1,310 research outputs found
An Experimental Study of Robustness to Asynchronism for Elementary Cellular Automata
Cellular Automata (CA) are a class of discrete dynamical systems that have
been widely used to model complex systems in which the dynamics is specified at
local cell-scale. Classically, CA are run on a regular lattice and with perfect
synchronicity. However, these two assumptions have little chance to truthfully
represent what happens at the microscopic scale for physical, biological or
social systems. One may thus wonder whether CA do keep their behavior when
submitted to small perturbations of synchronicity.
This work focuses on the study of one-dimensional (1D) asynchronous CA with
two states and nearest-neighbors. We define what we mean by ``the behavior of
CA is robust to asynchronism'' using a statistical approach with macroscopic
parameters. and we present an experimental protocol aimed at finding which are
the robust 1D elementary CA. To conclude, we examine how the results exposed
can be used as a guideline for the research of suitable models according to
robustness criteria.Comment: Version : Feb 13th, 2004, submitted to Complex System
Predictability: a way to characterize Complexity
Different aspects of the predictability problem in dynamical systems are
reviewed. The deep relation among Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy,
Shannon entropy and algorithmic complexity is discussed. In particular, we
emphasize how a characterization of the unpredictability of a system gives a
measure of its complexity. Adopting this point of view, we review some
developments in the characterization of the predictability of systems showing
different kind of complexity: from low-dimensional systems to high-dimensional
ones with spatio-temporal chaos and to fully developed turbulence. A special
attention is devoted to finite-time and finite-resolution effects on
predictability, which can be accounted with suitable generalization of the
standard indicators. The problems involved in systems with intrinsic randomness
is discussed, with emphasis on the important problems of distinguishing chaos
from noise and of modeling the system. The characterization of irregular
behavior in systems with discrete phase space is also considered.Comment: 142 Latex pgs. 41 included eps figures, submitted to Physics Reports.
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