2,699 research outputs found
Hypergraph Theory: Applications in 5G Heterogeneous Ultra-Dense Networks
Heterogeneous ultra-dense network (HUDN) can significantly increase the
spectral efficiency of cellular networks and cater for the explosive growth of
data traffic in the fifth-generation (5G) communications. Due to the dense
deployment of small cells (SCs), interference among neighboring cells becomes
severe. As a result, the effective resource allocation and user association
algorithms are essential to minimize inter-cell interference and optimize
network performance. However, optimizing network resources in HUDN is extremely
complicated as resource allocation and user association are coupled. Therefore,
HUDN requires low-complexity but effective resource allocation schemes to
address these issues. Hypergraph theory has been recognized as a useful
mathematical tool to model the complex relations among multiple entities. In
this article, we show how the hypergraph models can be used to effectively
tackle resource allocation problems in HUDN. We also discuss several potential
research issues in this field
Feasibility, Architecture and Cost Considerations of Using TVWS for Rural Internet Access in 5G
The cellular technology is mostly an urban technology that has been unable to serve rural areas well. This is because the traditional cellular models are not economical for areas with low user density and lesser revenues. In 5G cellular networks, the coverage dilemma is likely to remain the same, thus widening the rural-urban digital divide further. It is about time to identify the root cause that has hindered the rural technology growth and analyse the possible options in 5G architecture to address this issue. We advocate that it can only be accomplished in two phases by sequentially addressing economic viability followed by performance progression. We deliberate how various works in literature focus on the later stage of this ‘two-phase’ problem and are not feasible to implement in the first place. We propose the concept of TV band white space (TVWS) dovetailed with 5G infrastructure for rural coverage and show that it can yield cost-effectiveness from a service provider’s perspective
Complex Systems Science meets 5G and IoT
We propose a new paradigm for telecommunications, and develop a framework
drawing on concepts from information (i.e., different metrics of complexity)
and computational (i.e., agent based modeling) theory, adapted from complex
system science. We proceed in a systematic fashion by dividing network
complexity understanding and analysis into different layers. Modelling layer
forms the foundation of the proposed framework, supporting analysis and tuning
layers. The modelling layer aims at capturing the significant attributes of
networks and the interactions that shape them, through the application of tools
such as agent-based modelling and graph theoretical abstractions, to derive new
metrics that holistically describe a network. The analysis phase completes the
core functionality of the framework by linking our new metrics to the overall
network performance. The tuning layer augments this core with algorithms that
aim at automatically guiding networks toward desired conditions. In order to
maximize the impact of our ideas, the proposed approach is rooted in relevant,
near-future architectures and use cases in 5G networks, i.e., Internet of
Things (IoT) and self-organizing cellular networks
Fundamentals of the Extremely Green, Flexible, and Profitable 5G M2M Ubiquitous Communications for Remote e-Healthcare and other Social e-Applications
The revolutionary trend of the up-to-date medicine can be formulated as wide
introduction into basic medicine fields of electronic (e-health) and mobile
(m-health) healthcare services and information applications. Unfortunately, all
list of qualified m/e-healthcare services can be provided cost-effectively only
in urban areas very good covered by broadband 4G/5G wireless communications.
Unacceptably high investments are required into deployment of the optic core
infrastructure for ubiquitous wide covering of sparsely populated rural,
remote, and difficult for access (RRD) areas using the recent (4G) and
forthcoming (5G) broadband radio access (RAN) centralized techniques,
characterized by short cells ranges, because their profitability boundary
exceeds several hundred residents per square km. Furthermore, the unprecedented
requirements and new features of the forthcoming Internet of Things (IoT),
machine-to-machine (M2M), and many other machine type IT-systems lead to a
breakthrough in designing extremely green, flexible, and cost-effective
technologies for future 5G wireless systems which will be able to reach in real
time the performance extremums, trade-off optimums and fundamental limits. This
paper examines the 5G PHY-MAC fundamentals and extremely approaches to creation
of the profitable ubiquitous remote e/m-health services and telemedicine as the
main innovation technology of popular healthcare and other social
e-Applications for RRD territories. Proposed approaches lean on summarizing and
develop the results of our previous works on RRD-adapted profitable ubiquitous
green 4G/5G wireless multifunctional technologies.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures, 2017 IEEE International Multi-Conference on
Engineering, Computer and Information Sciences (SIBIRCON
Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks: A MAC Layer Perspective
The millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency band is seen as a key enabler of
multi-gigabit wireless access in future cellular networks. In order to overcome
the propagation challenges, mmWave systems use a large number of antenna
elements both at the base station and at the user equipment, which lead to high
directivity gains, fully-directional communications, and possible noise-limited
operations. The fundamental differences between mmWave networks and traditional
ones challenge the classical design constraints, objectives, and available
degrees of freedom. This paper addresses the implications that highly
directional communication has on the design of an efficient medium access
control (MAC) layer. The paper discusses key MAC layer issues, such as
synchronization, random access, handover, channelization, interference
management, scheduling, and association. The paper provides an integrated view
on MAC layer issues for cellular networks, identifies new challenges and
tradeoffs, and provides novel insights and solution approaches.Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, to appear in IEEE Transactions on
Communication
Towards 6G Networks: Use Cases and Technologies
Reliable data connectivity is vital for the ever increasingly intelligent,
automated and ubiquitous digital world. Mobile networks are the data highways
and, in a fully connected, intelligent digital world, will need to connect
everything, from people to vehicles, sensors, data, cloud resources and even
robotic agents. Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks (that are being
currently deployed) offer significant advances beyond LTE, but may be unable to
meet the full connectivity demands of the future digital society. Therefore,
this article discusses technologies that will evolve wireless networks towards
a sixth generation (6G), and that we consider as enablers for several potential
6G use cases. We provide a full-stack, system-level perspective on 6G scenarios
and requirements, and select 6G technologies that can satisfy them either by
improving the 5G design, or by introducing completely new communication
paradigms.Comment: The paper has been accepted for publication at the IEEE
Communications Magazine, 202
Application of Machine Learning in Wireless Networks: Key Techniques and Open Issues
As a key technique for enabling artificial intelligence, machine learning
(ML) is capable of solving complex problems without explicit programming.
Motivated by its successful applications to many practical tasks like image
recognition, both industry and the research community have advocated the
applications of ML in wireless communication. This paper comprehensively
surveys the recent advances of the applications of ML in wireless
communication, which are classified as: resource management in the MAC layer,
networking and mobility management in the network layer, and localization in
the application layer. The applications in resource management further include
power control, spectrum management, backhaul management, cache management,
beamformer design and computation resource management, while ML based
networking focuses on the applications in clustering, base station switching
control, user association and routing. Moreover, literatures in each aspect is
organized according to the adopted ML techniques. In addition, several
conditions for applying ML to wireless communication are identified to help
readers decide whether to use ML and which kind of ML techniques to use, and
traditional approaches are also summarized together with their performance
comparison with ML based approaches, based on which the motivations of surveyed
literatures to adopt ML are clarified. Given the extensiveness of the research
area, challenges and unresolved issues are presented to facilitate future
studies, where ML based network slicing, infrastructure update to support ML
based paradigms, open data sets and platforms for researchers, theoretical
guidance for ML implementation and so on are discussed.Comment: 34 pages,8 figure
Towards Massive Machine Type Cellular Communications
Cellular networks have been engineered and optimized to carrying
ever-increasing amounts of mobile data, but over the last few years, a new
class of applications based on machine-centric communications has begun to
emerge. Automated devices such as sensors, tracking devices, and meters - often
referred to as machine-to-machine (M2M) or machine-type communications (MTC) -
introduce an attractive revenue stream for mobile network operators, if a
massive number of them can be efficiently supported. The novel technical
challenges posed by MTC applications include increased overhead and control
signaling as well as diverse application-specific constraints such as ultra-low
complexity, extreme energy efficiency, critical timing, and continuous data
intensive uploading. This paper explains the new requirements and challenges
that large-scale MTC applications introduce, and provides a survey on key
techniques for overcoming them. We focus on the potential of 4.5G and 5G
networks to serve both the high data rate needs of conventional human-type
communications (HTC) subscribers and the forecasted billions of new MTC
devices. We also opine on attractive economic models that will enable this new
class of cellular subscribers to grow to its full potential.Comment: accepted and to appear in the IEEE Wireless Communications Magazin
A Compact, Wide Field-of-View Gradient-index Lens Antenna for Millimeter-wave MIMO on Mobile Devices
Lens-based beam-forming antennas offer a low-power, low-cost alternative to
hybrid beamforming antenna arrays. They are ideally suited to millimeter-wave
massive MIMO systems due to their native beam-space operation and angular
selectivity and minimal dependence of high-speed data converters. We discuss
the design of a compact and low-cost lens-based beam-forming antenna for small
form-factor platforms such as small-cells and mobile devices in 5G wireless
networks. We discuss a gradient-index design method and low-cost fabrication
method based on perforated dielectrics. We discuss the need for high-contrast
permittivity ranges to achieve wide scan angles which are essential for
leveraging the full capability of massive MIMO systems (e.g., full stream
capacity). Finally, we show that by using an appropriately designed perforated
medium, gradient-index lenses with low minimum permittivity of 1.25 can achieve
a maximum beam-steering angle of 44 degrees. We suggest that such an approach
can enable practical low-loss, low-cost, and compact beam-steering lens
antennas for millimeter-wave MIMO with wide beam-steering angles.Comment: To be presented September 24-27 at the Fall 2017 Vehicular
Technologies Conference (http://ieeevtc.org/vtc2017fall/) in the "5G
Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurement, Models, and Systems" trac
A Survey on Legacy and Emerging Technologies for Public Safety Communications
Effective emergency and natural disaster management depend on the efficient
mission-critical voice and data communication between first responders and
victims. Land Mobile Radio System (LMRS) is a legacy narrowband technology used
for critical voice communications with limited use for data applications.
Recently Long Term Evolution (LTE) emerged as a broadband communication
technology that has a potential to transform the capabilities of public safety
technologies by providing broadband, ubiquitous, and mission-critical voice and
data support. For example, in the United States, FirstNet is building a
nationwide coast-to-coast public safety network based of LTE broadband
technology. This paper presents a comparative survey of legacy and the
LTE-based public safety networks, and discusses the LMRS-LTE convergence as
well as mission-critical push-to-talk over LTE. A simulation study of LMRS and
LTE band class 14 technologies is provided using the NS-3 open source tool. An
experimental study of APCO-25 and LTE band class 14 is also conducted using
software-defined radio, to enhance the understanding of the public safety
systems. Finally, emerging technologies that may have strong potential for use
in public safety networks are reviewed.Comment: Accepted at IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorial
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