The Influence of Right-Wing Media on Political Racialization

The rise of right-wing media in the United States begs the question of how it is impacting American political culture. The recently increasing rate of political polarization in the United States, specifically along racial lines, poses a potential issue for American democracy. Through comparative analysis of Fox News and their counterparts in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany, this study seeks to address what specifically has caused Fox to be so successful in reproducing racial propaganda

A Media Analysis of Racism and Ethnocentrism Issues Framed in US and European Mass Media within the Setting of the 2006 FIFA World Cup Competition.

The present exploratory study, framed in agenda-setting theory, analyzes the way European and US newspapers frame racism and ethnocentrism issues, on the background of the 2006 FIFA World Cup. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, 2 research hypotheses and 9 research questions were explored. The results showed the distribution of articles that used a positive frame and the ones that used a negative frame was relatively equal across geographical regions. The US media have shown as the most ethnocentric nationality the Spanish, while the European media, the Scottish. There is an agreement across different geographical regions that the French and the German have the most tolerant or anti-discriminatory actions or attitudes. The most prominent theme to describe nationalities’ tolerant attitudes was the power of football to unify peoples and to enhance global understanding. Both the American and the European media described the Argentinean team mostly in terms of athletic skill

Neurorhetoric, Race, and the Law: Toxic Neural Pathways and Healing Alternatives

Neurorhetoric is the study of how rhetoric shapes the human brain. At the forefront of science and communication studies, neurorhetoric challenges many preconceptions about how humans respond to persuasive stimuli. Neurorhetoric can be applied to a multiplicity of relevant legal issues, including the topic of this Maryland Law Review Symposium Issue: race and advocacy. After detailing the neuroscientific and cognitive theories that underlie neurorhetoric, this Essay theorizes ways in which neurorhetoric intersects with the law, advocacy, and race. This Essay explores how toxic racial stereotypes and categories become embedded in the human brain and what can be done about it

Survey of the State of the Art in Natural Language Generation: Core tasks, applications and evaluation

This paper surveys the current state of the art in Natural Language Generation (NLG), defined as the task of generating text or speech from non-linguistic input. A survey of NLG is timely in view of the changes that the field has undergone over the past decade or so, especially in relation to new (usually data-driven) methods, as well as new applications of NLG technology. This survey therefore aims to (a) give an up-to-date synthesis of research on the core tasks in NLG and the architectures adopted in which such tasks are organised; (b) highlight a number of relatively recent research topics that have arisen partly as a result of growing synergies between NLG and other areas of artificial intelligence; (c) draw attention to the challenges in NLG evaluation, relating them to similar challenges faced in other areas of Natural Language Processing, with an emphasis on different evaluation methods and the relationships between them.Comment: Published in Journal of AI Research (JAIR), volume 61, pp 75-170. 118 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

Integration: The Cultural Politics Of Migration And Nation In The New German Public

This dissertation examines public discourse on culture and integration and asks how do mediated public discussions about integration reproduce norms of national culture and identity that operate to represent and manage “Other” (immigrant, minority, etc.) populations in the German context? Through a case study approach, this dissertation uses critical discourse theory to analyze public campaigns, media events, and mediated controversies since the mid-2000s that sought to define the qualifications for cultural citizenship. Although in recent years an increasing number of publications have addressed Germany’s diverse and transnational population, examinations of processes and policies of integration have tended to focus either on the level of the government or on the level of everyday life. Although ideas about integration and multiculturalism are predominantly forged through events and the surrounding representations in the media, the mid-level processes of the media sphere have been neglected in scholarship. Using Foucault’s theories on biopolitics, I argue that integration discourse divides the population into normative nationals and candidates for integration, consisting of individuals with apparent immigrant heritage. This division sets up a neoliberal framework of perpetual evaluation that separates the productive from the threatening integration candidates while reinforcing normative foundations of Germanness. This dissertation includes three sections. The first outlines two major foundations of German national ideas: The Romantic nation represented by the idea of Heimat and the rational, Enlightenment notion of Germany as a bastion of Western values. This section examines the historical and theoretical underpinnings of these schemas of identity and the place of “new Germans” within them. The second section examines the construction of “the new Germany” in the first decade of the new millennium through the media’s celebration of immigrant patriots and the emergence of “soccer patriotism.” The three chapters in this section examine three different cases in the media that illuminate the relationship between patriotism and productivity and the role of diversity in this new national formation. The third section analyzes media events that construct boundaries separating integration successes from failures. These cases expose the continuities linking celebrations and condemnations of immigrants and new Germans

National stereotypes in the Daily Telegraph’s and the Daily Mirror’s Euro 2012 match reports

Antud töö peamine eesmärk on uurida rahvusstereotüüpide kasutamise sagedust ja olemust pealkirjas mainitud ajalehtede mängureportaažides toetudes tekstianalüüsi metoodikale. Töö sissejuhatuses antakse ülevaade spordist kui nähtusest, milles ning mille kaudu luuakse rahvuse, rassi, soo, klassi ning piirkondliku päritoluga seotud identiteete ning ideoloogiaid. Esimeses ehk teoreetilises peatükis antakse esiteks ülevaade meedia rollist tegelikkuse kujundamisel ning kujutamisel. Seejärel antakse lühiülevaade tabloid- ning kvaliteetlehtedest. Järgnevalt analüüsitakse vähemusrahvuste ning immigrantide kujutamist meedias toetudes Teun van Dijki töödele, mis keskenduvad postiivse enesekujutamise ning negatiivse teiste-kujutamise strateegiatele. Viimaks vaadeldakse meedia ning spordi ja meedia, spordi ja rahvuse vahelisi seoseid. Teises ehk analüüsipeatükis analüüsitakse rahvusstereotüüpide olemust 2012. aasta jalgpalli EMi kajastuses toetudes varasematele sarnastele töödele, et näha mil moel on rahvusstereotüübid jalgpallimeedias aja jooksul muuutnud. Keskendutakse nö suurtele jalgpalliriikidele, kelle kohta käivad stereotüübid on aja jooksul olnud sagedasemad ning selgemini defineeritud ja kinnistunud. Samuti keskendutakse sõjametefooride tähtsusele jalgpallimeedias. Kokkuvõttes leitakse, et rahvusmeeskondade ning rahvuste kajastuses ei ole olnud märkimisväärseid muutusi, kuna inglasi kujutatakse jätkuvalt ‘Lõvisüdame’ kujundi kaudu ning sakslasi ja prantslasi seostatakse jätkuvalt vastavalt selliste omadustega nagu ‘efektiivus, agressioon/tugevus’ ning ‘elegants ja õrn psüühika’. Samas tõdetakse, et stereotüübid ei olnud vahest nii ksenofoobsed, vaenulikud ja jämedad kui oleks eelneva kajastuse põhjal võinud eeldada

Beyond Filter Bubbles and Echo Chambers: The Integrative Potential of the Internet

Are online audiences today fragmented into echo chambers or filter bubbles? Do users only see what digital platforms (like search engines or social media) let them see? And if so, what are the consequences for the cohesion of a society? Concerns like these abound in recent years. They attest to widely held assumptions about a negative influence of digital media or even the Internet in general on society. Empirical studies on these phenomena are, however, not as unequivocal. To understand why results from previous research are so far inconclusive, this study investigates the role of the Internet for social integration from a more general point of view. The integrative potential of the Internet is assessed to compare it with other media and ultimately better understand to what degree and due to which factors the Internet may or may not help bring society together. Using survey data, clickstream data on actual usage of websites, and data on content structures, the present work investigates how user behavior and structural features of the Internet determine its positive or negative effects on social integration. The results reveal that the Internet in general is not as bad as popular accounts of digital fragmentation may suggest. How much integrative potential can be realized via online offerings, however, depends on numerous factors on the side of the users as well as content and platform providers

White-presenting Indigenous peoples

Indigenous individuals who physically appear White, or White-presenting Indigenous Peoples (WPIPs) are a growing and unique group. Previous research indicates multi-dimensional discrimination, coming from darker-skinned Indigenous peoples (DSIPs), WPIPs themselves, and White people (Lawrence, 2004). The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of WPIPs utilizing a model of horizontal hostility (White, Schmitt, & Langer, 2006) and expectancy violation theory (e.g., Jussim, Coleman, & Lerch, 1987). Participants were 242 university of Saskatchewan students and community members (121 self-identifying as Indigenous and 121 self-identifying as White). All participants were randomly assigned to one of three conditions to view a medical school application: a WPIP target, a DSIP target, or a White target. Participants then rated the candidates on a series of traits. Results did not support horizontal hostility as modelled by White et al. (2006), whereby darker-skinned Indigenous participants would rate the WPIP candidate worse than the White candidate. Findings did, however, support the definition of horizontal hostility (White et al., 2006), as Indigenous participants rated the WPIP candidate worse than the DSIP candidate, and themes of horizontal hostility were identified in answers to open-ended questions. Findings also indicated support for in-group bias on behalf of Indigenous participants, and expectancy violation theory on behalf of White participants, as both Indigenous and White participants rated the Indigenous candidates better than the White candidate. Results are discussed within the context of lateral violence and modern prejudice