A developmental factor in Schilder's disease

A clinico- anatomical study, from the developmental aspect, of three cases of subacute diffuse cerebral solerosis,with a note about the demyelinating diseases generally, the developmental nervous disorders and the functional psychoses.In an introduction, attention was drawn to the special vulnerability of the tissues of bodily organs curing the morphogenetic phase of their development, to the specially prolonged morphogenesis of the nervous system and, in particular, to the continued morphogenesis of the cortical mantle of the human brain r ight up to full adult life. The extent of present ignorance, however, about the role in disease of late maturational processes in the human brain was emphasised, together with the importance of this topic for an adequate understanding not only of the so- call: :ed developmental nervous disorders of post natal life but of the more urgent problem of the functional psychoses. It was pointed out that, while further advances could be expected in the field of post natal cerebral histogenesis and the corresponding field of behavioural developments advances in the neuropathology of these conditions, which rarely come to autopsy, would probably be delayed. In the light of these observations the unique importance was emphasised of careful clinical and pathological studies, from an earlier stage than heretofore, of the rarer, more serious, diffusely acting, diseases of the still maturing brain. A clinical and pathological study, from the developmental aspect, of three cases of subacute diffuse sclerosis of the brain, occurring at widely different ages and studied clinically from an nnn,sually early stage, was offered as a contribution to this problem.In this study, an outline was first given of present knowledge about postnatal growth and maturation of the human brain during infancy, childhood and adolescence and of the behavioural development which it subserveswith special reference to the maturation of the cerebral white matter and its oligodendroglia. This was followed by full clinical and pathological accounts of the three original cases of subacute diffuse sclerosis. Then, in the light of the actual findings, the role of a developmental, myelinogenetic, tissue factor in subacute diffuse sclerosis was discussed and certain general conclusions drawn. In this discussion, a historical survey first outlined the development of interest in diffuse sclerosis and in particular drew attention to references in the literature which could be interpreted as suggesting that the onset of the disease might have a relationship to some terminal and peculiarly vulnerable stage in the maturation of myelin in the brain. Then, from the clinical aspect, it was pointed out that early symptoms though variable and inadequately studied, seemed to have a certain specificity for age of onset and that, more particularly, in the three cases described, it had been deterioration of the behavioural characteristic of the individual most actively maturing at the time which had constituted the initial disturbance. In the infant this had taken the form of a progressive failure, from the age of nine months, to learn to stand erect and to walk unaided, in the yalung schoolboy it had taken the form of a failure, from the age of six years, to complete the process of learning to read and in the case of the adolescent it had taken the form of failure, from the age of thirteen or fourteen years, to complete the emotional, intellectual and social maturation characteristic of that epoch. From the pathological aspect, the actual findings were found to be consistent with, and in certain particulars to confirm,in the light of present knowledge of the anatomical basis of these capacities, anatomical deductions from the clinical observations. From the aetiological aspect, little light was thrown upon specific cerebro- exogenous, genetic or constitutional tissue factors in the particular cases and, with regard to the possibility of a developmental tissue factor, the inadmissibility of drawing definite conclusions from the findings in only three cases was acknowledged. However, the rarity of diffuse sclerosis, and still more of its detailed clinical study from an early stage in patients of widely different ages, was pleaded as a valid reason for the argument that the findings suggested, and certainly were consistent with, the tentative hypothesis that the initial demyelination had taken place in regions of the white matter where some terminal phase in myelin maturation, possibly related to the metabolism of the neurokeratin proteolipids, had been most actively taking place.Certain even more tentative suggestions were finally put forward about an analogous developmental tissue factor in the demyelinating diseases generally, particularly in the concentric sclerosis of Balo and in multiple sclerosis. In particular, it was suggested that the hitherto unexplained tendency, in multiple sclerosis, to the formation of symmetrical lesions, could be explained on the basis of such a factor. Finally, there was brief reference to possible histogenetic factors in the develop: :mental nervous disorders, especially specific developmental dyslexia, and in the functional psychoses, particularly schizophrenia

Grotesque Inversions On Stage, In Film: Horrid Yet Curious, Fascinating Yet Alarming

Grotesque theatre is not a genre but a style of theatre made up of many strands which has been employed over many centuries beginning in Ancient Greece, particularly with Aristophanes and moving through time to the present. François Rabelais recognised the grotesque in Church Feasts, Festivals, Guild performances, sotties and farces. This thesis investigates through theatre and film the seven strands Bakhtin identifies: grotesque image, abusive language, grotesque madness, scatalogical humour, light, reversals and the lower bodily stratum (1984, pp. 24-41). In particular the thesis traces inversions in both theatre and film. These two mediums have been selected to compare and contrast the use of the grotesque in each, as they share two strong commonalities in acting and the requirement of scripts. Each chapter of this thesis deals with a script, and the last two chapters incorporate the use of a movie for contrast. The Introduction introduces the grotesque, offering an explanation of the styles of the grotesque as defined by Mikhail Bakhtin and Philip Thomson. Examples are shown in pictures. Chapter one explores two plays written by Eugene Ionesco: Amedée or How to Get Rid of It, and Rhinoceros. Chapter two moves back through time to Aristophanes' Lysistrata and explores the power women's bodies might have when men are in need. The third chapter investigates The Roaring Girl, written by Middleton and Dekker. This delves into the life of the character Moll Cutpurse and shows why Moll chose to dress as a man. Chapters four and five deal with the fantasy and the gothic elements in Frankenstein and Dracula respectively: focusing on bodily transformations; as well as the treatment of the monster and Dracula by society, and their treatment in turn of society. The grotesque is an intriguing style of theatre because it deals essentially with human nature and the human body in its imperfect and ever-changing form. The grotesque therefore lends itself to horror, comedy and exaggeration making it a style which does not have to be limited by strict parameters. The grotesque can be successfully woven into other genres such as the gothic or the absurd giving it even greater dimensions in storytelling, staging and special effects. Human beings are often torn between the gory or visually disturbing whilst needing the safety of the normal and acceptable. The grotesque offers both, which can make a scintillating piece of entertainment by fulfilling our needs at both ends of the emotional spectrum. Grotesque theatre therefore by its very nature is a style which will continue to exist so long as it keeps its patrons in suspense

Patterns of cognitive impairment in dementia

A series of studies is presented investigating characteristics of the cognitive impairments found in Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (DAT), Multi-Infarct Dementia (MID), and other neurological and psychiatric conditions causing cognitive impairment.ychiatric conditions causing cognitive impairment. Introductory material includes suitable definitions of the diagnostic conditions, descriptions of the nature of DAT and MID, and discussion of issues concerning whether important differences exist within the DAT category depending on the age at which the condition first appears.rst appears. The main initial study is a cross-sectional study of patterns of cognitive impairment, as assessed by a battery of neuropsychological tests, in groups of DAT and MID subjects of different ages and in a group of subjects with other conditions resulting in cognitive impairment. 58 DAT, 58 MID, and 58 other subjects are fully assessed; additional subjects receive only a short form of the test battery. Differences in patterns of cognitive impairment between diagnostic groups and between different age groups within diagnostic groups are described; the possible significance of these findings is discussed with reference to any possible artefacts arising from methodology or subject selection procedures.A follow-up study of samples of these groups involves a second neuropsychological assessment 10 months after the first. Patterns of decline in different groups are described, and efforts are made to identify predictors of the extent of decline over 10 months based on subjects' test performances or personal characteristics at initial assessment. The extent of decline shows considerable variation even within diagnostic groups, and is only rather weakly predictable using the information gathered at initial assessment.The remainder of the thesis comprises a number of relevant smaller studies. The first is an investigation of relationships between neuropsychological test performance and everyday functioning as assessed by a behaviour rating scale in ninety of the subjects initially tested as described above. The significance of the relationships found is discussed with reference to clinical psychological practice. The second is a study of short-term day to day variability in cognitive functioning in small groups of DAT and MID subjects involving three administrations of a brief test battery within a two-week period. Little variability is found in either group, and the notion that MED subjects characteristically fluctuate more from day to day than DAT subjects do is not supported. The rest of the studies involve detailed analyses of certain particular aspects of cognitive functioning in DAT, MID, and other cognitively impaired subjects. Same draw on data collected in the main initial study described above (previous presentation of such detailed analyses having been inappropriate when considering overall patterns of performance); others are separate experiments, with smaller numbers of subjects. The data presented principally concern aspects of memory, language function, and psychomotor performance. A variety of findings from these detailed analyses are noted and their importance discussed.Finally the findings of all the studies are reviewed and some tentative conclusions drawn

Washington University Record, February 17, 2006

https://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/record/2062/thumbnail.jp

The change that makes the movement that makes the Hemingway short story : a study in technique

This thesis commences from a statement concerning the conception of the short story made by Ernest Hemingway in a 1954 interview in which he stressed the importance of the elements of change and movement. The work contends that Hemingway, by a conscious effort, achieved change and movement and that, in so doing, he employed four literary devices: repetition, negative statement, objective epitome, shifting roles and positions. The progress or movement may be presented in a traditional plot, or it may be implied when the "plot" is minimal or non-existent. To examine this aspect of Hemingway's short story style, each device is considered individually with examples of its use in the short stories: Chapters One through Four examine the use of repetition, negative statement, objective epitome, and shifting roles and positions, respectively. The final chapter, Chapter Five, takes a collective view of these devices and briefly considers the influences on Hemingway which may account for his knowledge of them. The most effective use of repetition in Hemingway's short stories is the concentrated use of a word or phrase within a single paragraph. In this method the word itself reveals a change; the word takes on a more specific meaning as the paragraph advances. Another method is that of repeating a word or phrase until there is "change and movement" in that the word becomes an image, and the story is developed as the image conveys the meaning and emotion of the story

Arregui v. Gallegos-Main Clerk\u27s Record v. 1 Dckt. 38496

https://digitalcommons.law.uidaho.edu/idaho_supreme_court_record_briefs/4176/thumbnail.jp

Cochlear implants and codas: the impact of a technology on a community

There has been a great amount of debate between the medical community and the Deaf community regarding cochlear implants. Indeed, some factions of the Deaf community have reacted with hostility to the development of the technology and have protested its implementation. Existing literature examines Deaf individuals' perceptions of cochlear implants, however there has been a significant lack of academic attention paid to the hearing children of deaf adults (codas). As children of deaf parents, codas grow up simultaneously inhabiting two worlds: the Deaf world of their parents and the hearing world of their peers. It is codas' unique position and loyalties between the Deaf world and the hearing world that make them important to the cochlear implant debate. This study investigates codas' perceptions of cochlear implantation using standard ethnographic methods, including in-depth, open-ended interviewing with codas, and immersion in the research population through ongoing participant-observation at a deaf school. The findings suggest that (1) codas' interstitial identity impacts their perceptions of and attitudes towards cochlear implantation and (2) cochlear implants have contributed to a refinement of Coda identity in relation to the Deaf community

Unthink pink : master narratives and counterstories of breast cancer.

This work examines the construction and impact of the master narrative breast cancer which is supported and reified by the contemporary breast cancer awareness movement. I contend that historical problematic constructions of the female body were interwoven with the beginning of the movement around the turn of the twentieth century. As a partial result, the female body with breast cancer is abject, and therefore subject to policing and discipline. The master narrative of breast cancer, through pinkwashing, enacts this policing and discipline. The master narrative expresses several distinct messages which may be exclusive of the experiences of many people, causing those dealing with breast cancer to struggle to reconstruct their identity in the wake of the illness, and potentially creating epistemic injustice in which the moral agency of those subject to the master narrative is reduced. Through counterstories of breast cancer which resist and replace the master narrative, those who are subject to the master narrative attempt to be included in public discourse, reconstruct their identities, and restore moral v agency. I argue that, for this reason, we, as a culture, must bear witness to these counterstories