Innovation Ecosystems: A Sustainability Perspective

To be competitive, companies must develop capabilities that allow them to react rapidly to market demands. The innovation methods of the past are not adapted to the turbulence of the modern world. In the last decade, increasing globalization of markets and Industry 4.0 have caused profound changes in the best way to manage the innovation process. This e-book includes a collection of thirteen papers that discuss theoretical approaches, case studies, and surveys focused on issues related to open innovation and its mechanisms

Transformation Literacy

This open access book brings science and practice together and inspires a global movement towards co-creating regenerative civilizations that work for 100% of humanity and the Earth as a whole. With its conceptual foundation of the concept of transformation literacy it enhances the knowledge and capacity of decision-makers, change agents and institutional actors to steward transformations effectively across institutions, societal sectors and nations. Humanity is at crossroads. Resource depletion and exponential emissions that not only cause climate change, but endanger the health of people and planet, call for a decisive turnaround of human civilization. A new and transformative paradigm is emerging that advocates for regenerative civilizations, in which a narrative of systemic health as much as individual and collective vitality guide the interaction of socio-economic-ecological systems. Truly transformative change must go far beyond technical solutions, and instead envision what can be termed ‘a new operating system’ that helps humankind to live well within the planetary boundaries and partner with life’s evolutionary processes. This requires transformations at three different levels: · Mindsets that reconnect with a worldview in which human agency acknowledges its co-evolutionary pathways with each other and the Earth. · Political, social and economic systems that are regenerative and foster the care-taking for Earth life support systems. · Competencies to design and implement effective large-scale transformative change processes at multiple levels with multiple stakeholders. This book provides key ingredients for enhancing transformation literacy from various perspectives around the globe. It connects the emerging practice of stewarding transformative change across business, government institutions and civil society actors with the most promising scientific models and concepts that underpin human action to shape the future collectively in accordance with planetary needs.

Transformation Literacy

This open access book brings science and practice together and inspires a global movement towards co-creating regenerative civilizations that work for 100% of humanity and the Earth as a whole. With its conceptual foundation of the concept of transformation literacy it enhances the knowledge and capacity of decision-makers, change agents and institutional actors to steward transformations effectively across institutions, societal sectors and nations. Humanity is at crossroads. Resource depletion and exponential emissions that not only cause climate change, but endanger the health of people and planet, call for a decisive turnaround of human civilization. A new and transformative paradigm is emerging that advocates for regenerative civilizations, in which a narrative of systemic health as much as individual and collective vitality guide the interaction of socio-economic-ecological systems. Truly transformative change must go far beyond technical solutions, and instead envision what can be termed ‘a new operating system’ that helps humankind to live well within the planetary boundaries and partner with life’s evolutionary processes. This requires transformations at three different levels: · Mindsets that reconnect with a worldview in which human agency acknowledges its co-evolutionary pathways with each other and the Earth. · Political, social and economic systems that are regenerative and foster the care-taking for Earth life support systems. · Competencies to design and implement effective large-scale transformative change processes at multiple levels with multiple stakeholders. This book provides key ingredients for enhancing transformation literacy from various perspectives around the globe. It connects the emerging practice of stewarding transformative change across business, government institutions and civil society actors with the most promising scientific models and concepts that underpin human action to shape the future collectively in accordance with planetary needs.

The influence of invertebrate and microbial cross-community interactions on the nitrate removal function in the hyporheic zone

L'objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre comment la biodiversité influence le service de purification de la qualité de l'eau en tant que service de régulation capable de limiter la charge en polluants de l'eau naturelle. Peu d'études ont regardé comment les invertébrés (macro- et méio-faune) sont capables d'influencer le fonctionnement de la zone hyporhéique considérée, comme un réacteur biogéochimique contribuant largement au recyclage des nutriments. L'élimination du nitrate et la dénitrification sont utilisés comme indicateur de ce service dans les rivières afin de pouvoir suivre son évolution spatiale et temporelle. Dans cette thèse, la relation fonctionnelle entre le taux de réduction des nitrates et les organismes participant à l'expression de ce service est testée à différentes échelles d'étude allant du microcosme jusqu'à l'habitat hyporhéique d'un méandre de large rivière, la Garonne. Cette relation est mise en évidence dans une série de colonnes d'infiltration reproduisant le lit de rivière avec sa communauté benthique (projet Inbioprocess). Dans cette expérience, un gradient de biodiversité a été créé avec des combinaisons de communautés +/- biofilm, +/- méiofaune et +/- macrofaune pour tester leur influence sur l'élimination du nitrate avec et sans pesticides dans le cadre du projet Inbioprocess. Les résultats suggèrent l'influence des interactions entre communautés, sur le taux de réduction des nitrates qui est supérieur quand les invertébrés sont présents (11.8 ± 1.2) par comparaison avec les conditions sans invertébrés (7.7 ± 1.4 mg N l-1d-1 ; moyenne ± erreur standard (m ± ET)). Ces interactions ont également été suggérées comme favorisant le retour de la capacité de réduction des nitrates en présence de pesticides, utilisé comme source de stress, dans l'eau des microcosmes. Ces résultats de laboratoire montrent l'influence des interactions trophiques et non trophiques entre les différents niveaux trophiques de ce réseau, avec probablement l'implication des espèces les plus résistantes pour expliquer la capacité potentielle de résilience du système. L'existence de cette relation fonctionnelle de type "top-down" a ensuite été explorée en conditions in situ. Les taux de rétention mesurés dans 9 cours d'eau européens (projet STREAMES) ont été estimés à l'échelle du tronçon de rivière à 1.64 ± 2.39 (m ± ET) mg NO3--N m-2.min-1. L'influence des communautés d'invertébrés sur le taux de réduction des nitrates se révèle statistiquement comme aussi importante que celle des facteurs physicochimiques dans l'ensemble des tronçons explorés. L'étude des traits biologiques des communautés d'invertébrés a permis de préciser le type de communauté le plus corrélé aux processus d'élimination des nitrates. Ces organismes sont majoritairement interstitiels vivant dans les sédiments grossiers et avec des modes d'alimentation de type brouteurs de biofilm. Dans la zone hyporhéique de la zone humide alluviale de Monbéqui (projet Attenagua), la corrélation positive de la communauté d'invertébrés avec le taux de dénitrification a été seulement visible pendant automne. Cette période est considérée comme un moment propice pour l'observation de la relation diversité-fonction dans ce milieu. Ce moment arrive après une longue période de stabilité hydrologique et de faible débit dans la zone hyporhéique, quand les effets biologiques dépassent alors le contrôle exercé par l'hydrologie. Dans ce méandre, des gradients spatiaux de diversité d'invertébrés (Shannon de 0,6± 0.06 à 1,25 ± 0.1; m ± ET), du taux de dénitrification potentielle (de 0,5 ± 0, 14 à 13,6 ± 4,0 µg N2O-N h-1.g OM-1), de l'oxygène dissous, et des concentrations de carbone organique dissous, nitrate, et ammonium ont été enregistrés. Ces gradients permettent d'identifier les zones propices à l'expression de cette relation biodiversité - fonctions de l'écosystème (BEF) au niveau la ripisylve où la diversité des invertébrés et les taux de dénitrification sont élevés et sous faibles pressions des pesticides agricoles. Enfin une corrélation positive générale a été trouvé sur l'ensemble des saisons entre les compositions des communautés microbiennes et invertébrées. Finalement, ce travail a permis de démontrer l'existence d'une possible relation positive entre la diversité des communautés d'invertébrés, en terme de niveaux trophiques impliqués, et la fonction de réduction des nitrates dans la communauté d'eau souterraine, comme dans les tronçons de cours d'eau. L'influence de la diversité de méiofaune comme celle de la macrofaune sur le métabolisme et la diversité microbienne du biofilm est soulignée pour la régulation de la fonction de réduction des nitrates dans les sédiments des petits cours d'eau et dans la zone hyporhéique d'une rivière.This PhD study aims to understand how the biodiversity influences the water purification processes in the hyporheic zone of running water, as an important regulating service that reduces the quantity of pollutants in freshwater ecosystems. Few studies have focused on how the invertebrate community influences the functioning of hyporheic zones, which are considered as a biogeochemical reactor that largely contributes to nutrient cycling capacity of the rivers. Nitrate retention or denitrification functions in hyporheic zones are used as indicators for the water purification service. The relationship between the nitrate removal function and its associated biodiversity was tested at different scales from indoor microcosms to in-stream reaches and the hyporheic habitat of a large river (Garonne) meander, under natural and stressful conditions. First, the linkage between invertebrates and the nitrate (NO3-) removal function was given in evidence in a series of infiltration columns that mimicked the riverbed conditions with its benthic communities. A gradient of community diversity was created with biofilm, meiofauna and macrofauna communities' combination in different treatments. It enabled to test the influence of the invertebrate community on the NO3- removal rates with and without pesticides during the Inbioprocess project. The results implied the influence of invertebrate and microbial cross-community interactions on NO3- removal rates, which was higher with invertebrate communities in the sediments (11.8 ± 1.2) than without (7.7 ± 1.4 mg N.l-1.d-1). These findings suggested a top-down control of invertebrates on the microbial activities. These interactions were also depicted at the source of the recovery of the NO3- removal capacity when facing stressful conditions due to addition of pesticide in the experimental water. These laboratory findings highlighted the importance of multi-trophic level interactions in the hyporheic habitat, with probable implication of the more resistant species in the resilience capacity of this system. The occurrence of the top-down linkage was then explored in in situ habitats. The NO3- removal rates measured at the reach scale in 9 European streams during the STREAMES project ranged from 0.04 to 10.75 with an average of 1.64 ± 2.39 mg NO3--N m-2.min-1 (Mean ± SE). The results suggested that not only physico-chemical and hydrological factors, but also macro-invertebrate assemblages may influence nitrate removal. Some functional groups positively correlated with nitrate reduction were biofilm grazers and interstitial organisms associated with macro-porous substrate. In the hyporheic water of Monbequi meander of the Garonne river, the positive correlation between invertebrate diversity and the potential denitrification rates was only visible during the autumn season, suggesting a potential "hot moment" for the observation of this correlation between biodiversity and ecosystem function in fields. This moment occurs after a long period of hydrological stability and low discharge, when the biological effects might overweight hydrological effects on ecosystem functions. In this meander, significant spatial gradients of invertebrate diversity (Shannon ranging from 0.6± 0.06 to 1.25 ± 0.1), potential denitrification rates (ranging from 0.5 ± 0.14 to 13.6 ± 4.0 µg N2O-N h-1.g OM-1), dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, ammonium ion and nitrate concentrations, and conductivity were recorded. They permit to identify "hot places" for high biodiversity and denitrification rates, with low pesticide pressure and under the riparian forest. An overall positive correlation between invertebrates and bacterial community compositions was found over the four seasons. Overall, this work shows the existence of the positive relationship between the interactions of invertebrate and microbial cross-community in terms of the trophic level composition and the function of nitrate removal. The relevance of the meiofauna and macrofauna for the nitrate reduction function was highlighted in the hyporheic zone of meanders and riverbed sediments of stream reaches

III Congreso EuroSoTL: Explorando nuevos campos a través de un enfoque académico de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, 13-14 de junio de 2019, Bilbao, País Vasco

1185 p.EuroSoTL, el Congreso Europeo de Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, o Enfoque académico de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, está organizado en colaboración con el grupo europeo de la International Society for Scholarship of Teaching and Learning -ISSOTL- y la Red Estatatal de Docencia Universitaria -RED-U-. El congreso se celebró en el Bizkaia Aretoa de Bilbao (País Vasco) los días 13 y 14 de junio de 2019. Las personas participantes pudieron discutir e intercambiar experiencias en nuevas temáticas sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje en Educación Superior Tras dos celebraciones anteriores en Cork, Irlanda (2015) y Lund, Suecia (2017) este nuevo congreso ha permitido abrir una ventana para que el Enfoque académico de la Docencia y el Aprendizaje (SoTL) comience a ser conocido, tanto en el Estado español como en Latinoamérica, y que las comunidades científicas que trabajan en la innovación educativa de la Educación Superior encuentren un nuevo punto de conexión y encuentro