408 research outputs found

    Computer-Assisted Regulation of Emotional and Social Processes

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    Towards Computer-Assisted Regulation of Emotions

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    Tunteet ovat keskeinen ja erottamaton osa ihmisen toimintaa, ajattelua ja yksilöiden välistä vuorovaikutusta. Tunteet luovat perustan mielekkäälle, toimivalle ja tehokkaalle toiminnalle. Joskus tunteiden sävy tai voimakkuus voi kuitenkin olla epäedullinen henkilön tavoitteiden ja hyvinvoinnin kannalta. Tällöin taidokas tunteiden säätely voi auttaa saavuttamaan terveen ja menestyksellisen elämän. Väitöstyön tavoitteena oli muodostaa perusta tulevaisuuden tietokoneille, jotka auttavat säätelemään tunteita. Tietokoneiden tunneälyä on toistaiseksi kehitetty kahdella alueella: ihmisen tunnereaktioiden mittaamisessa ja tietokoneen tuottamissa tunneilmaisuissa. Viimeisimmät teknologiat antavat tietokoneille jo mahdollisuuden tunnistaa ja jäljitellä ihmisen tunneilmaisuja hyvinkin tarkasti. Väitöstyössä toimistotuoliin asennetuilla paineantureilla kyettiin huomaamattomasti havaitsemaan muutoksia kehon liikkeissä: osallistujat nojautuivat kohti heille esitettyjä tietokonehahmoja. Tietokonehahmojen esittämät kasvonilmeet ja kehollinen etäisyys vaikuttivat merkittävästi osallistujien tunne- ja tarkkaavaisuuskokemuksiin sekä sydämen, ihon hikirauhasten ja kasvon lihasten toimintaan. Tulokset osoittavat että keinotekoiset tunneilmaisut voivat olla tehokkaita henkilön kokemusten ja kehon toiminnan säätelyssä. Väitöstyössä laadittiin lopulta vuorovaikutteinen asetelma, jossa tunneilmaisujen automaattinen tarkkailu liitettiin tietokoneen tuottamien sosiaalisten ilmaisujen ohjaamiseen. Osallistujat pystyivät säätelemään välittömiä fysiologisia reaktioitaan ja tunnekokemuksiaan esittämällä tahdonalaisia kasvonilmeitä (mm. ikään kuin hymyilemällä) heitä lähestyvälle tietokonehahmolle. Väitöstyön tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää laajasti, muun muassa uudenlaisten, ihmisen luonnollisia vuorovaikutustapoja paremmin tukevien tietokoneiden suunnittelussa.Emotions are intimately connected with our lives. They are essential in motivating behaviour, for reasoning effectively, and in facilitating interactions with other people. Consequently, the ability to regulate the tone and intensity of emotions is important for leading a life of success and well-being. Intelligent computer perception of human emotions and effective expression of virtual emotions provide a basis for assisting emotion regulation with technology. State-of-the-art technologies already allow computers to recognize and imitate human social and emotional cues accurately and in great detail. For example, in the present work a regular looking office chair was used to covertly measure human body movement responses to artifical expressions of proximity and facial cues. In general, such artificial cues from visual agents were found to significantly affect heart, sweat gland, and facial muscle activities, as well as subjective experiences of emotion and attention. The perceptual and expressive capabilities were combined in a setup where a person regulated her or his more spontaneous reactions by either smiling or frowning voluntarily to a virtual humanlike character. These results highlight the potential of future emotion-sensitive technologies for creating supportive and even healthy interactions between humans and computers

    Guilt in the body and brain : a psychophysiological and neuroimaging investigation

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    Guilt has been described as a quintessential moral emotion with an important regulatory function for the individual and society. Few studies have, however, empirically investigated guilt, largely because of challenges associated with its real-time elicitation. I aimed to elucidate the physiological and neural correlates of guilt by developing two novel emotion elicitation paradigms

    Psycho- and Neurophysiological Mechanisms Underlying the Efficacy of Interpersonal Emotional Regulation

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    Although humans are inherently social, emotion regulation (ER) studies often disregard how ER predominantly occurs within social interactions with others. It is currently unclear how the efficacy of inter-personal ER compares to intra-personal regulation, and what psychophysiological mechanisms underlie effective inter-personal ER. There has been behavioural evidence to suggest inter-personal ER might in fact be more effective in decreasing negative emotions than intra-personal ER. To assess whether inter-personal ER also modulates physiological responses, this thesis utilised electrodermal activity measures. A total of 146 participants regulated their emotions using a self-selected strategy (intra-personal ER) or a strategy that was recommended to them (inter-personal ER). Although participants reported greater decreases in negative emotions following intra-personal ER, the reverse pattern emerged for physiological responses: electrodermal measures exhibited greater decreases during inter-personal ER. Subsequently, the neural processes underlying these physiological benefits of inter-personal ER were scrutinised in a second-person fMRI experiment using the same experimental paradigm. Twenty-three dyads consisting of a Regulator recommending ER strategies and a Target implementing these strategies were scanned simultaneously. Although ratings responses suggested no differences in efficacy between inter- and intra-personal ER, during inter-personal ER, both Regulators and Targets exhibited activations within key nodes of the ER network, e.g., the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, as well as socio-cognitive regions, such as the temporal parietal junction. Moreover, Regulators’ neural responses during the choice of an ER strategy resembled brain responses observed in Targets during intra-personal ER, thereby suggesting Regulators engaged in processes of embodiment. Taken together, there is tentative evidence to suggest that inter-personal ER can effectively modulate physiological responses in some cases and it engages a similar neural network to intra-personal ER. Importantly, Regulators appear to engage in embodied processes when regulating another’s emotions. Future studies utilising multi-method and second-person paradigms are needed to discover factors which modulate inter-personal ER
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