Unmet goals of tracking: within-track heterogeneity of students' expectations for

Educational systems are often characterized by some form(s) of ability grouping, like tracking. Although substantial variation in the implementation of these practices exists, it is always the aim to improve teaching efficiency by creating homogeneous groups of students in terms of capabilities and performances as well as expected pathways. If students’ expected pathways (university, graduate school, or working) are in line with the goals of tracking, one might presume that these expectations are rather homogeneous within tracks and heterogeneous between tracks. In Flanders (the northern region of Belgium), the educational system consists of four tracks. Many students start out in the most prestigious, academic track. If they fail to gain the necessary credentials, they move to the less esteemed technical and vocational tracks. Therefore, the educational system has been called a 'cascade system'. We presume that this cascade system creates homogeneous expectations in the academic track, though heterogeneous expectations in the technical and vocational tracks. We use data from the International Study of City Youth (ISCY), gathered during the 2013-2014 school year from 2354 pupils of the tenth grade across 30 secondary schools in the city of Ghent, Flanders. Preliminary results suggest that the technical and vocational tracks show more heterogeneity in student’s expectations than the academic track. If tracking does not fulfill the desired goals in some tracks, tracking practices should be questioned as tracking occurs along social and ethnic lines, causing social inequality

Living on the edge: Gender relations, climate change and livelihoods in the villages of Maryut and Nubia, Egypt

Most climate change literature tends to downplay the gendered nature of vulnerability and adaptation. At best, gender is discussed in terms of the male-female binary, seen as opposing forces rather than in varying relations of interdependency. Such construction can result in the adoption of maladaptive policy presenting culturally unfit gender-blind interventions. In Egypt, which is highly vulnerable to climate change, gender analysis of how intra- and inter-household relations shape people’s adaptive responses is non-existent. This thesis addresses this important research gap by asking ‘How do gender relations influence vulnerability and adaptation to climate-related stresses in a rural Egyptian context of multiple risks, shocks and stresses?’ Drawing on gender analysis of social relations (Kabeer, 1994, Jackson, 2007, Sen, 1987), based on the notion of multiple and intersecting roles and identities, and framed within an understanding of sustainable livelihoods (Ellis, 2000, Scoones, 1998), I position climate change within a broader spectrum of political, sociocultural, economic and environmental influences on people’s livelihoods. During 16 months of fieldwork I used multiple ethnographic methods to collect data from two culturally and ethnically diverse low-income villages; Nubia in Aswan in Egypt’s Nile valley and Maryut in Alexandria in the Nile Delta. My main argument is that experiences of and responses to climate change are closely intertwined with gender and wider social relations in the household and community. These are shaped by local gendered ideologies and cultures that are embedded in conjugal relations, kinship, and relationship to the environment, as compared across the two villages. In Nubia, kinship (based on matrilineal and matrilocal ties) and its resulting intergenerational local knowledge of the environment and its changes, as well as mutual support networks, figure as the most significant influences mediating gendered adaptation. In Maryut, I argue that this mostly patrilocal nuclear family setting tends to make individuals and households less able to adapt. In this study I strongly argue that these sociocultural gendered issues should be at the heart of adaptation discourses, policy and interventions

Esa 12th Conference: Differences, Inequalities and Sociological Imagination: Abstract Book

Esa 12th Conference: Differences, Inequalities and Sociological Imagination: Abstract Boo

Negoitation in Modernity : The BAZNAS (National Zakat Collection Agency) and the Philosophy of Zakat (Alms) Socialization in Indonesia

To pay Zakat (alms) is an obligation for a Muslim. However, this religious obligation cannot encourage Muslims in Indonesia to pay Zakat. In fact, in several cities, some Zakat organizations are established to collect the zakat. Some of them is the BAZNAS which is spread in most cities in Indonesia. In fact, this organization is a semi-government because there are some collaborations between the BAZNAS and local government in most regions. This collaboration indicates also that it tries to get benefit from the modern and established government structure. This article aims to know the BAZNAS negoitation with modernity, specifically it wants to deal with the BAZNAS zakat socialization. Using a case study, this article finds that the zakat organization like the BAZNAS Kepulauan Meranti Indonesia deals with a complicated negoitation with modernity through its zakat socialization. In fact, there is a religious understanding among Muslims there that to pay zakat is an obligation but it cannot deal with their religious awareness to pay zakat. This article identifies that disseminating the zakat payment obligation is a never ending project. The BAZNAS improves Muslim understanding about Zakat through socialization. Some socialization activities done are using modern instruments but some are not. Keywords : Zakat, BAZNAS (National Zakat Collection Agency), Socialization

BEHAVIOUR AND PARTICIPATION OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS AS LOCAL ACTORS IN POLICY IMPLEMENTATION IN DENPASAR

This research is entitled “Behaviour and Participation of Local Community Organizations as Local Actors in Policy Implementation in Denpasar” Denpasar city as one of a Metropolis City is a dense city with a high heterogeneity with all of its development policy problems. A development that can fulfill the citizen needs is a demand that can not be postponed again in this area of regional autonomy. However, in practice, this often encountered many obstacles and problems. Ideally, regional development should involve community participation and based on the neds of citizen itself. Observation methods used by the autor is qualitative descriptive method. The data source obtained from aspect of place, person, and paper. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The role and participation of community organizations in the city of Denpasar in policy implementation in the city of Denpasar is required by the government to create a synergy of development in the city of Denpasar. Each actor reveals that there is still a lot of the problems that exist in the city of Denpasar, its because Denpasar itself which is now evolving into a dense city with large numbers of immigrants, with all of that problems it really needs synergy between the parties in order to solve it. Based on this observation, as a form of the problematic solution that there are methods of public organizations participation is one that is expected to be implemented. The most expected to be implemented. The most expected participation of actors involved in a variety of policy implementation in the city of Denpasar is the public organization

DIGITAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Digital system with its programssuch website, SMS center, e- paper, one stop permit service, electronic identity card,e-planning, e-budgeting, e-procurement, ewarehouse can enhance regional budget managementsystem, legal assurance and order to rules of lawfor local government apparatuses in perfomingtheir duties, with the digital system, effectiveness and efficiency in works can be enhanced too. Digital system that gives transparence space at last can enhance responses of the apparatuse, the society as the sovereignty holder are also given the same space equality in gaining services from the local government apparatuses