The Impact of Externalization on the Sexual Satisfaction of Pornography Users: A Moderated Mediation Analysis

In committed relationships, pornography use has been associated with a contradictory influence on relationship and sexual satisfaction, particularly for women. Previous research indicates that sexual shame and moral disapproval may be related to pornography use, especially for religiously-affiliated individuals. Research also suggests that individuals may use defense mechanisms such as externalization to avoid negative emotions. This study explored the correlations between women’s mutual pornography use and sexual satisfaction and used ordinary least squares regression to examine the moderating influence of externalization on the effect of moral disapproval on the relationships between mutual pornography use and sexual shame and mutual pornography use and sexual satisfaction. Exploratory research was also conducted using the data from male participants. The results indicated that, as hypothesized, for women, mutual use was positively correlated with sexual satisfaction, both overall and partner-focused. Contrary to the hypothesis, women’s mutual use was also positively correlated with self-focused sexual satisfaction. The results also found that mutual pornography use, sexual shame, moral disapproval, and externalization were statistically significant predictors of sexual satisfaction for women. There was a statistically significant interaction between mutual use, moral disapproval, externalization, and sexual satisfaction for women, as externalization attenuated the effect of moral disapproval on the relationship between mutual pornography use and sexual satisfaction. The exploratory correlations between men’s mutual use and sexual satisfaction were unanticipated, as all were positively correlated and overall were stronger than the correlations seen in women. However, the moderated mediation analysis was not significant for men

Character education in UK schools: research report

The research project described in this report represents one of the most extensive studies of character education ever undertaken, including over 10,000 students and 255 teachers in schools across England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales. Research techniques consisted of a mixture of surveys, moral dilemmas and semi-structured interviews. This report explores: - The current situation in character education, both in the UK and internationally - How developed British students are with respect to moral character and the extent to which they are able to understand and apply moral virtues, especially those aged 14 and 15 - How teachers in the UK understand their role in terms of students’ moral and character development - What helps or hinders the development of children’s characters according to teachers in UK school

Contratransferência e aliança terapêutica no início da psicoterapia psicodinâmica de adultos

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to assess the relationship between countertransference (CT) and therapeutic alliance (TA) during the early stages of psychodynamic psychotherapy. A secondary objective is to assess associations between CT and variables related to therapist and patient and between CT and other patient variables investigated, which were defense mechanisms, symptomology and functionality. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 30 patients treated by 17 different therapists at the psychotherapy clinics of two psychiatry centers. Assessments of each patient-therapist pair were conducted between their fourth and 10th sessions. Results: The CT distance domain exhibited a moderate negative correlation with TA, particularly its sub-dimension representing the patient’s capacity for work in therapy. Moderate positive correlations were observed between CT distance and the splitting defense mechanism and between CT closeness and suppression defenses, in addition to moderate negative correlation between CT indifference and the fantasy defense mechanism. Another finding was higher scores for CT indifference in association with socioeconomic classes D and E. Conclusions: The quality of CT may provide a source of information about TA. A high degree of CT distance represents a low level of TA, particularly with relation to the patient’s working capacity, although presence of the splitting defense mechanism can affect CT, to the extent that it constitutes a confounding variable. The concept of CT is useful to psychotherapists, providing a source of information about the patient’s internal world and about certain elements of therapy, such as the quality of TA, which is important for good treatment results.Objetivos: O objetivo principal desta pesquisa foi avaliar a relação entre a contratransferência (CT) e a aliança terapêutica (AT) no início da psicoterapia psicodinâmica. O objetivo secundário é avaliar a associação da CT com as variáveis da dupla e da CT com as demais variáveis do paciente avaliadas, que foram os mecanismos de defesa, sintomatologia e funcionalidade. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 30 pacientes do ambulatório de psicoterapia de dois serviços de psiquiatria, atendidos por 17 terapeutas. As avaliações ocorreram entre quarto e décimo encontros da dupla. Resultados: A dimensão da CT distância apresentou correlação negativa moderada com a AT, especialmente sua dimensão que representa a capacidade de trabalho em terapia do paciente. Foram verificadas correlações moderadas positivas entre CT distância e cisão e entre CT proximidade e supressão, além da correlação moderada negativa da CT indiferença com fantasia. Outro dado encontrado foi a presença de maiores níveis da CT indiferença diante de pacientes da classe socioeconômica D e E. Conclusões: A qualidade da CT pode servir de fonte de informações sobre a AT. A presença de alta CT que indica distância está relacionada a baixa AT, sobretudo em relação a capacidade de trabalho do paciente, ainda que a presença de cisão pode influenciar a CT, de forma que representa uma variável de confusão. A CT é um conceito útil ao psicoterapeuta, servindo como fonte de informações sobre o mundo interno do paciente e sobre elementos da psicoterapia, como a qualidade da AT, importante para os bons resultados dos tratamentos

AN INVESTIGATION OF FEEDBACK SEEKING BEHAVIORS, SOURCE CREDIBILITY, AND IMPRESSION MANAGEMENT AS A FUNCTION OF GOAL ORIENTATION

Goal Orientation (GO), the behavioral tendencies for the goals individuals will adopt in a variety of situations has been thoroughly utilized to understand feedback seeking behaviors. While previous and ongoing research has answered many questions within this area, there remains theoretical inconsistencies involving these relationships. For example, the relationship between prove performance goal orientation (PPGO) and feedback seeking has largely been inconsistent. There are also relationships yet to be tested such as how the GO dimensions are related to different sources of feedback within the workplace. Because of this, the purpose of the present research was to examine the relationships between the three GO dimensions and feedback seeking to different sources (supervisor and colleague). Additionally, the impact of impression management on the relationship between PPGO and feedback seeking behaviors, and the impact of feedback source credibility on the relationship between learning goal orientation (LGO) and feedback seeking behaviors was examined. Based on a sample of 291 working adults in southern California, results indicated that LGO and PPGO positively predicted feedback seeking to a supervisor and a colleague. Additionally, APGO (avoidance performance goal orientation) was unrelated to either feedback source in regression models containing LGO and PPGO, but bivariate correlations revealed a small positive relationship between APGO and a colleague. Impression management did not practically moderate the relationship between PPGO and feedback seeking to a supervisor and feedback source credibility did not impact the relationship between LGO and feedback seeking to a supervisor. This means that individuals with a LGO and PPGO have tendencies for seeking feedback from not just a supervisor, but also colleagues within the workplace, while APGO individuals may lean towards a colleague for feedback. For the two interactions, Impression management may not be an adequate measure for finding the inconsistencies between PPGO and feedback seeking. Finally, feedback source credibility does not seem a factor for LGO individuals in the feedback seeking process. Practical and theoretical implications are provided along with the limitations and suggestions for future research

Melancholia or Not; The Mysterious Differences in Depression : A Study of Pathophysiological Differences Between Depressive Subtypes – Findings from The Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Depressive symptoms are behaviors and thought processes typical of depression. These symptoms can be classified into subtypes of depressive symptomatology based on established criteria. The depressive subtypes are known to differ in their presentation, but much is still unknown about their possible pathophysiologic differences. This study aimed to shed light on some of the pathophysiologic differences between melancholic and non-melancholic depressive symptoms. The study utilized the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study population. Depressive symptoms were determined based on subtyping developed from the criteria for melancholia in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Advanced glycation end products, pulse wave velocity, body composition, and mortality were analyzed for each subtype and compared. Depressive symptoms were more common among women, were associated with less physical activity, lower likelihood of cohabitation, and lower likelihood of financial satisfaction. Comorbidities were also more common among those with depressive symptoms. Subtypes differed in regard to cholesterol, blood pressure, body mass index and fat mass. It was shown that melancholic depressive symptoms are more closely related to advanced glycation end products and mortality, whereas nonmelancholic depressive symptoms are more closely related to pulse wave velocity, body composition and impaired glucose regulation. In conclusion, the depressive subtypes seemed to show differing pathophysiology. This may suggest that the two subtypes represent differing disease processes that present with similar symptomatology.Depressiva symptom är beteenden och tankeprocesser som är typiska för depression. Dessa symptom kan bli klassificerade att tillhöra olika subtyper av depression baserat på etablerade kriterier. Dessa depressiva subtyper är kända för att variera i sin presentation, men mycket är ännu okänt när det kommer till patofysiologiska skillnader. Denna studie har försökt visa några patofysiologiska skillnader mellan melankoliska och icke-melankoliska depressiva symptom. Studien använde sig av Helsingfors Födelsekohort Studiens (HBCS) deltagare. Depressiva symptom var avgjorda på basen av subtyper som är fastslagna som del av kriterierna för melankoli i den psykiatriska handboken DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Avancerade glykerade slutprodukter, pulsvågshastighet, kropssamansättning, och dödlighet analyserades för subtyperna och jämfördes. Depressiva symptom var vanligare hos kvinnor, var associerade med mindre fysisk aktivitet, var associerade med mindre sannolikhet för samboende samt mindre sannolikhet för finanssiell tillfredsställelse. Komorbiditeter var vanligare hos dem med depressiva symptom. Subtyperna skillde sig åt när det kom till kolesterol, blodtryck, index för kroppsmassa, och fet massa. Studien visade att melankoliska depressiva symptom är närmare relaterade till avancerade glykerade slutprodukter och dödlighet, medan icke-melankoliska depressiva symptom är närmare relaterade till pulsvågshastighet, kropssamansättning och nedsatt glukos reglering. De depressiva subtyperna yhar visat sig ha skillnader i patofysiologin. Detta tyder möjligen på att de två subtyperna representerar skilda sjukdomsprocesser som har liknande symptomatologi

The Write Path, Best of First-Fourth Editions

https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/write_path/1004/thumbnail.jp

Sanctionable Behavior in a Felony Level Drug Court: Categorizing Noncompliant Behavior Through a Criminal-Thinking Lens

Drug courts use sanctions as a form of behavior management and modification, and they are an important structural tool in the treatment of drug offenders by the criminal justice system. This research examined noncompliant behavior being sanctioned in a felony level drug court. The sample consisted of 66 high risk/high needs individuals who were enrolled in a drug court over a two-year period. Sanctionable behaviors were analyzed through a criminal-thinking framework in order to better understand noncompliant behavior in drug court. This study finds support for applying a criminal-thinking framework to noncompliant behavior sanctioned in drug court. The findings from this study illustrate the nuances of noncompliant behavior of a drug court population

The Write Path, Third Edition

https://www.exhibit.xavier.edu/write_path/1002/thumbnail.jp

The effects of social skills training on the prevention of perceived stress, depression, and social anxiety of Taiwanese graduate students in the United States

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an Banduraian-based group social skills training in the prevention of stress, depression, and social anxiety of Taiwanese graduate students in the U.S.;The subjects of this study were 60 Taiwanese students recruited at four seminars sponsored by the Taiwan Ministry of Education, which aimed to prepare students for future overseas study. Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to the experimental condition and were trained with social skills before they left for U.S. The other thirty subjects were assigned to the control group without any treatment.;It was hypothesized that: (1) There would be a significant difference at the.05 level in subjects receiving pre-arrival social skills training as contrast with subjects receiving no treatment in their level of stress, depression, and social anxiety at the posttest (1 week after treatment); (2) There would be a significant difference at the.05 level in subjects receiving pre-arrival social skills training as contrast with subjects receiving no treatment in their level of stress, depression, and social anxiety at the follow-up (1 to 2 month after subjects\u27 arrival in U.S.).;The results indicated that participation in an Banduraian-based group skills training course for Taiwanese graduate students did not have short term effects on their perceived stress, depression, and social anxiety. However, results demonstrated a general trend toward more positive outcomes. Although there was also no evidence for the effectiveness of social skills training in the prevention of future perceived depression and social anxiety, the analysis of followup data revealed that the effects of social skills training on prevention of perceived stress for Taiwanese graduate students was supported

A PHENOMENOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF TIME TO PRESENTATION, DIAGNOSIS, AND TREATMENT FOR INDIANA FARMERS WITH PROSTATE CANCER AND MEASUREMENTS OF TRADITIONAL MASCULINITY IDEOLOGY

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, School of Public Health, 2020Introduction: The most common and second-deadliest cancer in the U.S. for men is prostate cancer (PCa). Extensive research shows that farmers have higher PCa incidence and mortality than nonfarmers. This study aims to better understand U.S. farmers’ increased risk of PCa by exploring care-seeking behaviors and masculinities in Indiana farmers with a history of PCa. Methods: Eleven farmers with a PCa history completed a questionnaire about their traditional masculinity beliefs and an interview focused on their PCa experiences, from signs and symptoms to after treatment. Interview questions were based on three theories, and the questionnaire was the 21-item Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF). Results: MRNI-SF results showed farmers endorsed traditional masculine norms. Specifically, they agreed with avoiding femininity, having negative attitudes towards sexual minorities, being self-reliant through mechanical skills, toughness, and sex being important. Farmers did not endorse men being dominant nor with men restricting emotions. Seven themes described farmers’ PCa experiences: the body was an occasional guide for detection, routine checkups were the primary method of suspicion, PSA-testing was a powerful predictor, biopsy was somewhat of a bugaboo, diagnosis put psychological health on display, healthcare professional characteristics and others’ experiences reigned paramount in treatment decisions, and treatments invoked physical concerns and side effects. Discussion: Farmers did not agree with men always dominating and restricting emotions, which does not reflect previous studies. More research is suggested utilizing the MRNI-SF with larger populations of farmers. Based on the themes, increased somatic awareness is suggested for farmers, as well as continued routine checkups and PSA-testing. Farmers also require improved health education and resources to prepare for a PCa biopsy, to cope with a diagnosis, to make treatment decisions, and to manage treatment symptoms