Ray Tracing Structured AMR Data Using ExaBricks

Structured Adaptive Mesh Refinement (Structured AMR) enables simulations to adapt the domain resolution to save computation and storage, and has become one of the dominant data representations used by scientific simulations; however, efficiently rendering such data remains a challenge. We present an efficient approach for volume- and iso-surface ray tracing of Structured AMR data on GPU-equipped workstations, using a combination of two different data structures. Together, these data structures allow a ray tracing based renderer to quickly determine which segments along the ray need to be integrated and at what frequency, while also providing quick access to all data values required for a smooth sample reconstruction kernel. Our method makes use of the RTX ray tracing hardware for surface rendering, ray marching, space skipping, and adaptive sampling; and allows for interactive changes to the transfer function and implicit iso-surfacing thresholds. We demonstrate that our method achieves high performance with little memory overhead, enabling interactive high quality rendering of complex AMR data sets on individual GPU workstations

AMM: Adaptive Multilinear Meshes

We present Adaptive Multilinear Meshes (AMM), a new framework that significantly reduces the memory footprint compared to existing data structures. AMM uses a hierarchy of cuboidal cells to create continuous, piecewise multilinear representation of uniformly sampled data. Furthermore, AMM can selectively relax or enforce constraints on conformity, continuity, and coverage, creating a highly adaptive and flexible representation to support a wide range of use cases. AMM supports incremental updates in both spatial resolution and numerical precision establishing the first practical data structure that can seamlessly explore the tradeoff between resolution and precision. We use tensor products of linear B-spline wavelets to create an adaptive representation and illustrate the advantages of our framework. AMM provides a simple interface for evaluating the function defined on the adaptive mesh, efficiently traversing the mesh, and manipulating the mesh, including incremental, partial updates. Our framework is easy to adopt for standard visualization and analysis tasks. As an example, we provide a VTK interface, through efficient on-demand conversion, which can be used directly by corresponding tools, such as VisIt, disseminating the advantages of faster processing and a smaller memory footprint to a wider audience. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach for simplifying scalar-valued data for commonly used visualization and analysis tasks using incremental construction, according to mixed resolution and precision data streams

Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Stall Using Near-Body Adaptive Mesh Refinement

Time-dependent Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations have been carried out for a NACA 0012 airfoil and a flexible UH-60A rotor undergoing dynamic stall. The OVERFLOW computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is used to explore the use of near-body adaptive mesh refinement (NB-AMR) for the first time on a flexible helicopter rotor in forward flight. Emphasis is placed on understanding the temporal and spatial convergence of the solutions, their numerical efficiency and stability, and establishing a grid-converged solution. Some of the remaining differences between CFD and flight-test measurements are discussed. Time-dependent flow visualization is used to provide an improved understanding of the physical mechanisms involved with two-dimensional and three-dimensional dynamic stall, and the NB-AMR process

Immersive ExaBrick: Visualizing Large AMR Data in the CAVE

Rendering large adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) data in real-time in virtual reality (VR) environments is a complex challenge that demands sophisticated techniques and tools. The proposed solution harnesses the ExaBrick framework and integrates it as a plugin in COVISE, a robust visualization system equipped with the VR-centric OpenCOVER render module. This setup enables direct navigation and interaction within the rendered volume in a VR environment. The user interface incorporates rendering options and functions, ensuring a smooth and interactive experience. We show that high-quality volume rendering of AMR data in VR environments at interactive rates is possible using GPUs

**FULL TITLE** ASP Conference Series, Vol. **VOLUME**, **YEAR OF PUBLICATION** **NAMES OF EDITORS** Visualization of Scalar Adaptive Mesh Refinement Data

Abstract. Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) is a highly effective computation method for simulations that span a large range of spatiotemporal scales, such as astrophysical simulations, which must accommodate ranges from interstellar to sub-planetary. Most mainstream visualization tools still lack support for AMR grids as a first class data type and AMR code teams use custom built applications for AMR visualization. The Department of Energy's (DOE's) Science Discovery through Advanced Computing (SciDAC) Visualization and Analytics Center for Enabling Technologies (VACET) is currently working on extending VisIt, which is an open source visualization tool that accommodates AMR as a first-class data type. These efforts will bridge the gap between generalpurpose visualization applications and highly specialized AMR visual analysis applications. Here, we give an overview of the state of the art in AMR scalar data visualization research