157,578 research outputs found
Quantifying the interdisciplinarity of scientific journals and fields
There is an overall perception of increased interdisciplinarity in science,
but this is difficult to confirm quantitatively owing to the lack of adequate
methods to evaluate subjective phenomena. This is no different from the
difficulties in establishing quantitative relationships in human and social
sciences. In this paper we quantified the interdisciplinarity of scientific
journals and science fields by using an entropy measurement based on the
diversity of the subject categories of journals citing a specific journal. The
methodology consisted in building citation networks using the Journal Citation
Reports database, in which the nodes were journals and edges were established
based on citations among journals. The overall network for the 11-year period
(1999-2009) studied was small-world and scale free with regard to the
in-strength. Upon visualizing the network topology an overall structure of the
various science fields could be inferred, especially their interconnections. We
confirmed quantitatively that science fields are becoming increasingly
interdisciplinary, with the degree of interdisplinarity (i.e. entropy)
correlating strongly with the in-strength of journals and with the impact
factor.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure
Simultaneous mapping of interactions between S&T knowledge bases: The case of space communications
This paper examines the knowledge structure of the field of space communications using bibliometric mapping techniques based on textual analysis. A new approach with the aiming of visualizing simultaneously the configuration of its scientific and technological knowledge bases is presented. The bibliometric map revealed weak cognitive interactions between science and technology at the worldwide level although it brings out the systemic nature of the process of knowledge production at either side. We extended the mapping approach to the research activities of the Triad countries in order to characterize their specialization profiles and cognitive links on both sides in comparison with the structure of the field at the worldwide level. Results showed different patterns in the way the Triad countries organized their scientific and technological research activities within the field."bibliometric mapping" "S&T interactions" "space communications" "knowledge bases" "knowledge flows"
The Local Emergence and Global Diffusion of Research Technologies: An Exploration of Patterns of Network Formation
Grasping the fruits of "emerging technologies" is an objective of many
government priority programs in a knowledge-based and globalizing economy. We
use the publication records (in the Science Citation Index) of two emerging
technologies to study the mechanisms of diffusion in the case of two innovation
trajectories: small interference RNA (siRNA) and nano-crystalline solar cells
(NCSC). Methods for analyzing and visualizing geographical and cognitive
diffusion are specified as indicators of different dynamics. Geographical
diffusion is illustrated with overlays to Google Maps; cognitive diffusion is
mapped using an overlay to a map based on the ISI Subject Categories. The
evolving geographical networks show both preferential attachment and
small-world characteristics. The strength of preferential attachment decreases
over time, while the network evolves into an oligopolistic control structure
with small-world characteristics. The transition from disciplinary-oriented
("mode-1") to transfer-oriented ("mode-2") research is suggested as the crucial
difference in explaining the different rates of diffusion between siRNA and
NCSC
Visualizing the Structure of Iranian Medical Science Publications
This paper presents the results of a bibliometric analysis of the Medical Sciences (MS) domains in Iran. Totally 9047 articles indexed in ISI (Thomson Reuters Database) from 1989 to 2008 in December 2008 have been extracted. HistCiteTM applications are used to discover the Iranian publication status during this period. The publication count has grown at an approximate rate of 40.5% per year. We tried to introduce the most productive authors, and cited works. Moreover, distributions of output in journals identified by ISI and research output analysis of different universities were presented. The most influential cited authors and articles in this research were drawn. Finally, the process of the evolution of the medical sciences discipline, and its shift over the period of the research was traced and shown in the map. Using HistCiteTM applications, retrieved articles were analyzed and visualized
Action-gradient-minimizing pseudo-orbits and almost-invariant tori
Transport in near-integrable, but partially chaotic,
degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian systems is blocked by invariant tori and is
reduced at \emph{almost}-invariant tori, both associated with the invariant
tori of a neighboring integrable system. "Almost invariant" tori with rational
rotation number can be defined using continuous families of periodic
\emph{pseudo-orbits} to foliate the surfaces, while irrational-rotation-number
tori can be defined by nesting with sequences of such rational tori. Three
definitions of "pseudo-orbit," \emph{action-gradient--minimizing} (AGMin),
\emph{quadratic-flux-minimizing} (QFMin) and \emph{ghost} orbits, based on
variants of Hamilton's Principle, use different strategies to extremize the
action as closely as possible. Equivalent Lagrangian (configuration-space
action) and Hamiltonian (phase-space action) formulations, and a new approach
to visualizing action-minimizing and minimax orbits based on AGMin
pseudo-orbits, are presented.Comment: Accepted for publication in a special issue of Communications in
Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation (CNSNS) entitled "The mathematical
structure of fluids and plasmas : a volume dedicated to the 60th birthday of
Phil Morrison
Visualization of individual's knowledge by analyzing the citation networks
Visual analysis of knowledge domain is an emerging field of study as science is highly dynamic and constantly evolving. Behind the scene, a knowledge domain is formed and contributed by enormous researchers' publications that describe the common subject of the domain. There is large number of significant activities have been carried out to visualize and identify the knowledge domains of research projects, groups and communities. However, the research on visualizing the knowledge structure at individual level is relative inactive. It is difficult to track down the individual's contribution to the subject and the degree of the knowledge they possess. In this paper, we are attempting to visualize the individual's knowledge structure by analyzing the citation and co-authorship relational structures. We try to analyze and map author's documents to the knowledge domains. By mapping the documents to knowledge domain, we obtain the skeleton of knowledge structure of an individual. Then, we apply the visualization technique to present the result. © 2007 IEEE
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Visualizing latent domain knowledge
Knowledge discovery and data mining commonly rely on finding salient patterns of association from a vast amount of data. Traditional citation analysis of scientific literature draws insights from strong citation patterns. Latent domain knowledge, in contrast to the mainstream domain knowledge, often consists of highly relevant but relatively infrequently cited scientific works. Visualizing latent domain knowledge presents a significant challenge to knowledge discovery and quantitative studies of science. We build upon a citation-based knowledge visualization procedure and develop an approach that not only captures knowledge structures from prominent and highly cited works, but also traces latent domain knowledge through low-frequency citation chains. We apply this approach to two cases: (1) identifying cross-domain applications of Pathfinder networks (PFNETs) and (2) clarifying the current status of scientific inquiry of a possible link between Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), also known as mad cow disease, and a new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), a type of brain disease in human
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