10,014 research outputs found

    e-ESAS: Evolution of a Participatory Design-based Solution for Breast Cancer (BC) Patients in Rural Bangladesh

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    Healthcare facility is scarce for rural women in the developing world. The situation is worse for patients who are suffering from diseases that require long-term feedback-oriented monitoring such as breast cancer. Lack of motivation to go to the health centers on patientsโ€™ side due to sociocultural barriers, financial restrictions and transportation hazards results in inadequate data for proper assessment. Fortunately, mobile phones have penetrated the masses even in rural communities of the developing countries. In this scenario, a mobile phone-based remote symptom monitoring system (RSMS) with inspirational videos can serve the purpose of both patients and doctors. Here, we present the findings of our field study conducted on 39 breast cancer patients in rural Bangladesh. Based on the results of extensive field studies, we have categorized the challenges faced by patients in different phases of the treatment process. As a solution, we have designed, developed and deployed e-ESASโ€”the first mobile-based RSMS in rural context. Along with the detail need assessment of such a system, we describe the evolution of e-ESAS and the deployment results. We have included the unique and useful design lessons that we learned as e-ESAS evolved through participatory design process. The findings show how e-ESAS addresses several challenges faced by patients and doctors and positively impact their lives

    Early intervention for obsessive compulsive disorder : An expert consensus statement

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    ยฉ 2019 Elsevier B.V.and ECNP. All rights reserved.Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is common, emerges early in life and tends to run a chronic, impairing course. Despite the availability of effective treatments, the duration of untreated illness (DUI) is high (up to around 10 years in adults) and is associated with considerable suffering for the individual and their families. This consensus statement represents the views of an international group of expert clinicians, including child and adult psychiatrists, psychologists and neuroscientists, working both in high and low and middle income countries, as well as those with the experience of living with OCD. The statement draws together evidence from epidemiological, clinical, health economic and brain imaging studies documenting the negative impact associated with treatment delay on clinical outcomes, and supporting the importance of early clinical intervention. It draws parallels between OCD and other disorders for which early intervention is recognized as beneficial, such as psychotic disorders and impulsive-compulsive disorders associated with problematic usage of the Internet, for which early intervention may prevent the development of later addictive disorders. It also generates new heuristics for exploring the brain-based mechanisms moderating the โ€˜toxicโ€™ effect of an extended DUI in OCD. The statement concludes that there is a global unmet need for early intervention services for OC related disorders to reduce the unnecessary suffering and costly disability associated with under-treatment. New clinical staging models for OCD that may be used to facilitate primary, secondary and tertiary prevention within this context are proposed.Peer reviewe

    Internet of Things for Mental Health: Open Issues in Data Acquisition, Self-Organization, Service Level Agreement, and Identity Management

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    The increase of mental illness cases around the world can be described as an urgent and serious global health threat. Around 500 million people suffer from mental disorders, among which depression, schizophrenia, and dementia are the most prevalent. Revolutionary technological paradigms such as the Internet of Things (IoT) provide us with new capabilities to detect, assess, and care for patients early. This paper comprehensively survey works done at the intersection between IoT and mental health disorders. We evaluate multiple computational platforms, methods and devices, as well as study results and potential open issues for the effective use of IoT systems in mental health. We particularly elaborate on relevant open challenges in the use of existing IoT solutions for mental health care, which can be relevant given the potential impairments in some mental health patients such as data acquisition issues, lack of self-organization of devices and service level agreement, and security, privacy and consent issues, among others. We aim at opening the conversation for future research in this rather emerging area by outlining possible new paths based on the results and conclusions of this work.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (CONACyT)Sonora Institute of Technology (ITSON) via the PROFAPI program PROFAPI_2020_0055Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICINN) project "Advanced Computing Architectures and Machine Learning-Based Solutions for Complex Problems in Bioinformatics, Biotechnology and Biomedicine" RTI2018-101674-B-I0

    2008 Progress Report on Brain Research

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    Highlights new research on various disorders, nervous system injuries, neuroethics, neuroimmunology, pain, sense and body function, stem cells and neurogenesis, and thought and memory. Includes essays on arts and cognition and on deep brain stimulation

    Korean sibling caregivers of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia

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    Siblings of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are an important source of family caregiving. Unfortunately, limited information is available about sibling caregivers because existing studies have focused on other family relationships such as parents, spouses, and children. To fill the knowledge gap, the purpose of this study is to describe Korean sibling caregiversโ€™ experience with individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Guided by Colaizziโ€™s descriptive phenomenological methodology, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with eight individuals who have a sibling (1) diagnosed with schizophrenia and (2) hospitalized in an inpatient psychiatric unit. We discerned six key themes: sorrow, burnout, shame, different perspectives in life, acceptance, and responsibility. We categorized these themes into three groups: suffering, hope, and responsibility and obligation. Sibling caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia experience a mixture of several emotions. Participants loved their brother or sister with schizophrenia, but at the same time they felt shame and fear. While they were burdened by the responsibilities of caregiving, they remained loyal to their sibling with schizophrenia, continuing to help their siblings reach their full potential. Although participants were confused about the symptoms of schizophrenia, they were committed to learning more about the illness. Because we conducted the current study in Korea, the findings of this study may be unique to Korea culture. Further studies are needed to compare and contrast nuanced differences in sibling caregiversโ€™ experience among different cultural groups

    ์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ถ„์„: ์—ฐ์†์ ์ธ ๋ฐœํ™”์˜ ์Œํ–ฅ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์œตํ•ฉ๊ณผํ•™๋ถ€(๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ •๋ณด์œตํ•ฉ์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์ด๊ต๊ตฌ.Major depressive disorder (commonly referred to as depression) is a common disorder that affects 3.8% of the world's population. Depression stems from various causes, such as genetics, aging, social factors, and abnormalities in the neurotransmitter system; thus, early detection and monitoring are essential. The human voice is considered a representative biomarker for observing depression; accordingly, several studies have developed an automatic depression diagnosis system based on speech. However, constructing a speech corpus is a challenge, studies focus on adults under 60 years of age, and there are insufficient medical hypotheses based on the clinical findings of psychiatrists, limiting the evolution of the medical diagnostic tool. Moreover, the effect of taking antipsychotic drugs on speech characteristics during the treatment phase is overlooked. Thus, this thesis studies a speech-based automatic depression diagnosis system at the semantic level (sentence). First, to analyze depression among the elderly whose emotional changes do not adequately reflect speech characteristics, it developed the mood-induced sentence to build the elderly depression speech corpus and designed an automatic depression diagnosis system for the elderly. Second, it constructed an extrapyramidal symptom speech corpus to investigate the extrapyramidal symptoms, a typical side effect that can appear from an antipsychotic drug overdose. Accordingly, there is a strong correlation between the antipsychotic dose and speech characteristics. The study paved the way for a comprehensive examination of the automatic diagnosis system for depression.์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์•  ์ฆ‰ ํ”ํžˆ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ผ์ปฌ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ์žฅ์• ๋Š” ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ธ ์ค‘ 3.8%์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒช์€๋ฐ” ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด๋‹ค. ์œ ์ „, ๋…ธํ™”, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์š”์ธ, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ์ด์ƒ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์›์ธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ๋ฐ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค๋งˆ์ปค๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ ธ ์™”์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์ž๋™ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ง๋ญ‰์น˜ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€๊ณผ 60์„ธ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์ด ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์ง„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ, ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ž„์ƒ ์†Œ๊ฒฌ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœํ•œ ์˜ํ•™์  ๊ฐ€์„ค ์„ค์ •์˜ ๋ฏธํก๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง„๋‹จ ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ์„ฑ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณต์šฉ์ด ์Œ์„ฑ ํŠน์ง•์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ณผ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ„์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ก ์  ์ˆ˜์ค€ (๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‹จ์œ„)์—์„œ์˜ ์Œ์„ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ž๋™ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์Œ์„ฑ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ž˜ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋…ธ์ธ์ธต์˜ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฐœํ™” ๋ฌธ์žฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ์ธ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ง๋ญ‰์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋‹จ์œ„์—์„œ์˜ ๊ด€์ฐฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋…ธ์ธ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ตฐ์—์„œ ๊ฐ์ • ๋ฌธ์žฅ ๋ฐœํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ • ์ „์ด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋…ธ์ธ์ธต์˜ ์ž๋™ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ์ง„๋‹จ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ณผ๋ณต์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ธ ์ถ”์ฒด์™ธ๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”์ฒด์™ธ๋กœ ์ฆ์ƒ ์Œ์„ฑ ๋ง๋ญ‰์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ๋ณต์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์Œ์„ฑ ํŠน์ง•๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ํ•ญ์ •์‹ ๋ณ‘ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์ด ์Œ์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฃผ์š” ์šฐ์šธ ์žฅ์• ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Research Motivations 3 1.1.1 Bridging the Gap Between Clinical View and Engineering 3 1.1.2 Limitations of Conventional Depressed Speech Corpora 4 1.1.3 Lack of Studies on Depression Among the Elderly 4 1.1.4 Depression Analysis on Semantic Level 6 1.1.5 How Antipsychotic Drug Affects the Human Voice? 7 1.2 Thesis objectives 9 1.3 Outline of the thesis 10 Chapter 2 Theoretical Background 13 2.1 Clinical View of Major Depressive Disorder 13 2.1.1 Types of Depression 14 2.1.2 Major Causes of Depression 15 2.1.3 Symptoms of Depression 17 2.1.4 Diagnosis of Depression 17 2.2 Objective Diagnostic Markers of Depression 19 2.3 Speech in Mental Disorder 19 2.4 Speech Production and Depression 21 2.5 Automatic Depression Diagnostic System 23 2.5.1 Acoustic Feature Representation 24 2.5.2 Classification / Prediction 27 Chapter 3 Developing Sentences for New Depressed Speech Corpus 31 3.1 Introduction 31 3.2 Building Depressed Speech Corpus 32 3.2.1 Elements of Speech Corpus Production 32 3.2.2 Conventional Depressed Speech Corpora 35 3.2.3 Factors Affecting Depressed Speech Characteristics 39 3.3 Motivations 40 3.3.1 Limitations of Conventional Depressed Speech Corpora 40 3.3.2 Attitude of Subjects to Depression: Masked Depression 43 3.3.3 Emotions in Reading 45 3.3.4 Objectives of this Chapter 45 3.4 Proposed Methods 46 3.4.1 Selection of Words 46 3.4.2 Structure of Sentence 47 3.5 Results 49 3.5.1 Mood-Inducing Sentences (MIS) 49 3.5.2 Neutral Sentences for Extrapyramidal Symptom Analysis 49 3.6 Summary 51 Chapter 4 Screening Depression in The Elderly 52 4.1 Introduction 52 4.2 Korean Elderly Depressive Speech Corpus 55 4.2.1 Participants 55 4.2.2 Recording Procedure 57 4.2.3 Recording Specification 58 4.3 Proposed Methods 59 4.3.1 Voice-based Screening Algorithm for Depression 59 4.3.2 Extraction of Acoustic Features 59 4.3.3 Feature Selection System and Distance Computation 62 4.3.4 Classification and Statistical Analyses 63 4.4 Results 65 4.5 Discussion 69 4.6 Summary 74 Chapter 5 Correlation Analysis of Antipsychotic Dose and Speech Characteristics 75 5.1 Introduction 75 5.2 Korean Extrapyramidal Symptoms Speech Corpus 78 5.2.1 Participants 78 5.2.2 Recording Process 79 5.2.3 Extrapyramidal Symptoms Annotation and Equivalent Dose Calculations 80 5.3 Proposed Methods 81 5.3.1 Acoustic Feature Extraction 81 5.3.2 Speech Characteristics Analysis recording to Eq.dose 83 5.4 Results 83 5.5 Discussion 87 5.6 Summary 90 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Future Work 91 6.1 Conclusions 91 6.2 Future work 95 Bibliography 97 ์ดˆ ๋ก 121๋ฐ•
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