Biocoal Characterization as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative Energy Innovation Composite Variations of Gasified Char with Coconut Shell Charcoal

In accordance with the mandate of the Regulation of the Indonesian Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources for the use of cleaner coal through coal gasification projects, in the future the coal gasification industry will produce char as a by-product. This study aims to characterize coal gasification char using a prototype underground coal gasification (UCG) and the addition of coconut shell charcoal biomass as a raw material for making biobriquettes. By using coal as raw material from the Muara Tiga Besar Mine of PT Bukit Asam, five kinds of coal samples from different layers were obtained, which from the characterization results, both coal and char, did not have too significant deviations so that the research variables could be ignored. The results of the characterization of char from coal gasification results compared to the initial sample of coal showed an increase in calorific value, a decrease in sulfur content and a significant decrease in water content, so it can be concluded that char from coal gasification has good potential as a raw material for biobriquettes. By using char and coconut shell charcoal with the ratio of variations in the composition of char and coconut shell compositions is 100%:0%; 75%:25%; 50%:50%; 25%:75% and 0%:100% carried out the briquetting process. The results of the biobriquette characterization met the criteria of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 01-6235-2000 and Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources regulation No. 047 of 200

Advances in the utilization of waste materials and alternative sources of energy in clay brick making : a South Tyrolean case study investigating environmental and financial impacts

The background to this research program was the need to investigate novel technologies and their application to fired ceramic processes that would facilitate the return to profitability for a small size brick maker. The company, Gasser Brick Company. Ziegel Gasser Mattoni GmbH S.r.l., in Natz-Schabs (Naz-Sciaves) in the north of Italy, is a relatively small manufacturer producing < 20,000 metric tons of brick per year. In this thesis the economic, environmental and social advantages consequent to a complete review of the approach to the company’s manufacture of cored clay bricks are discussed, including energy saving measures and the use of novel fuel and clay body supplements. A number of wide ranging novel technical modifications to the production processes of the Gasser Brick company have been tested, evaluated, reviewed, compared, and critically evaluated. The approach includes the utilization of a substantial percentage of various wastes as part-substitution of, or as an addition to, quarried raw materials and also the use of renewable and alternative fuels as a substitute for fossil fuels. A number of these modifications have resulted in beneficial changes to the product and the efficiency of the production process and considerably reduced the environmental footprint of the operation. Process modifications and the technological improvements to production equipment are explained and discussed along with detailed information about the measures that enabled the Gasser Brick company to return the profitability. The modifications resulted in a substantial increase of income. Revenues from waste gate fees are about 30% of the total turnover of the company. Costs for thermal energy dropped by 2/3: A ton of boiler oil commanded a price of 220 - 245 €/ton versus the around 80 €/ton of rendering fat.EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Guidebook of reed business

TäistekstExpanding reed beds along the Northern Baltic Sea pose a challenge to both coastal residence and natural biodiversity. When overgrowing recreational areas along the coastal areas, reeds trouble surface water quality, boating and swimming and thus, bring forth the need to get rid of reed where it is concerned as a nuisance. On the other hand, reed is known to have a huge potential in many aspects: it can serve as a non-crop energy species, and the material is excellent in in many ways construction. A joint three-year Cofreen -project was established to promote this goal. It was funded by the EU’s Central Baltic INTERREG IVA 2001-2013 Programme, and was led by the Turku Universi-ty of Applied Sciences. Consortium consisted of 7 partners from Finland, Estonia and Latvia. Cofreen relied on the existing knowledge of the previous reed projects and brought that together with the added new perspectives to utilization and reed business possibilities. To enable substantial reed utilization, first we need to recognize the obstacles in reed harvesting and integrated land management. Secondly, logistics and end users have to be identified and opti-mized to achieve a successful production chain. What is finally left under the line holds often oth-er than monetary values in sound accordance with economical values. This Guidebook offers visions to wide range reed utilization possibilities and preconditions. Reed issues have been our long-term interest and solutions have been developed to achieve multiple benefits for the region, environment and markets. Increasing awareness of the wide range poten-tial of reed biomass opens a chance to concrete business opportunities. Shifting from fossil based to bio-based economy is widely acknowledged, and partner organizations in Cofreen are more than willing to promote this goal. Turku 5.6.2013 On behalf of the Cofreen-project, Anne Hemmi Project Manager, Cofreen-project (EU Central Baltic INTERREG IVA 2007-2013