Syntactic reconstruction in Indo-European : the state of the art

Interest in syntactic reconstruction was implicit in the work of the founding fathers of the Comparative Method, including Franz Bopp and his contemporaries. The Neo-Grammarians took a more active interest in syntactic issues, concentrating especially on comparative descriptive syntax. In the 20th century, typologically-inspired research gave rise to several reconstructions of neutral word order for Proto-Indo-European. This work was met with severe criticism by Watkins (1976), which had the unfortunate effect that work on syntactic reconstruction reached a methodological impasse and was largely abandoned. However, the pioneering work of Hale (1987a), Garrett (1990) and Harris & Campbell (1995) showed that syntactic reconstruction could be carried out successfully. Currently, three different strands of work on syntactic reconstruction can be identified: i) the traditional Indo-Europeanists, ii) the generativists, and iii) the construction grammarians. The reconstructions of the two first strands are incomplete, either due to lack of formal representation, or due to the inability of the representational system to explicate the details of the form-meaning correspondences underlying any analysis of syntactic reconstruction. In contrast, Construction Grammar has at its disposal a full-fledged representational formalism where all aspects of grammar can be made explicit, hence allowing for the precise formulations of form-meaning correspondences needed to carry out a complete reconstruction. This is exemplified in the present paper with a reconstruction of grammatical relations for Proto-Germanic, involving a set of argument structure constructions and the subject tests applicable in the grammar of the proto-stage

GeoTrackNet-A Maritime Anomaly Detector using Probabilistic Neural Network Representation of AIS Tracks and A Contrario Detection

Representing maritime traffic patterns and detecting anomalies from them are key to vessel monitoring and maritime situational awareness. We propose a novel approach-referred to as GeoTrackNet-for maritime anomaly detection from AIS data streams. Our model exploits state-of-the-art neural network schemes to learn a probabilistic representation of AIS tracks, then uses a contrario detection to detect abnormal events. The neural network helps us capture complex and heterogeneous patterns in vessels' behaviors, while the a contrario detection takes into account the fact that the learned distribution may be location-dependent. Experiments on a real AIS dataset comprising more than 4.2 million AIS messages demonstrate the relevance of the proposed method

U-Flow: A U-shaped Normalizing Flow for Anomaly Detection with Unsupervised Threshold

In this work we propose a non-contrastive method for anomaly detection and segmentation in images, that benefits both from a modern machine learning approach and a more classic statistical detection theory. The method consists of three phases. First, features are extracted by making use of a multi-scale image Transformer architecture. Then, these features are fed into a U-shaped Normalizing Flow that lays the theoretical foundations for the last phase, which computes a pixel-level anomaly map, and performs a segmentation based on the a contrario framework. This multiple hypothesis testing strategy permits to derive a robust automatic detection threshold, which is key in many real-world applications, where an operational point is needed. The segmentation results are evaluated using the Intersection over Union (IoU) metric, and for assessing the generated anomaly maps we report the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC-AUC) at both image and pixel level. For both metrics, the proposed approach produces state-of-the-art results, ranking first in most MvTec-AD categories, with a mean pixel-level ROC- AUC of 98.74%. Code and trained models are available at https://github.com/mtailanian/uflow.Comment: 18 page

Asymmetric Feature Maps with Application to Sketch Based Retrieval

We propose a novel concept of asymmetric feature maps (AFM), which allows to evaluate multiple kernels between a query and database entries without increasing the memory requirements. To demonstrate the advantages of the AFM method, we derive a short vector image representation that, due to asymmetric feature maps, supports efficient scale and translation invariant sketch-based image retrieval. Unlike most of the short-code based retrieval systems, the proposed method provides the query localization in the retrieved image. The efficiency of the search is boosted by approximating a 2D translation search via trigonometric polynomial of scores by 1D projections. The projections are a special case of AFM. An order of magnitude speed-up is achieved compared to traditional trigonometric polynomials. The results are boosted by an image-based average query expansion, exceeding significantly the state of the art on standard benchmarks.Comment: CVPR 201

BEING AND BECOMING IN DIAGRAMS. Traces and protoforms as architectural subtext: from Deleuze to Eisenman

[EN] The use of diagrams as design tools has enriched recent architectural debate and has produced an alternative course for the process of ideation in architecture. However, diagrams and schemes are often confused with each other ignoring the constraints that the topological conceptualization of the latter entails. The paper attempts to examine the analytical and generative qualities of the diagrams using Eisenman¿s architecture and his theoretical discourse as a reference, while establishing the connections between his work and the philosophy of Deleuze. Half way between being and becoming diagrams differ from drawings or schemes operating as mediators between matter and form.[ES] La utilización de diagramas como herramientas de proyecto ha contribuido a enriquecer el debate arquitectónico reciente y han supuesto una vía alternativa en el proceso de ideación de la arquitectura. Sin embargo, a menudo se confunden diagramas y esquemas obviando las limitaciones que la conceptualización topológica de éstos últimos conlleva. El texto pretende analizar las cualidades analíticas y generativas de los diagramas tomando como referente la arquitectura y el discurso teórico de Eisenman, al tiempo que establece las conexiones que existen entre su obra y la filosofía de Deleuze. A caballo entre el ser y el devenir los diagramas se distinguen de los dibujos o los esquemas operando como mediadores entre la materia y la forma.Marcos, CL. (2011). SER Y DEVENIR EN LOS DIAGRAMAS. Huellas y protoformas como subtexto arquitectónico: de Deleuze a Eisenman. EGA. Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. 16(18):102-115. doi:10.4995/ega.2011.986SWORD102115161