Structure Functions are not Parton Probabilities

We explain why contrary to common belief, the deep inelastic scattering structure functions are not related to parton probabilities in the target.Comment: 4 pages. Invited talk presented during the `International Light-Cone Workshop', Trento, ECT, September 3-11, 2001. Updated Report-Number

Psychosis in Azheimer\u27s Disease

Much of the basic science literature on Alzheimer\u27s Disease (AD) reflects ongoing research into pathophysiology and neuropathology. Yet, despite reports of the association between psychotic symptoms and Alzheimer\u27s disease, relatively little is known about why such symptoms develop in certain patients and not in others. Neuroimaging and genetic studies may provide greater understanding of this association and allow clinicians and researchers to prevent, predict and treat the onset of psychotic symptoms in the future. This paper will review the current literature on the topic of psychosis in Alzheimer\u27s disease and focus on current recommendations for interventions by clinicians and caregivers

Detection of Wolf-Rayet stars in host galaxies of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs): are GRBs produced by runaway massive stars ejected from high stellar density regions ?

We have obtained deep spectroscopic observations of several nearby gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies revealing for the first time the presence of Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars and numerous O stars located in rich and compact clusters or star forming regions. Surprisingly, high spatial resolution imaging shows that the GRBs and the associated supernovae did not occur in these regions, but several hundreds of parsec away. Considering various scenarios for GRB progenitors, we do not find any simple explanation of why they should be preferentially born in regions with low stellar densities. All the examined GRBs and associated SNe have occurred 400 to 800 pc from very high density stellar environments including large numbers of WR stars. Such distances can be travelled through at velocities of 100 km/s or larger, assuming the travel time to be the typical life time of WR stars. It leads us to suggest that GRB progenitors may be runaway massive stars ejected from compact massive star clusters. The ejection from such super star clusters may lead to a spin-up of these stars, producing the loss of the hydrogen and/or helium envelopes leading to the origin of the type Ibc supernovae associated with GRBs. If this scenario applies tocd text/Sc all GRBs, it provides a natural explanation of the very small fraction of massive stars that emit a GRB at the end of their life. An alternative to this scenario could be a binary origin for GRBs, but this still requires an explanation of why it would preferentially occur in low stellar density regions.Comment: (1) GEPI, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, France, (2) Observatoire de Geneve, Switzerland, (3) Laboratoire d'Astrophysique Toulouse-Tarbes, France,(4) Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, US

Regulation in a Political Economy: An explanation of limited commitment of governments in the context of the ratchet effect

This paper offers an explanation why governments have limited commitment and are susceptible to the ratchet effect. It analyzes a two period model in which a government with full commitment regulates a firm. Each period is predated by an election. If contracts of previous governments tie newly elected governments, governments end up being unable to resist renegotiation. If previous contracts do not bind new governments and taxation has a crowding-out effect, a ratchet effect occurs which is similar, but not identical to the standard ratchet effect which is due to intertemporal non-commitment. Surprisingly, social welfare may be higher in the latter case.political economy;endogenous limited commitment;renegotiation;short run contracts

WHY RAWLS IS NOT A KANTIAN?

Autor polazi od tvrdnje da Rawls ne može biti kantijanac, budući da se – za razliku od Kanta, suočio s pluralizmom suvremenog inovativnog društva u kojem se pojedinci ne diferenciraju samo tradicijama, već i inovacijama na egzistencijalne dobitnike i gubitnike. Rawls misli da se ta činjenica pluralizma može samo a posteriori politički regulirati, tako da je se permanentno kultivira do građanima prihvatljivoga političkog, moralnog i pravnog poretka koji legitimira nejednakosti među građanima. Pojedinci su tako povezani u političku zajednicu pravdom shvaćenom kao fairness. U ovome tipu pravde građani međusobno priznaju nejednakosti jer žive u situaciji neizvjesnosti ili neodređenosti za koju autor smatra da je condicio humana u inovativnom društvu. U takvim uvjetima, zaključuje autor, fairness je sposobnost susreta s nepoznatom nepravdom.The author’s starting point is the argument that Rawls cannot be a Kantian, because he – unlike Kant – was faced with the pluralism of the contemporary innovative society, in which individuals are not divided into the existential winners and losers solely on the basis of different traditions but also of different innovations. Rawls thinks that this fact of pluralism may only be a posteriori politically regulated in a way that it is permanently cultivated to the level of political, moral and legal order, acceptable for citizens, which gives legitimacy to the inequalities among them. Individuals are thus linked into a political community by means of justice understood as fairness. In this type of justice, citizens allow for the inequalities because they live in uncertainty or vagueness, which the author considers to be conditio humana in the innovative society. Under such circumstances, the author concludes, fairness is an ability to cope with an unfamiliar injustice

The Occulted Woman in Russian Silver Age Decadent Poetry

The article outlines the cultural context of Russian women who contributed to the development of decadent poetry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, most now forgotten or “occulted” (eclipsed, crowded out). Given the importance of gender theories and “feminine” discursive space in the Silver Age, this phenomenon must be examined; it is not just a typical example of women written out of literary history. The article suggests reasons why decadence may have appealed to women as well as why Russian women who adopted a specifically decadent position might not have been taken seriously. It ends by suggesting why more famous Russian poets (especially Axmatova and Cvetaeva, whose reputations have lasted and grown) achieved more lasting influence thanks to their occulted female predecessors