalle las vulnerabilidades más comunes de los sistemas IoT basados en Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), incluyendo los últimos ataques descritos en la literatura. Como resultado, se presenta una metodología innovadora para realizar auditorías de seguridad e ingeniería inversa de las comunicaciones RFID en aplicaciones de transporte. El segundo sector elegido viene impulsado por las nuevas necesidades operacionales y los desafíos que surgen de los despliegues militares modernos. Para afrontarlos, se analizan las ventajas estratégicas de las tecnologías de banda ancha 4G masivamente desplegadas en escenarios civiles. Asimismo, esta tesis analiza el gran potencial de aplicación de las tecnologías IoT para revolucionar la guerra moderna y proporcionar beneficios similares a los alcanzados por la industria. Se identifican escenarios en los que la defensa y la seguridad pública podrían aprovechar mejor las capacidades comerciales de IoT para ofrecer una mayor capacidad de supervivencia al combatiente o a los servicios de emergencias, a la vez que reduce los costes y aumenta la eficiencia y efectividad de las operaciones. La última parte se dedica a la industria de construcción naval. Después de definir el novedoso concepto de Astillero 4.0, se describe en detalle cómo funciona el taller de tubería de astillero y cuáles son los requisitos para construir un sistema de tuberías inteligentes. Además, se presentan los fundamentos para posibilitar un CPS asequible para Astilleros 4.0. El CPS propuesto consiste en una red de balizas que continuamente recogen información sobre la ubicación de las tuberías. Su diseño permite a los astilleros obtener más información sobre las tuberías y hacer un mejor uso de las mismas. Asimismo, se indica cómo construir un sistema de posicionamiento desde cero en un entorno tan hostil en términos de comunicaciones, mostrando un ejemplo de su arquitectura e implementación

Resilient by Design: Enabling Agility and Resilience in Ontario’s Small and Medium Enterprises

At the time of writing this report, Canada has completed one year of lockdowns and restrictions due to COVID-19. The world is grappling with disruption at a scale that we haven’t experienced in recent years. The devastation COVID has wreaked through the Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) community is just starting to show and it is expected to get worse. In 2020, Canada lost almost 58,000 businesses and by Canadian Federation of Independent Business’ (CFIB’s) estimates, Canada could lose between 71,000 to 222,000 businesses which equate to 7% to 21%, respectively. With up to almost 3 million jobs at stake, it is not hard to imagine the devastation that this could unleash. SMEs make up almost the entirety of Canada’s economy, with 98.8% of businesses in Canada being organizations with 1-499 employees. Without question, where there is impact to Canadian SMEs, there is impact to Canada’s well-being. Agility and resilience offer SMEs a way forward. This study looks to answer the main research question of: what are the elements of agility and resilience and how might they enable us to implement resilience in Ontario SMEs? In answering this question, this study explores the relationship between the two concepts and adds in an original contribution that enumerates the dimensions of resilience that can be used to evaluate resilience at the time of impact. In addition, original contributions of this study also include seven elements of agility and resilience and an accompanying Agility and Resilience Maturity Model that can enable SMEs to not only identify their current-state resilience but also to have a roadmap of transformation for resilience

Wireless Military Communications -NNEC Enabler

Abstract. The paper discusses the NATO Network Enabled Capability concept, mainly from the communication point of view. The changes involve complete new requirements on the role of command and control to increase flexibility and effectiveness. Integration of Modeling and Simulation with Command, Control, and Information Systems increases the number of risks but it promises to leverage the projected capability and interoperability