Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation

Nanoantennas for visible and infrared radiation can strongly enhance the interaction of light with nanoscale matter by their ability to efficiently link propagating and spatially localized optical fields. This ability unlocks an enormous potential for applications ranging from nanoscale optical microscopy and spectroscopy over solar energy conversion, integrated optical nanocircuitry, opto-electronics and density-ofstates engineering to ultra-sensing as well as enhancement of optical nonlinearities. Here we review the current understanding of optical antennas based on the background of both well-developed radiowave antenna engineering and the emerging field of plasmonics. In particular, we address the plasmonic behavior that emerges due to the very high optical frequencies involved and the limitations in the choice of antenna materials and geometrical parameters imposed by nanofabrication. Finally, we give a brief account of the current status of the field and the major established and emerging lines of investigation in this vivid area of research.Comment: Review article with 76 pages, 21 figure

On an acoustic field generated by subsonic jet at low Reynolds numbers

An acoustic field generated by subsonic jets at low Reynolds numbers was investigated. This work is motivated by the need to increase the fundamental understanding of the jet noise generation mechanism which is essential to the development of further advanced techniques of noise suppression. The scope of this study consists of two major investigation. One is a study of large scale coherent structure in the jet turbulence, and the other is a study of the Reynolds number dependence of jet noise. With this in mind, extensive flow and acoustic measurements in low Reynolds number turbulent jets (8,930 less than or equal to M less than or equal to 220,000) were undertaken using miniature nozzles of the same configuration but different diameters at various exist Mach numbers (0.2 less than or equal to M less than or equal to 0.9)

The development of near field probing systems for EMC near field visualization and EMI source localization

The objectives of this research are to visualize the frequency dependent electromagnetic field distribution for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) applications and the radiating source reconstruction on complex shaped electronic systems. This is achieved by combining near field probing with a system for automatically recording the probe position and orientation. Due to the complexity of the shape of the electronic systems of interest, and for utilizing the expertise of the user, the probe will be moved manually not robotically. Concurrently, the local near field will be recorded, associated with the location and displayed at near real time on the captured 3D geometry as a field strength map for EMC applications and, for source reconstruction, a reconstructed image showing the far field radiating sources. --Abstract, page iii

EMI investigation and modeling of a flat panel display

It is often important to carry out EMI analysis in the design phase of an electronic product to predict the radiated emissions. An EMI analysis is important to predict if the product complies with the FCC regulations as well as to gain an understanding of the noise coupling and radiation mechanisms. EMI analysis and prediction of radiated emissions in electronic products that have an electrically large chassis, pose a challenge due to the presence of multiple resonant structures and noise-coupling mechanisms. The study focusses on the investigation of the main noise coupling mechanisms, the approach and methods used for the modeling of a flat panel display. Full-wave simulation models are a powerful tool for the prediction of radiated emissions and the visualization of coupling paths within the product. The first part deals with the measurement of radiated emissions from the display under standard test conditions and the identification of the main noise sources using near-field scanning. The contribution of the chassis components - frame, back cover and the back panel, to the radiated emission is analyzed using shielding measurements. Noise coupling from the main board, flex cables, display driver boards and the display is analyzed from measurements. The second part deals with the full-wave modeling of the components - main board, flex cables, chassis and the display driver boards. The modeling approach is demonstrated by highlighting some of the challenges in modeling larger structures having many details. The simulation model contains the main components of the TV that contribute to far-field radiation. The full-wave modeling is done using the CST Microwave Studio. Two sets of simulation models are described - the common mode models and the complete models. The use of the common mode models for the identification of the resonant structures is demonstrated. The far-field radiated emissions along with the coupling mechanism within the flat panel display can be predicted using the simulation model. --Abstract, pag

Low frequency field prediction applied to CISPR 25 test setups

Modern automotive systems integrate a variety of electrical and electronic components. To estimate the radiated emissions, the standard CISPR 25 describes the absorber-lined shielded enclosure (ALSE) method, which is the most important standardized field measurement method. However, it suffers from the need for a large anechoic chamber. To reduce costs and more conveniently integrate radiated emission investigations into the product design cycle, alternative methods that predict emissions without such a chamber are necessary. These methods measure currents, voltages, or fields close to the setup’s vicinity, and with the help of appropriate models, CISPR 25 quantities can be calculated. However, the known methods often fail at frequencies below 30 MHz. This dissertation introduces two new methods based on electric near-field measurements to overcome the problems. The first method uses extrapolation and interpolation of the measured data to create a Huygens’ surface. The field at 1 m distance can be calculated from the Huygens’ surface. The second method finds electrostatic dipoles from the measured data. The fields from the dipoles can be estimated at 1 m distance. This dissertation uses measurements and full-wave simulation to verify the accuracy of the proposed methods

Experimental analysis of a propeller noise in turbulent flow

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental aeroacoustic investigation of a propeller under turbulence ingestion. Two turbulence-generating passive grids were utilized to quantify the effect of turbulence intensity on the aeroacoustic characteristics of the propeller. A two-component hot-wire anemometry was employed to study the flow field. The flow field results demonstrate a substantial increase in fluctuating velocity components in both axial and radial directions, concentrated at the mid-span of the blade and near the tip, respectively. Energy spectral analysis in the vicinity of the propeller blade shows significantly higher broadband energy levels with multiple haystacking peaks at the harmonics of the blade passage frequency. Far-field noise and load measurement results show that turbulence ingestion has a strong effect on the aerodynamic loading and acoustic response at the blade passage frequency. The directivity of noise radiation at low frequency shows a significant tonal noise contribution. Meanwhile, broadband noise radiation is more dominant at a higher range of frequency, especially when the propeller is operated with turbulence ingestion and at higher advance ratio settings. The far-field noise results revealed the haystacking trends in the low frequency domain of the spectra and are most significant for propellers operating in turbulent inflows