36,989 research outputs found
Achieving Synergy in Cognitive Behavior of Humanoids via Deep Learning of Dynamic Visuo-Motor-Attentional Coordination
The current study examines how adequate coordination among different
cognitive processes including visual recognition, attention switching, action
preparation and generation can be developed via learning of robots by
introducing a novel model, the Visuo-Motor Deep Dynamic Neural Network (VMDNN).
The proposed model is built on coupling of a dynamic vision network, a motor
generation network, and a higher level network allocated on top of these two.
The simulation experiments using the iCub simulator were conducted for
cognitive tasks including visual object manipulation responding to human
gestures. The results showed that synergetic coordination can be developed via
iterative learning through the whole network when spatio-temporal hierarchy and
temporal one can be self-organized in the visual pathway and in the motor
pathway, respectively, such that the higher level can manipulate them with
abstraction.Comment: submitted to 2015 IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid
Robot
How does an infant acquire the ability of joint attention?: A Constructive Approach
This study argues how a human infant acquires
the ability of joint attention through
interactions with its caregiver from the viewpoint
of a constructive approach. This paper
presents a constructive model by which a
robot acquires a sensorimotor coordination for
joint attention based on visual attention and
learning with self-evaluation. Since visual attention
does not always correspond to joint attention,
the robot may have incorrect learning
situations for joint attention as well as correct
ones. However, the robot is expected to statistically
lose the data of the incorrect ones
as outliers through the learning, and consequently
acquires the appropriate sensorimotor
coordination for joint attention even if the
environment is not controlled nor the caregiver
provides any task evaluation. The experimental
results suggest that the proposed
model could explain the developmental mechanism
of the infant’s joint attention because
the learning process of the robot’s joint attention
can be regarded as equivalent to the
developmental process of the infant’s one
Interaction Histories and Short-Term Memory: Enactive Development of Turn-Taking Behaviours in a Childlike Humanoid Robot
In this article, an enactive architecture is described that allows a humanoid robot to learn to compose simple actions into turn-taking behaviours while playing interaction games with a human partner. The robot’s action choices are reinforced by social feedback from the human in the form of visual attention and measures of behavioural synchronisation. We demonstrate that the system can acquire and switch between behaviours learned through interaction based on social feedback from the human partner. The role of reinforcement based on a short-term memory of the interaction was experimentally investigated. Results indicate that feedback based only on the immediate experience was insufficient to learn longer, more complex turn-taking behaviours. Therefore, some history of the interaction must be considered in the acquisition of turn-taking, which can be efficiently handled through the use of short-term memory.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio
Beyond Gazing, Pointing, and Reaching: A Survey of Developmental Robotics
Developmental robotics is an emerging field located
at the intersection of developmental psychology
and robotics, that has lately attracted
quite some attention. This paper gives a survey of
a variety of research projects dealing with or inspired
by developmental issues, and outlines possible
future directions
Covert Perceptual Capability Development
In this paper, we propose a model to develop
robots’ covert perceptual capability using reinforcement learning. Covert perceptual behavior is treated as action selected by a motivational system. We apply this model to
vision-based navigation. The goal is to enable
a robot to learn road boundary type. Instead
of dealing with problems in controlled environments with a low-dimensional state space,
we test the model on images captured in non-stationary environments. Incremental Hierarchical Discriminant Regression is used to
generate states on the fly. Its coarse-to-fine
tree structure guarantees real-time retrieval
in high-dimensional state space. K Nearest-Neighbor strategy is adopted to further reduce training time complexity
The Mechanics of Embodiment: A Dialogue on Embodiment and Computational Modeling
Embodied theories are increasingly challenging traditional views of cognition by arguing that conceptual representations that constitute our knowledge are grounded in sensory and motor experiences, and processed at this sensorimotor level, rather than being represented and processed abstractly in an amodal conceptual system. Given the established empirical foundation, and the relatively underspecified theories to date, many researchers are extremely interested in embodied cognition but are clamouring for more mechanistic implementations. What is needed at this stage is a push toward explicit computational models that implement sensory-motor grounding as intrinsic to cognitive processes. In this article, six authors from varying backgrounds and approaches address issues concerning the construction of embodied computational models, and illustrate what they view as the critical current and next steps toward mechanistic theories of embodiment. The first part has the form of a dialogue between two fictional characters: Ernest, the �experimenter�, and Mary, the �computational modeller�. The dialogue consists of an interactive sequence of questions, requests for clarification, challenges, and (tentative) answers, and touches the most important aspects of grounded theories that should inform computational modeling and, conversely, the impact that computational modeling could have on embodied theories. The second part of the article discusses the most important open challenges for embodied computational modelling
Conjunctive Visual and Auditory Development via Real-Time Dialogue
Human developmental learning is capable of
dealing with the dynamic visual world, speech-based
dialogue, and their complex real-time association.
However, the architecture that realizes
this for robotic cognitive development has
not been reported in the past. This paper takes
up this challenge. The proposed architecture does
not require a strict coupling between visual and
auditory stimuli. Two major operations contribute
to the “abstraction” process: multiscale temporal
priming and high-dimensional numeric abstraction
through internal responses with reduced variance.
As a basic principle of developmental learning,
the programmer does not know the nature
of the world events at the time of programming
and, thus, hand-designed task-specific representation
is not possible. We successfully tested the
architecture on the SAIL robot under an unprecedented
challenging multimodal interaction mode:
use real-time speech dialogue as a teaching source
for simultaneous and incremental visual learning
and language acquisition, while the robot is viewing
a dynamic world that contains a rotating object
to which the dialogue is referring
Ongoing Emergence: A Core Concept in Epigenetic Robotics
We propose ongoing emergence as a core concept in
epigenetic robotics. Ongoing emergence refers to the
continuous development and integration of new skills
and is exhibited when six criteria are satisfied: (1)
continuous skill acquisition, (2) incorporation of new
skills with existing skills, (3) autonomous development
of values and goals, (4) bootstrapping of initial skills, (5)
stability of skills, and (6) reproducibility. In this paper
we: (a) provide a conceptual synthesis of ongoing
emergence based on previous theorizing, (b) review
current research in epigenetic robotics in light of ongoing
emergence, (c) provide prototypical examples of ongoing
emergence from infant development, and (d) outline
computational issues relevant to creating robots
exhibiting ongoing emergence
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