Virtual Reality simulator for dental anesthesia training in the inferior alveolar nerve block

Objectives This study shows the development and validation of a dental anesthesia-training simulator, specifically for the inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). The system developed provides the tactile sensation of inserting a real needle in a human patient, using Virtual Reality (VR) techniques and a haptic device that can provide a perceived force feedback in the needle insertion task during the anesthesia procedure. Material and Methods To simulate a realistic anesthesia procedure, a Carpule syringe was coupled to a haptic device. The Volere method was used to elicit requirements from users in the Dentistry area; Repeated Measures Two-Way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), Tukey post-hoc test and averages for the results’ analysis. A questionnaire-based subjective evaluation method was applied to collect information about the simulator, and 26 people participated in the experiments (12 beginners, 12 at intermediate level, and 2 experts). The questionnaire included profile, preferences (number of viewpoints, texture of the objects, and haptic device handler), as well as visual (appearance, scale, and position of objects) and haptic aspects (motion space, tactile sensation, and motion reproduction). Results The visual aspect was considered appropriate and the haptic feedback must be improved, which the users can do by calibrating the virtual tissues’ resistance. The evaluation of visual aspects was influenced by the participants’ experience, according to ANOVA test (F=15.6, p=0.0002, with

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Dental Hygiene Faculty Using Simulation With Dental Manikin Head Devices To Teach Local Anesthesia

This study employed a qualitative phenomenological methodology to explore the lived experiences of dental hygiene faculty using simulation with dental manikin head devices to teach local anesthesia. This study aimed to address the gap in the literature given the lack of discussion regarding dental manikin head simulation use in teaching local anesthesia within dental hygiene education. The purpose extended to explore if educators could guide students and ease anxieties by incorporating simulation in the development of treatment skills on a manikin before applying these skills to real-life interactions. John Dewey’s (1938) concept of interconnectedness between education and experience and David Kolb’s (1984) theory of experiential learning were the frameworks that directed this study. Eight semi-structured interviews were conducted to answer this study’s research questions. Four themes emerged from this study’s findings, including empowerment, beneficial preparation, concerns as a challenge, and support. This study’s participants reported their experiences related to the use of simulation with dental manikin head devices in teaching local anesthesia education and described the benefits and challenges in preparing students to administer local anesthesia. This research added additional perspective to the limited body of literature regarding the lived experiences of dental hygiene faculty using simulation with dental manikin head devices to teach local anesthesia. Findings implied that simulation training fosters faculty teaching methods and student development by easing student uncertainties, increasing confidence levels, and enhancing hands-on skills and critical thinking skills within a safer and less intimidating learning environment

Development of a Haptic Training Simulation for the Administration of Dental Anaesthesia based upon Accurate Anatomical Data

In the dental curriculum, the initial administration of local anaesthesia injection on live patients is critical and students may experience a high degree of anxiety. Low self-confidence often caused by insufficient knowledge of anatomy has been repeatedly reported as one of the major causes. In this paper, we focus on the development of a haptic training system based upon an accurate anatomical model, which aims to encourage self-paced learning of the practical skills that are required in such procedures and to increase students’ self-confidence. We first present the workflow we have considered to develop an accurate anatomical model of the human head and neck and introduce a Virtual Reality-based application commissioned by NHS Education for Scotland to support the learning of the anatomy in a safe and repeatable manner. Finally, we describe the functionalities of the haptic training system and discuss further developments with regard to existing research outcomes

The emerging role of virtual reality as an adjunct to procedural sedation and anesthesia: a narrative review

Over the past 20 years, there has been a significant reduction in the incidence of adverse events associated with sedation outside of the operating room. Non-pharmacologic techniques are increasingly being used as peri-operative adjuncts to facilitate and promote anxiolysis, analgesia and sedation, and to reduce adverse events. This narrative review will briefly explore the emerging role of immersive reality in the peri-procedural care of surgical patients. Immersive virtual reality (VR) is intended to distract patients with the illusion of “being present” inside the computer-generated world, drawing attention away from their anxiety, pain, and discomfort. VR has been described for a variety of procedures that include colonoscopies, venipuncture, dental procedures, and burn wound care. As VR technology develops and the production costs decrease, the role and application of VR in clinical practice will expand. It is important for medical professionals to understand that VR is now available for prime-time use and to be aware of the growing body in the literature that supports VR.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Positive Influence Of A Dental Anaesthesia Simulation Model On The Perception Of Learning By Mexican Dental Students

Introduction: This study evaluated the influence of 3-repetition training with a dental anesthesia simulation model (DASM) on the perception of learning by dental students. Materials and methods: Dental students who had never used a dental anesthesia technique were randomly divided into 2 groups that were taught the anterior superior alveolar nerve infiltrative anesthesia technique. Group 1 (G1, N=10) followed a 3-stage learning method: 1st) theoretical lecture, 2nd) clinical demonstration, and 3rd) DASM training, including 3 repetitions of the anesthesia technique. Group 2 (G2, N=10) followed only the 1st and 2nd stages. The students in both groups then performed the anesthesia technique. The perception of the students was evaluated by 4 learning concepts. Each was evaluated with a 5-point Likert Scale questionnaire. The average score of each item of the questionnaire for G1 was compared with that of G2. Statistically significant differences were identified with the Mann-Whitney test. The average working time of each group was timed and compared by Student’s t-test to identify possible statistically significant differences. Results: Students in G1 showed higher average scores of perception in controlling the handling of the dental syringe and confidence in performing the injection (p\u3c0.05), and showed an average working time shorter than that of the students in G2 (p\u3c0.05). Conclusion: The DASM positively influenced the perception learning of the dental students; it increased their confidence and syringe handling ability, as well as skills to perform the injection of anesthesia more quickly

Interventions for the Reduction of Dental Anxiety and Corresponding Behavioral Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) can greatly inhibit a child\u27s communication and social interaction skills, impacting their comfort during dental hygiene treatment and services. Children with ASD may exhibit sensory sensitivities, fear of the unfamiliar and lack of socio-cognitive understanding, leading to anxiety and corresponding behavioral deficits. Since the prevalence rates for ASD have risen significantly in the past decade, increased emphasis has been placed on educational and behavior guidance techniques, which can be helpful for children with ASD because of their increased capabilities in visual-processing. The purpose of this literature review is to summarize the interventions available to reduce dental anxiety in children with ASD, and to determine which strategies are best suited for implementation by the dental hygienist. Advancements in technology and socio-behavioral interventions were assessed for appropriate use, efficacy and engagement in the target population. Interventions were categorized into the following groups: picture cards, video technologies and mobile applications

Augmented reality in clinical dental training and education

Dentistry is a profession that requires coordinated motor skills in addition to acquired knowledge for ideal execution of any treatment plan for patients. Learning experiences have been modified over a period of time for students as well as for the healthcare providers. Conventional pre-clinical training employed the use of cadavers, but financial, ethical and supervisory constraints have become a major shortcoming. With the adaptation of technology in dentistry, pre-clinical training has now employed simulation. It provides the opportunity for students to develop psychomotor skills for procedures by practising pre-clinical, standardised learning competencies before they engage in patient-management. Simulation involves computer-aided learning, augmented reality and virtual reality, which are largely taking over pre-clinical teaching. Augmented reality is commonly being employed in maxillofacial, restorative, tooth morphology learning and mastering technique for administering local anaesthesia in dentistry. Virtual reality is being employed particularly in pre-treatment implant planning and dental education for students. Use of haptic technology, like robotics, is also gaining popularity, and facilitates a two-way communication between the user and the environment to better simulate the clinical setting for learning purposes

Virtual reality and behaviour management in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review

Background: Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as an innovative tool in medicine and dentistry, improving anxiety and pain management in children. The immersive and interactive environments of VR technology facilitate positive engagement of young patients during dental procedures via distraction, potentially reducing anxiety levels and improving treatment experience. The aim of this review was to provide current evidence-based guidance on the usage of VR in the clinical practice of paediatric dentistry. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines with the following research question using the PICO format: Does VR (I) effectively manage anxiety and pain (O) during a paediatric dental consultation (P) compared to alternative behavioural control techniques (C)? PubMed/Medline®, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were searched and analysed. Results: A total of 22 randomised control trials were included in this review. These studies have shown that VR is a highly effective method of behaviour management, successfully alleviating pain and anxiety in children during dental treatment, surpassing traditional tools. Selected studies included participants with a large age range and dental procedures varied greatly, from first consultations to infiltration of local anaesthetic and other invasive procedures. VR was mostly used during treatment delivery and different immersive VR techniques were considered. Behaviour, anxiety and pain scales were used to determine efficacy and patient satisfaction. Conclusions: VR offers an engaging and immersive experience, effectively diverting patients' attention away from the clinical environment, fostering a positive and enjoyable treatment experience. However, it is important to acknowledge the limitations of existing studies and the need for further research to enhance the understanding of VR's full potential in paediatric dentistry.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The effect of 3D stereopsis and hand-tool alignment on learning effectiveness and skill transfer of a VR-based simulator for dental training

Dental simulators gained prevalence in recent years. Important aspects distinguishing VR hardware configurations are 3D stereoscopic rendering and visual alignment of the user's hands with the virtual tools. New dental simulators are often evaluated without analysing the impact of these simulation aspects. In this paper, we seek to determine the impact of 3D stereoscopic rendering and of hand-tool alignment on the teaching effectiveness and skill assessment accuracy of a VR dental simulator. We developed a bimanual simulator using an HMD and two haptic devices that provides an immersive environment with both 3D stereoscopic rendering and hand-tool alignment. We then independently controlled for each of the two aspects of the simulation. We trained four groups of students in root canal access opening using the simulator and measured the virtual and real learning gains. We quantified the real learning gains by pre- and post-testing using realistic plastic teeth and the virtual learning gains by scoring the training outcomes inside the simulator. We developed a scoring metric to automatically score the training outcomes that strongly correlates with experts' scoring of those outcomes. We found that hand-tool alignment has a positive impact on virtual and real learning gains, and improves the accuracy of skill assessment. We found that stereoscopic 3D had a negative impact on virtual and real learning gains, however it improves the accuracy of skill assessment. This finding is counter-intuitive, and we found eye-tooth distance to be a confounding variable of stereoscopic 3D, as it was significantly lower for the monoscopic 3D condition and negatively correlates with real learning gain. The results of our study provide valuable information for the future design of dental simulators, as well as simulators for other high-precision psycho-motor tasks.Comment: 26 pages, 15 figures, Accepted at online journal PLoS ON

Ameliyata bağlı anksiyeteyi azaltmada karma gerçeklik

Augmented reality and virtual reality are some of the innovative products found in the healthcare industry. The use of these products in the hospital environment is becoming widespread today. The use of these methods can contribute to changing the diagnosis or treatment experiences that cause individuals to experience negative emotions with these products with different areas of use. In addition, it is predicted that both methods can produce effective results in the fields of health education in individuals, developing desired behavior in health management, preparing and disseminating programs for patient information and behavioral changes. It has been determined that these technologies, which produce effective results in the management of stress and anxiety, have similar results in the operating room. The article discusses the results of using virtual and augmented reality technologies for different purposes in healthcare. The information discussed is expected to raise awareness of the usage areas of the technologies in question and to shed light on studies for different areas of use.Artırılmış gerçeklik ve sanal gerçeklik sağlık sektöründe yer bulan yenilikçi ürünlerden bazılarıdır. Bu ürünlerin hastane ortamında kullanımı günümüzde oldukça yaygınlaşmaktadır. Farklı kullanım alanları bulunan bu ürünlerle bireylerin olumsuz duygular yaşamasına neden olan tanı ya da tedavi deneyimlerini değiştirmede bu yöntemlerin kullanılması katkı sağlayabilir. Ayrıca her iki yöntemin de bireylerde sağlık eğitimi, sağlığın yönetiminde istendik davranışı geliştirme, hasta bilgilendirmesi ve davranış değişiklikleri için programların hazırlanması ve yaygınlaştırılması alanlarında etkili sonuçlar oluşturabileceği öngörülmektedir. Stres ve anksiyete yönetiminde etkili sonuçlar oluşturan bu teknolojilerin ameliyathanede de benzer sonuçlar oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Makale sanal ve artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojilerinin sağlık alanında farklı amaçlarla kullanımına ilişkin sonuçları ele almaktadır. Ele alınan bilgilerin, söz konusu teknolojilerin kullanım alanlarına ilişkin farkındalık oluşturması ve farklı kullanım alanları için çalışmalara ışık tutması beklenmektedir.No sponso