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Pidgin! Make we hear your speak, Make we know why chaw students dey luv you
Historical evidence contends that as a country, Ghana (formally the Gold Coast) had not need for a pidgin. Additionally, the colonial administration made deliberate attempts to acknowledge and teach Standard English, exclusively, in school, as a result of these factors, there is a minimal need to speak Pidgin in Ghana, as compared to Standard English; further, it is not socially considered an attractive option for interpersonal communication as it is in other West African countries, particularly, Nigeria. Nevertheless, a new phenomenon of non-standard English has developed among students n senior secondary schools in Ghana. This rapidly progressing variety of English has almost become, as one scholar asserts, a shibboleth among students in senior secondary schools. The Student Pidgin variety is being cultivated in an environment where the students are strictly limited to the exclusive use of Standard English. The focus of this research is to examine the reasons behind the utilization of student pidgin in senior secondary schools
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What causes the word gap? Financial concerns may systematically suppress child-directed speech
Parents with fewer educational and economic resources (low socioeconomic-status, SES) tend to speak less to their children, with consequences for childrenâs later life outcomes. Despite this well-established and highly popularized link, surprisingly little research addresses why the SES âword gapâ exists. Moreover, existing research focuses on individual-level explanations with little attention to structural constraints with which parents must contend. In two pre-registered studies, we test whether experiencing financial scarcity itself can suppress caregiversâ speech to their children. Study 1 suggests that caregivers who are prompted to reflect on scarcityâparticularly those who reflect on financial scarcityâspeak to their 3-year-olds less than a control group in a subsequent play session. Study 2 finds that caregivers speak less to their children at the end of the monthâwhen they are more likely to be experiencing financial hardshipâthan the rest of the month. Thus, above and beyond the individual characteristics of parents, structural constraints may affect how much parents speak to their children
Guilt, Practical Identity, and Moral Staining
The guilt left by immoral actions is why moral duties are more pressing and serious than other reasons like prudential considerations. Religions talk of sin and karma; the secular still speak of spots or stains. I argue that a moral staining view of guilt is in fact the best model. It accounts for guilt's reflexive character and for anxious, scrupulous worries about whether one has transgressed. To understand moral staining, I borrow Christine Korsgaard's view that we construct our identities as agents through our actions. The contribution of immoral actions to self-constitution explains why moral obligations have priority and importance
Why the Tsirelson Bound? Bub's Question and Fuchs' Desideratum
To answer Wheeler's question "Why the quantum?" via quantum information
theory according to Bub, one must explain both why the world is quantum rather
than classical and why the world is quantum rather than superquantum, i.e.,
"Why the Tsirelson bound?" We show that the quantum correlations and quantum
states corresponding to the Bell basis states, which uniquely produce the
Tsirelson bound for the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt quantity, can be derived
from conservation per no preferred reference frame (NPRF). A reference frame in
this context is defined by a measurement configuration, just as with the light
postulate of special relativity. We therefore argue that the Tsirelson bound is
ultimately based on NPRF just as the postulates of special relativity. This
constraint-based/principle answer to Bub's question addresses Fuchs'
desideratum that we "take the structure of quantum theory and change it from
this very overt mathematical speak ... into something like [special
relativity]." Thus, the answer to Bub's question per Fuchs' desideratum is,
"the Tsirelson bound obtains due to conservation per NPRF."Comment: Contains corrections to the published versio
Relationships as Commitment Devices: Strategic Silence
People who understand self-control problems can devise mechanisms to overcome them.In this paper, we discuss how relationships can help individuals overcome their selfcontrol problems by creating a tradeoff between desired present procrastination and undesired future procrastination.Threatening not to speak to a person who caves in can create such a tradeoff.The results depend on a limited memory assumption.We show how such interactions can explain strategic pretence, strategic ignorance, why a person would choose to punish himself after he caved in and why punishments need to increase if not adhered to immediately.strategy;bias;behavioural science
Augustineâs Use of Neoplatonism in Confessions VII: A Response to Peter King
A modified version of Michael Gorman's comments on Peter Kingâs paper at the 2004 Henle Conference. Above all, an account of Augustineâs purposes in discussing Neoplatonism in Confessions VII, showing why Augustine does not tell us certain things we wish he would. In my commentary I will address the following topics: (i) what it means to speak of the philosophically interesting points in Augustine; (ii) whether Confessions VII is really about the Trinity; (iii) Augustineâs intentions in Confessions VII; (iv) Kingâs hypostatic interpretationâ;(v) Christology
The Basic Content of the Christian Gospel
What is the basic content of the Christian Gospel? Why attempt to determine what it is that makes any message Gospel? As a church, we are very insistent that we are a gospel proclaiming people. If that is the case, we need to know what it is that we claim to speak when we speak. The very term gospelâ is used so often that it can readily be used in place of that which it supposedly names--the elements that compose it
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