Belajar dari Kegagalan Proyek-proyek Teknologi Informasi

(Zarella dkk., 2005) menyatakan para pemimpin bisnis masa kini berada di bawah tekanan yang semakin berat untuk melaksanakan dan membuat komitmen bisnis, baik kepada direksi, pemegang saham maupun para pelanggan. Banyak proyek TI yang berjalan dengan baik dan akhirnya memberikan pelanggan semua hal yang dijanjikan oleh vendor: biaya operasional yang lebih rendah, operasional yang lebih efisien dan pengguna yang bahagia. Sayangnya, beberapa proyek TI malah berakhir di reruntuhan, meninggalkan pelanggan setelah mereka mengeluarkan uang dalam jumlah besar, saling menuntut secara hukum, merusak karir dan menghancurkan hubungan bisnis. (Pardo dan Scholl, 2002) menambahkan bahwa kegagalan merupakan faktor yang disebabkan oleh kombinasi faktor teknis, sosial dan perilaku. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab kegagalan proyek TI sehingga resiko-resiko yang ada dapat dimitigasi sebelum muncul. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kajian literatur terhadap paper-paper yang sudah diterbitkan dengan menambahkan contoh-contoh konkret proyek TI yang mengalami kegagalan beserta dampak kegagagalan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kegagalan terutama terjadi pada proyek yang memiliki kompleksitas tinggi dan berjangka pendek. Tidak ada jaminan bahwa suatu institusi tertentu dapat terbebas dari kegagalan tersebut, baik itu institusi swasta, pemerintah maupun militer

Monitoring drinking water quality in South Africa: Designing information systems for local needs

In South Africa, the management and monitoring of drinking water quality is governed by policies and regulations based on international standards. Water Service Authorities, which are either municipalities or district municipalities, are required to submit information regarding water quality and the management thereof regularly to the national Blue Drop System (BDS). Since 2009, a trend has emerged in which urban municipalities have been shown to consistently improve their water quality management whilst some of the rural and under-resourced municipalities are falling behind. A major concern has been that rural municipalities are failing to report the required information and are not complying with some of the regulator’s requirements that speak to the overall management of water quality monitoring rather than the actual water quality itself. This paper reflects on a case study undertaken in four rural municipalities in South Africa where a cellphone-based information system was implemented to collect information relevant to the municipality. The study was conducted by the Information for Community Oriented Municipal Services (iCOMMS) research team based at the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Cape Town. The hypothesis for the research was that improved information flow within rural municipalities – from water supplies in outlying areas to the municipal government office – can improve the efficiency of existing monitoring, if the design, development and implementation of such a system are based on collecting appropriate and locally relevant information. Water service authorities at the four field sites managed the process of monitoring in very different ways due to limited resources as well as structural challenges within each government department. The variety of stakeholders involved in water quality monitoring programmes, and the alternative methods and processes used, challenges the current understanding of information system design as well as the notion of developing a single national information system. The decentralisation of national water quality monitoring to municipal level was assessed in this research, which concluded that the BDS was of limited usefulness to water quality monitoring in the rural municipalities partaking in this research.Keywords: water quality monitoring, information management, Blue Drop System, decentralisation, rural municipalitie

Bridging Digital Divide and Rural e-Goverment (Smart Kampung): Evidence from Banyuwangi, Indonesia

Currently humans can not be separated from using of technology. The more complex the problem, the need for technology continues to be sought. Unfortunately, even though technology is needed, digital divide still occurs. Digital divide occurs at all levels including at the local level. Villages in Indonesia require the penetration of information and communication technology in an effort to improve the quality of life. This study aims to explain the relationship and dynamics that occur with the presence of ICT at the government level with rural communities in Banyuwangi district. Furthermore, this study seeks to illustrate the impact on the development of ICT at the village level. The results showed that internet penetration was still a deterministic technology rather than a deterministic socioculture. The internet and rural e-government as its derivatives are like goals, not tools to achieve goals. The digital divide still seems clear. This is due to five main dimensions, namely the technical dimension, economic inequality, skills inequality, inequality of use, and inequality of social support. The impact then occurs technology alienation. For the village, digital inequality is not merely a matter of these five dimensions, but also means social, economic, political and cultural inequality. Technology plays an important role in providing intelligent and friendly public services to the community. There is a power relationship in the digitalization of technology in the field of public services in the form of domination of power over the community. Technology is a must to be accepted and applied by society

Conflicting expectations in transforming government service processes: the story of e-payment for social welfare in Ireland

Despite its clear potential and attractiveness as a solution to a broad range of societal problems, E-Government has not been adopted to levels predicted in early 2000 literature. Whilst case studies of punctual development of E-Government initiatives abound, few countries have progressed to high levels of maturity in the systematic use of ICT in the relationship between government and citizens. At the same time, the current period brings challenges in terms of access to public services and costs of delivering these services which make the large scale use of ICT by governments more attractive than ever, if not even a necessity. This paper presents a detailed case study of a specific E-Government initiative in Ireland in the area of E-payments for G2C, in the social welfare area. Locating the current initiative in its historical context, it analyses the varied motivations and conflicting requirements of the numerous stakeholders and discusses the constraints that bear on the potential scenarios that could be followed at this point in time

Implementation Strategies for eGovernment: A Stakeholder Analysis Approach

This paper reports from a comprehensive study of e-government implementation in Ireland, conducted over the last two years. An in-depth case study is presented detailing the development of a dual strategy for implementation and provides a comparison of the results from this approach. The success and shortcomings of both approaches are identified, providing in-depth analysis into the identification and management of critical concerns in the implementation of citizen-centred e-government. Specifically, this paper highlights the importance of accounting for social and political features, unique to the public sector, which in this case have had a decisive impact on e-government implementation. Public sector organisations in particular present unique challenges to the implementation process and implementation strategies often require particular attention to the social and political elements inherent in organisational change. In e-government implementation, the main barriers are not technical but social and cultural. Implementation strategies should therefore support the process of managing stakeholder relations in order to reduce the risk of stakeholder conflict and ensure the success of e-government initiatives

Cash or non-cash: that is the question - the story of e-payment for social welfare in Ireland part 2

E-Government in its various forms and extensions, notably T-Government, is often presented as the panacea for resolving such complex social problems as social exclusion, lack of governance transparency, poor value for money and other ailments of modern societies. Yet, E-Government has not been adopted up to predicted levels. Many case studies investigating success factors, maturity models, and the application of acceptance models have been presented over the last 15 years, but a deep understanding of the potential impact and consequences of E-Government is still lacking. This is especially true for those initiatives that involve socio-economic and cultural contexts, which makes their evaluation and the prediction of their impact difficult. This paper reports on an on-going E-Government initiative in Ireland aimed at implementing E-payments for G2C, notably in the social welfare area. Three sets of personal surveys have been carried out to understand the perceived impact of governmental plans of moving from an almost fully cash-based payment system to a fully electronic based solution. Early results indicate that perceived pre-requisites for the planned change may be misleading. The impact on recipients’ lives cannot solely be measured in terms of economic gains: the consequences of such implementation may well reach further than expected

BELAJAR DARI KEGAGALAN PROYEK-PROYEK TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI

(Zarella dkk., 2005) menyatakan para pemimpin bisnis masa kini berada di bawah tekanan yang semakin berat untuk melaksanakan dan membuat komitmen bisnis, baik kepada direksi, pemegang saham maupun para pelanggan. Banyak proyek TI yang berjalan dengan baik dan akhirnya memberikan pelanggan semua hal yang dijanjikan oleh vendor: biaya operasional yang lebih rendah, operasional yang lebih efisien dan pengguna yang bahagia. Sayangnya, beberapa proyek TI malah berakhir di reruntuhan, meninggalkan pelanggan setelah mereka mengeluarkan uang dalam jumlah besar, saling menuntut secara hukum, merusak karir dan menghancurkan hubungan bisnis. (Pardo dan Scholl, 2002) menambahkan bahwa kegagalan merupakan faktor yang disebabkan oleh kombinasi faktor teknis, sosial dan perilaku. Paper ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab kegagalan proyek TI sehingga resiko-resiko yang ada dapat dimitigasi sebelum muncul. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kajian literatur terhadap paper-paper yang sudah diterbitkan dengan menambahkan contoh-contoh konkret proyek TI yang mengalami kegagalan beserta dampak kegagagalan tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kegagalan terutama terjadi pada proyek yang memiliki kompleksitas tinggi dan berjangka pendek. Tidak ada jaminan bahwa suatu institusi tertentu dapat terbebas dari kegagalan tersebut, baik itu institusi swasta, pemerintah maupun militer

Developing public e-services for several stakeholders - A multifaceted view of the needs for an e-service

This paper discusses how several stakeholders in a public e-service development project consider a future e-service and expected changes in administrative processes and working routines. Our findings indicate a much more multifaceted view than the common win-win situation, with increased quality for citizens and increased efficiency for agencies, which is rhetorically put forth as an effect of public e-service implementation. We have studied a development project resulting in an e-service for handling student anonymity when marking written exams in higher education. In this case we have identified five distinct stakeholder groups related to this e-service; students, teachers, course administrators, exam guards, and the university at an agency level. All of them having certain expectations and fears about the new situation. By presenting this diversity in opinions we add further understanding to the notion of e-services as being more or less beneficial for certain stakeholders