Control-law for Oil Spill Mitigation with a team of Heterogeneous Autonomous Vehicles

Oil spill incidents in the sea or harbours occur with some regularity during exploration, production, and transport of petroleum products. In order to mitigate the impact of the oil spill in the marine life, immediate, safety, effective and eco-friendly actions must be taken. Autonomous vehicles can assume an important contribution by establishing a cooperative and coordinated intervention. This dissertation presents the development of two path planning control-laws, the first one an autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) being able to contour the oil spill while s deploying microorganisms and nutrients (bioremediation) capable of mitigate and contain the oil spill spread, and the second one for a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in order to perform the coverage of the entire spillage area with the same microorganisms and nutrients deployment capabilities. In order to validate both methods, a simulation environment was developed in Gazebo with a oil spill scenario, an ASV and an UAV. Field tests have been conducted in the Leixões Harbour in Porto, Portugal.Incidentes relacionados com derrames de petróleo no oceano ou em portos ocorrem com alguma regularidade, durante a exploração, produção e transporte de petróleo e seus derivados. Para mitigar o impacto desses derramamentos na fauna e flora marinha de uma forma imediata, segura, efectiva e amiga do ambiente novas ações são necessárias. Veículos autónomos podem providenciar uma importante contribuição estabelecendo uma intervenção cooperativa e coordenada. Esta dissertação apresenta o desenvolvimento de dois algoritmos de controlo para o planeamento de trajectórias, a primeira para um veículo de superfície autónomo (ASV) ser capaz de contornar o perímetro do derrame enquanto distribui microorganismos e nutrientes (bio-remediação), capazes de mitigar e conter a propagação do derramamento de petróleo e a segunda para um veículo aéreo não-tripulado (UAV) ser capaz de cobrir todo a área de derrame enquanto distribui os mesmos microorganismos e nutrientes. De forma a validar ambos os métodos, um ambiente de simulação foi desenvolvido em Gazebo com cenário do derrame de petróleo, um ASV e um UAV. Testes de campo foram realizados no porto de Leixões, no Porto, Portugal

A Comprehensive Review on Autonomous Navigation

The field of autonomous mobile robots has undergone dramatic advancements over the past decades. Despite achieving important milestones, several challenges are yet to be addressed. Aggregating the achievements of the robotic community as survey papers is vital to keep the track of current state-of-the-art and the challenges that must be tackled in the future. This paper tries to provide a comprehensive review of autonomous mobile robots covering topics such as sensor types, mobile robot platforms, simulation tools, path planning and following, sensor fusion methods, obstacle avoidance, and SLAM. The urge to present a survey paper is twofold. First, autonomous navigation field evolves fast so writing survey papers regularly is crucial to keep the research community well-aware of the current status of this field. Second, deep learning methods have revolutionized many fields including autonomous navigation. Therefore, it is necessary to give an appropriate treatment of the role of deep learning in autonomous navigation as well which is covered in this paper. Future works and research gaps will also be discussed

Transport 2040 : analysis of technical developments in transport - maritime, air, rail and road

A number of technical and socio-technical factors are driving the development and adoption of automation. The report, Transport 2040: Automation, Technology, Employment – The Future of Work, provided an overview of the most important trends forecasted to affect the global transport sector by 2040. This current report provides additional details of that assessment. The research conducted is guided by a transport-technology analytical model that provides a structure for a systematic review across different modes of transport. This report reviews, in particular, the transportation technology through the lens of transport vehicles (e.g. ships, trucks, trains, aircraft) and the technical infrastructure that is needed for the operation of the vehicle (e.g. waterways and harbours, roads, railway tracks and freight terminals, as well as controlled airspace and airports).https://commons.wmu.se/lib_reports/1076/thumbnail.jp

MULTI-AGENT UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLE VALIDATION VIA ROLLING-HORIZON ROBUST GAMES

Autonomy in unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) navigation is critical for most applications due to inability of human operators to control, monitor or intervene in underwater environments. To ensure safe autonomous navigation, verification and validation (V&V) procedures are needed for various applications. This thesis proposes a game theory-based benchmark validation technique for trajectory optimization for non-cooperative UUVs. A quadratically constrained nonlinear program formulation is presented, and a "perfect-information reality" validation framework is derived by finding a Nash equilibrium to various two-player pursuit-evasion games (PEG). A Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point to such a game represents a best-case local optimum, given perfect information available to non-cooperative agents. Rolling-horizon foresight with robust obstacles are incorporated to demonstrate incomplete information and stochastic environmental conditions. A MATLAB-GAMS interface is developed to model the rolling-horizon game, and is solved via a mixed complementarity problem (MCP), and illustrative examples show how equilibrium trajectories can serve as benchmarks for more practical real-time path planners

Reference Model for Interoperability of Autonomous Systems

This thesis proposes a reference model to describe the components of an Un-manned Air, Ground, Surface, or Underwater System (UxS), and the use of a single Interoperability Building Block to command, control, and get feedback from such vehicles. The importance and advantages of such a reference model, with a standard nomenclature and taxonomy, is shown. We overview the concepts of interoperability and some efforts to achieve common refer-ence models in other areas. We then present an overview of existing un-manned systems, their history, characteristics, classification, and missions. The concept of Interoperability Building Blocks (IBB) is introduced to describe standards, protocols, data models, and frameworks, and a large set of these are analyzed. A new and powerful reference model for UxS, named RAMP, is proposed, that describes the various components that a UxS may have. It is a hierarchical model with four levels, that describes the vehicle components, the datalink, and the ground segment. The reference model is validated by showing how it can be applied in various projects the author worked on. An example is given on how a single standard was capable of controlling a set of heterogeneous UAVs, USVs, and UGVs