903 research outputs found
Multivalued current-phase relationship in a.c. Josephson effect for a three-dimensional Weyl semimetal WTe
We experimentally study electron transport between two superconducting indium
leads, coupled to a single WTe crystal, which is a three-dimensional Weyl
semimetal. We demonstrate Josephson current in long 5~m In-WTe-In
junctions, as confirmed by the observation of integer (1,2,3) and fractional
(1/3, 1/2, 2/3) Shapiro steps under microwave irradiation. Demonstration of
fractional a.c. Josephson effect indicates multivalued character of the
current-phase relationship, which we connect with Weyl topological surface
states contribution to Josephson current. In contrast to topological insulators
and Dirac semimetals, we do not observe periodicity in a.c. Josephson
effect for WTe at different frequencies and power, which might reflect
chiral character of the Fermi arc surface states in Weyl semimetal.Comment: the text is seriously corrected. arXiv admin note: text overlap with
arXiv:1801.0955
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Structure identification in relational data
This paper presents several investigations into the prospects for identifying meaningful structures in empirical data, namely, structures permitting effective organization of the data to meet requirements of future queries. We propose a general framework whereby the notion of identifiability is given a precise formal definition similar to that of learnability. Using this framework, we then explore if a tractable procedure exists for deciding whether a given relation is decomposable into a constraint network or a CNF theory with desirable topology and, if the answer is positive, identifying the desired decomposition. Finally, we address the problem of expressing a given relation as a Horn theory and, if this is impossible, finding the best k-Horn approximation to the given relation. We show that both problems can be solved in time polynomial in the length of the data
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