1,601,839 research outputs found

    Causal structure of acoustic spacetimes

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    The so-called ``analogue models of general relativity'' provide a number of specific physical systems, well outside the traditional realm of general relativity, that nevertheless are well-described by the differential geometry of curved spacetime. Specifically, the propagation of acoustic disturbances in moving fluids are described by ``effective metrics'' that carry with them notions of ``causal structure'' as determined by an exchange of sound signals. These acoustic causal structures serve as specific examples of what can be done in the presence of a Lorentzian metric without having recourse to the Einstein equations of general relativity. (After all, the underlying fluid mechanics is governed by the equations of traditional hydrodynamics, not by the Einstein equations.) In this article we take a careful look at what can be said about the causal structure of acoustic spacetimes, focusing on those containing sonic points or horizons, both with a view to seeing what is different from standard general relativity, and to seeing what the similarities might be.Comment: 51 pages, 39 figures (23 colour figures, colour used to convey physics information.) V2: Two references added, some additional discussion of maximal analytic extension, plus minor cosmetic change

    Recent Developments in Aerial Hijacking: The Role of International Negotiation

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    I WOULD LIKE TO COMMENT on what Mr. McPherson has said from two different points of view. In the first place, I would like to talk about the development of air law, international air law, through the treaties he has mentioned. I would also like to talk a little bit about the fact that the air law problem is one with a minor exception referred to in the Montreal Sabotage Agreement,\u27 which really takes account of what you do with the hijacker after the hijacking has occurred, and you have him in your clutches. It does not talk too much about what you can do to prevent it; that comes through another avenue, another channel

    Mabadiliko ni maumbile yenyewe: The thematic and stylistic dynamism in S. A. Mohamed`s novel Utengano

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    The Swahili novel, a literary genre lately appeared in Tanzania, has undoubtedly found a brilliant and mature expression in the works of the Zanzibarian writer Said Ahmed Mohamed. His novel Utengano, published in 1980, is a unique work in the Swahili literary production of the Seventies and Eighties, with regard to both the themes treated and the very elaborated style of the author, who has given a dense and homogeneous quality to this genre, which is by definition open and composite, totally different from the short story, the organisation of different elements representing a challenge to the capacities of a writer in terms of composition. In this paper I will focus on a feature of Utengano which, in my view, points out to the good achievement of a novel, namely the author`s utterance of a leitmotiv or general abstract idea creating cross-references and symbolic relations between the different levels of a literary text. The leitmotiv I found in Utengano is the idea of dynamism, in other words motion, energy that produces changes, which permeates the whole work unifying the different levels of expression. These latter will be analysed separately to allow a clear exposition, but the dialectical relationship between the `what` and the `how´ represents the key to the reading of this novel

    Intentionality, a compulsory dimension of the nonverbal component of communication

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    [Abstract] One of the most important conditions for the adequacy of communication process is, as it’s well known, the intentionality, by which the information between transmitter and receiver takes place. This is the case for verbal component of communication. What about the nonverbal one, more exactly, do we consciously use, or do us not this language? And because the intentionality is based on conscious character of our inter-relations, it can be said that the communication occurs only when the transmitter send intentionally a message to the receiver. This would include speech and some nonverbal behaviors, such as different aspects pointing or attention maintaining. From the producing and receiving signs perspective, the intentional and conscious behavior might be differently approached. The tacit dimensions of communication may have an enormous impact for interlocutor further behavior and reactions. As Paul Watzlawick stated, the behavior might be “non-communicative” only if there is no other person around (in one way or another). Once the other person is present, the whole behavior becomes communicative. The paper aims to identify an answer to the following question: to what extent can we talk about intentionality, by referring to posture, gestures, and facial expressions, shortly, to nonverbal communication component? This is justified by different researches’ points of view: those who support this possibility and those ones who amend it. Another issue the present paper aims to approach is that that people send messages about them through body language, but not in a declarative manner, as part of a discourse; this raises some questions about nonverbal valence

    Mapping the epistemological diversity of Chinese medicine; a Q methodology study

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    The diversity of medical practice has been widely documented in ethnographic and historical studies; what remains is to map out that diversity. In this research how such diversity manifests is elicited through asking practitioners their perspectives of how biomedicine influences their Chinese medicine practice. This starting point is chosen since the global dominance of biomedicine inevitably impacts, to varying degrees, on Chinese medicine practices. Q methodology, a unique combination of quantitative and qualitative methods (that challenges such divisions) is chosen for its ability to attain and describe a wide diversity of different subjective perspectives on a topic. Furthermore, this method allows these to arise from the data without a priori definition by the researcher. However, whilst looking at subjective opinions it is not interested in who said what, but rather what is being said about the topic. For subjectivity is seen to be forged in the social milieu; what is of interest is how such opinions group. Acknowledging that Chinese medicine today is not, of course, contained within Chinese borders, international perspectives are sought. The commonly accepted view that the two medical systems, biomedicine and Chinese medicine, used together lead to greater clarity of the whole is challenged, on epistemological grounds, drawing on theories of knowing found in the Chinese medicine literature. Six distinct practices of Chinese medicine were found and described using the term enactment. It is proposed that practitioners can access the differing inter-subjectively formed Chinese medicines using the patient body as a boundary object. Through capturing the richness and complexity of various points of view this research can identify points of both conflict and consensus that can offer directions for future practice, education and particularly clinical research design. It offers a contribution to the Q methodology literature through applying method assemblage in the analysis of factors. Thus, the neutral zone is rendered as important in understanding the narrative of the factor as are the points of most and least agreement

    Representations of Children’s Voices about Their Health in Social Services Arguments in Support of Their Decision

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    Research points to the importance of involving children in social investigations, since their perception of their own situation and needs may differ from what others take to be the case. There is however no specific recommendation of how children’s voices should be inscribed in such investigations. This study explores if and how children’s voices are represented in the final part of the social investigations where social workers argue in support of their decision. It has a specific focus on how children’s voices about their health are included when, at the point of initiating an investigation, concerns have been raised about their physical and psychological well-being. Inspired by a social constructionist and discursive analytical approach we analyzed 60 arguments in as many social investigations. The findings are that children’s psychological-, physical health or general well- being was mentioned in 46 of the 60 argumentations. The child’s own thoughts about his or her health were represented in12 of these 46 arguments. Instead, children’s health was mostly represented by referrals to other persons. In those 12 arguments where children’s views are presented they were reported in different ways. Their view could, for example, be sparingly reported and be used in order to confirm a previous statement or opinion. Two of the cases go more into details about what the children actually have said about their health. We conclude that if the representation of the child’s own voice is excluded it is difficult to understand if and how children’s perspective of their health has been taken into consideration in the decision process

    Principios jurídicos de organización

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    Summarium Omnibus qUidem notum est Concilium Vaticanum 11 impulisse (multoties etiam instituisse) motum in Toto mutationum organorum in Ecclesia. Copiosa iIIa postconciliarls legum editio signum est manifestum pro dictis. Eiusmodi factum organizativum perpendi potest e diversis prospectibus. Nostra interest perpendere e solo prospectu organizativo, scilicet quod attinet ad technican (artem) definitam quae maiorem efficaciam prae• bet utilitati finium pastoralium. Ideo fit necessarium illam cognoscere technicam, i. e., iIIa iuridica principia quodlibet motum organizativum inspirantia. Hoc studium inseritur isti demum contextui. Cum elucet quonam consistunt, ut technice fertur, illa principia, tum quid eorundem applicatio afterat organizationi ecclesiasticae exponit. Agitur suggerentia criteriorum fundamentalium, generalium principiorum ac organizativae expostulationes quas sibi vindicat vel exigit, tempore hodierno, gravis conatus efficacem organizationem ecclesiasticam instituendi. In specie studet principiis luridicis, ut aiunt, deseentra'libationis, desconcentrationis organicae functionum, hierarchiae, coordinationis ac consultationis. Res his enuntiationibus inclusae sunt vere implicatae cum ad cardines eccleslasticae organizationis referantur. Summas quaestiones adet pro mutatione structura• rum potestatis, iurldlca eius exercitationis normativa, ecclesiastica gubernatione, necessaria unitate et coor• dlnatione, etc, Quaestlones qUidem actualissimae quipus primas deftert attentio, praesentlbus rerum adiunctis, et doctrinae et lpsae ecclesiastlcae auctoritatls. --------------------------------------------- Abstract As is well known, Vat. 11 has stimulated (and in many cases established) a movement of reforms in the Church, reflected in great part by the abundantpostconciliar legislation in this regard. Su eh a phenomenon can beevaluated from different points of view, but we would like to view it from a strictly organizational perspective, that is, insofart as it is a concrete technique which ofters a greater efficacy in the service of pastoral goals. A knowledge of said technique is therefore indispensable, insofar as it is composed of juridicalprinciples which inspire any organizational phenomenon. On the one hand this work emphasizes in what these principies consist technica•lly. and on the other hand, in what their application to eclesiastical organization carries with it. The author suggests basic criteria, general principies, and organizational factors which demand a serious attempt to establish an efficient ecclesiastical organization, in present-day circumstances. Included in the study are the so-called juridical principies of decentralization, organic desconcentration of functions, hiérarchy, coordination and consultation. The underlying issue is truly complex, referring as It does to capital points of ecclesiastical organization. Important questions are thus dealt with: the change of power structures, the juridical regulation of its exercise, ecclesiastical government, necessary unity and coordination, etc. AII in all, a truly relevant theme in present day life, concerning both doctrine and ecclesiastical authority

    Towards a Revised Approach to Designing From the Outside In: Contextualizing the Preliminary Proposal for the Fourth Addition to Bard College Library

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    Before creating the new, architects are faced with the existing. An enormous oak tree might be within the bounds of the site you’ve been hired to build a house on. Do you cut it down, or leave it? A tall brick building might be next door. Do you imitate its scale, its materiality, its style, or do you create something that looks entirely different? These kinds of questions, while perhaps always fundamental to architecture, were especially pertinent in mid-to-late-twentieth century debates surrounding “context” as architects like Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown challenged the conventions of “orthodox” Modern architecture. “Frank Lloyd Wright said architects should design from the inside out,” said Venturi in his 1991 acceptance speech for the Pritzker Architecture Prize. “But we now accept within our more complex view of things, as we acknowledge context as an important determinant of design, that we design from the inside out and the outside in.” But what constitutes the “outside?” And what did designing “from the outside in” mean to Robert Venturi? Using their 1990 addition at Bard College Library as a case study, the first part of this thesis investigates what “designing from the outside in” might have meant for Venturi, and, specifically, examines how his ideas about context in architecture intersected with the literal orchestration of movement of bodies through space. Beyond writing in the traditional essay format, I present a series of diagrams, images, and other architectural forms of representation alongside written commentary to communicate various findings of this research, the most striking being the extent to which the existing context — both inside and out — is physically inaccessible. Plans to create a fourth addition to the library have been expressed publicly in Bard’s 2017 Masterplan. The masterplan expresses needs for updates to circulation on campus in general, but does not integrate that into its brief for the “library expansion project”; its only mention of the circulatory needs of the building are expressed in terribly brief terms: “Pedestrian access from existing building. Reconfigured dock.” Yet it is clear that this site is an important node of the largely inaccessible network of paths with too-steep gradients and uneven surfaces. The brief for the project would better be framed in the following way: The fourth addition should consider both that there is pressure from the library to expand “inside-out.” And: That this site is also a nexus of circulation outside and around. In reinterpreting Venturi’s claim that architects “design from the inside out and outside in,” the ensuing conceptual design proposal attempts to address both the needs of the library in its expansion and the needs of its surrounding context, where the surrounding context is understood primarily as a network of inaccessible paths of circulation. Whereas the existing building has restricted movement due to its controlled points of entry and exit — in part by Venturi’s aesthetic intention, and in part by nature of it being a library which attempts to keep books secure — in my scheme for the fourth addition, myriad points of entry and exit blur the line between route and goal; one could go from “A” to “B,” but also from “C” to “E” and “F” back to “A” — all while following a playful network of accessible infrastructure that aims to open up new possibilities for the way human beings with various abilities relate to space

    The Mumbai Terrorist Attacks in Hotel Mumbai Film: A New Historicism Study

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    This study attempts to analyze the portrayal of the Mumbai attacks and the contradiction points in the Hotel Mumbai film. This film is made based on the true events of the Mumbai terrorist attacks in 2008. Related to these huge events, there are a lot of historical books that have covered the Mumbai terrorist attacks. The study aims to find the contradictive representation of the film based on the official history. This research was conducted by using a descriptive method and qualitative approach. In this research, the researcher took data from conversations of characters and the framing of mise-en-scene in the film. This study is conducted by applying a new historicism approach and intrinsic elements of literature, the researcher compares the official history and the film. Through the new historicism approach, the researcher discovers that the Hotel Mumbai film places a lot of differences. First, there is a difference regarding the characters positioning, Arjun’s character in the film is the amalgam of the real story of Karambir Kang and Amit Pashave. Second, there is a difference in the narrative structure of Zahra – Seyfi & Meltem in which Zahra’s character was not killed because she said two sentences of creed. While, as what is told in the historical record, there was a Turkish couple named Seyfi and Maltem Muezzinoglu who were held as hostages and witnessed the murder of another hostage but they were not killed by the terrorist because they prayed in Arabic loudly. Third, there is a very clear difference between the setting of place and time. The report Mumbai terrorist attacks in history happened in six places and lasted for four days, meanwhile, the portrayal in the film happened in three places and lasted for a day. Lastly, this film has picked up the narrative elements to show what has not been known by the public only by reading the official version of history. The goal is to show that a historical-based film can be aimed to gain equal representation of historical narratives from a different point of view

    Some simple mathematical models of tumor growth

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    Treballs Finals de Grau de Matemàtiques, Facultat de Matemàtiques, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2015, Director: Àlex HaroThe principal motivation of this final project is the interest in applied mathematics. Of all the courses I have studied the ones that have arouse my curiosity the most are Mathematical models and Dynamic systems and Differential equations. In particular, what I liked was the chance to extract conclusions from other sciences as physics or economics by mathematical study. For that reason, I have based my project on these fields. We also have to say these courses are much related to the mathematical modelling, so with this project I will be able to strength and increase my knowledge in all of these subjects. When the topic was proposed to me, it seemed interesting the possibility of introduce myself in the cancer’s study, since it is so present in the current society. Besides, it attracted attention to me the relation it could have with mathematics. Lots of times, what happens is that in different fields such as physics or chemistry, a topic is investigated but not in a deep mathematical way. In other words, it might be said that the relations between the different branches should be more joined for a better analysis of both. Therefore, this project is based on the understanding of several growth models of tumors based on differential equations and it is attempted to give a better mathematical explanation of the proposed models in the chapter 1 of the paper: Some mathematical models of tumor growth. Since I had only an unclear idea of what the cancer was at a biological level, it has been required to study in depth some references the paper was offering to understand the biological part. The project consist of three parts. The first one gives a brief introduction on what the cancer is, points out the types of tumors and which ones are studied and gathers some information of the impact of the cancer in our society. Furthermore, it gives an explanation of the relation of cancer and mathematics, and the important vocabulary required for a better understanding of the whole study. The second part explains the exhibited models biologically on the paper using its references and others that I thought they were interesting to extend the information. Beginning with the simplest models of one variable and continuing with three models of two variables. Adding references where necessary, for the interest of the reader to study the topic in depth. The aim of the third and final part is to understand mathematically the models exposed previously, show alternative proofs and extend results of, proof details that are left in, use a program to exemplify the results and obtain conclusions from a biological point of view
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