14 research outputs found
Using contextual information to understand searching and browsing behavior
There is great imbalance in the richness of information on the web and the succinctness and poverty of search requests of web users, making their queries only a partial description of the underlying complex information needs. Finding ways to better leverage contextual information and make search context-aware holds the promise to dramatically improve the search experience of users. We conducted a series of studies to discover, model and utilize contextual information in order to understand and improve users' searching and browsing behavior on the web. Our results capture important aspects of context under the realistic conditions of different online search services, aiming to ensure that our scientific insights and solutions transfer to the operational settings of real world applications
Applied Information Systems Research Program (AISRP). Workshop 2: Meeting Proceedings
The Earth and space science participants were able to see where the current research can be applied in their disciplines and computer science participants could see potential areas for future application of computer and information systems research. The Earth and Space Science research proposals for the High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) program were under evaluation. Therefore, this effort was not discussed at the AISRP Workshop. OSSA's other high priority area in computer science is scientific visualization, with the entire second day of the workshop devoted to it
Students´ language in computer-assisted tutoring of mathematical proofs
Truth and proof are central to mathematics. Proving (or disproving) seemingly simple statements often turns out to be one of the hardest mathematical tasks. Yet, doing proofs is rarely taught in the classroom. Studies on cognitive difficulties in learning to do proofs have shown that pupils and students not only often do not understand or cannot apply basic formal reasoning techniques and do not know how to use formal mathematical language, but, at a far more fundamental level, they also do not understand what it means to prove a statement or even do not see the purpose of proof at all. Since insight into the importance of proof and doing proofs as such cannot be learnt other than by practice, learning support through individualised tutoring is in demand.
This volume presents a part of an interdisciplinary project, set at the intersection of pedagogical science, artificial intelligence, and (computational) linguistics, which investigated issues involved in provisioning computer-based tutoring of mathematical proofs through dialogue in natural language. The ultimate goal in this context, addressing the above-mentioned need for learning support, is to build intelligent automated tutoring systems for mathematical proofs. The research presented here has been focused on the language that students use while interacting with such a system: its linguistic propeties and computational modelling. Contribution is made at three levels: first, an analysis of language phenomena found in students´ input to a (simulated) proof tutoring system is conducted and the variety of students´ verbalisations is quantitatively assessed, second, a general computational processing strategy for informal mathematical language and methods of modelling prominent language phenomena are proposed, and third, the prospects for natural language as an input modality for proof tutoring systems is evaluated based on collected corpora
Transnational writing program administration: mobility, entanglement, work.
This dissertation advances the global turn in writing studies by examining academic mobilities through an ethnographic study of transnational writing program administrative (TWPA) work outside of the United States. The literature review reads global writing studies scholarship through a critical-transnational lens to locate the gap for new knowledge in TWPA work. Influenced by Dorothy Smithâs Institutional Ethnography, this dissertation grounds the findings of its interview-based study in the terms of everyday lived experiences by internationally mobile scholars currently doing WPA work in order to construct more nuanced narratives of navigation and sensemaking. Participants discussed the consequences and limitations of us/them or local/global binaries, traced commitments and policies across time and space, then accounted for and described the labor required to resist stable notions of difference. The study contributes terms and anecdotes for depicting TWPA sensemaking work as shifting, ever-changing, partial, layered, and complex. The core findings are theorizations of mobility and transnationality through discursive work, relative mobility, scaling practices, and co-constituted space
Anaphora Resolution and Text Retrieval
Empirical approaches based on qualitative or quantitative methods of corpus linguistics have become a central paradigm within linguistics. The series takes account of this fact and provides a platform for approaches within synchronous linguistics as well as interdisciplinary works with a linguistic focus which devise new ways of working empirically and develop new data-based methods and theoretical models for empirical linguistic analyses
Sayings of the Ancestors: The Spiritual Life of the Sibundoy Indians
The Sibundoy Valley of Colombia is a South American microcosm,
an indigenous cradle and crossroads, that has so far eluded thorough
ethnographic description. In the following pages I offer an account
of the spiritual life of its native peoples, a life marked by the unflagging
quest for spiritual indemnity. The story is told primarily
in the words of the Sibundoy peoples themselves, in their "sayings
of the ancestors," in their glosses on the sayings, and in a parallel
corpus of mythic narrative that provides the conceptual scaffolding
for this spiritual edifice
Anaphora Resolution and Text Retrieval
Empirical approaches based on qualitative or quantitative methods of corpus linguistics have become a central paradigm within linguistics. The series takes account of this fact and provides a platform for approaches within synchronous linguistics as well as interdisciplinary works with a linguistic focus which devise new ways of working empirically and develop new data-based methods and theoretical models for empirical linguistic analyses
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Joining Forces in Technology: Three Analytical Case Studies of Early Corporate-Sponsored Electronic Music
The close of World War II and the advent of the Cold War had effects far beyond the oft-explored realms of global alliances and domestic policy; this dissertation traces a path exploring how these grand geopolitical factors, and accompanying patterns in knowledge production, filtered from the larger intellectual climate to more localized cultural and artistic trends. I seek to show how application-focused trends in postwar knowledge and technology production (termed âMode 2â by Michael Gibbons, Camille Limoges, Helga Nowotny, et al. in their 1994 book, The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies) found an avenue into avant-garde art through the bourgeoning field of electronic music. This represents a break with historical trends, since the arts have generally functioned within older, discipline-focused, patronage-based models.In addition to exploring how the historical context of the early Cold War informed the development of knowledge production generally, and electronic music specifically, I focus on three composers' activities at early electroacoustic studios in the years 1955-1965, as well as their accompanying sponsors: Milton Babbitt and the RCA Synthesizer at the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Studio; Mauricio Kagel at the Siemens Studio for Electronic Music in Munich; and Toru Takemitsu at Sony's Electronic Music Studios in Tokyo. I hope to show how the broader intellectual climate of the United States and its satellites in the early Cold War period helped to shape both how a number of electroacoustic music studios were established, and how music was conceived of and composed there. Ultimately, I also aim to understand how these pieces fit into their composers' larger output and individual artistic goals, while at the same time using these cases to develop a more nuanced understanding of the broader cultural significance of early electronic music
HOW WOMEN MAKE - exploring female making practice through Design Anthropology.
This thesis explores the process of female making as a creative and socio-political act and how/where/why this creative labour gets âspentâ, in terms of energy, outcomes and beneficiaries as well as how it might be situated in the context of contemporary Western Design ontology.
Fieldwork took place over a period of 10 Months, with 11 female participants in two countries, during a number of repeat encounters, which included co-making, participant and ethnographic observations as well as informal interviews. The findings are presented as focused narratives based on three of the participants, through a series of ethnographic/auto-ethnographic accounts, which each conclude in a discussion based on my thematic analysis of that particular womanâs making.
Drawing on the fieldwork with all 11 women, the three chapters which follow weave together data and theory into thematic discussions and analysis. The research documents and makes visible both the womenâs making practices and things acting upon it, through observations of the participants making, and conversations and co-making with participants. A design anthropological approach of âanthropology as correspondenceâ (Gatt & Ingold, 2013; Ingold 2013a) informed all data collection, with informal interviews providing the core data and focus of analysis, supported by analysis of visual data such as photography and moving image, as well as field notes and reflective auto-ethnographic writing, based on my experiences with the women and their making.
As a design anthropological study, it situates and analyses female creative practices in a broader human âmakingâ context, whilst utilising a range of ethnographic, practice-led and co-creative methods, situated within a framework of a feminist inquiry and design discourse. Key theorists informing the analysis are Karen Barad (2007, 2008), Elizabeth Grozs (1999, 2010), Erin Manning (2016), Doreen Massey (2005) and Tim Ingold (2007, 2013a), whilst building on the work of Rozsika Parker and Griselda Pollock (1981), Cheryl Buckley (1986) and Sheila Rowbotham (1973/a, 1973/b), amongst many others. Key theories triangulated within the discussion and analysis stem from Material Feminism, Design Anthropology and Design Theory. This triangulation, woven around and into the observations and accounts of lived experiences, forms an emergent proposition which considers how female enactments of creative labour can provide us with ways to critique and un-ravel contemporary Design ontology, its modes of production and consumption.
Drawing on post-capitalist scholars such as Kathy Weeks (2011), amongst others, and the writing of Raoul Vaneigem (1967/2006), the penultimate chapter âImplication for Design Pedagogyâ discusses why the implication my findings should be considered in relation to design pedagogy and education yet to come, and to âfutures yet unthoughtâ (Grosz, 1999)