Modelling the Interoperability and the Use of Control Equipment in Electrical Substations

Simulators can be defined as information systems which reliably reproduce specific phenomena and they are mainly used in training, although their field of application has grown to include manufacturing and medicine among others. In electrical engineering, simulation is an indispensable tool when working with complex systems due to the fact that it enables engineers to understand how systems work without actually needing to see them. They can learn how they work in different circumstances and optimize their design with considerably less cost in terms of time and money than if they had to carry out tests on a physical system. By using computer simulation, not only can an electrical system be designed, but it can also be optimized and its behavior examined in-depth more quickly and cheaply than by using prototypes, tests or analytical studies. Therefore, by being able to see the responses produced as the different parameters are varied, a much deeper understanding of the system under study is reached. In order to properly simulate a virtual world, technologies such as realistic graphics and dynamic simulation with real-time calculations must be used. Peripherals must be used for the system to interact with the user and the immersion comes as a result of stimuli to sight, hearing and touch. A critical factor is the possibility to solve the equations in real-time; that is, there should be no delay compared to the normal environment’s response. There is an important amount of effort being directed towards these objectives. This paragraphs deals with the development of an operation simulator for training and the fundamental objective is to develop a simulator for electrical substations. It will present the methodology to model, simulate and optimize the interoperability and the use of control equipment in electrical an substation to train operators by means of a virtual reality environment

Review of Web Mapping: Eras, Trends and Directions

Web mapping and the use of geospatial information online have evolved rapidly over the past few decades. Almost everyone in the world uses mapping information, whether or not one realizes it. Almost every mobile phone now has location services and every event and object on the earth has a location. The use of this geospatial location data has expanded rapidly, thanks to the development of the Internet. Huge volumes of geospatial data are available and daily being captured online, and are used in web applications and maps for viewing, analysis, modeling and simulation. This paper reviews the developments of web mapping from the first static online map images to the current highly interactive, multi-sourced web mapping services that have been increasingly moved to cloud computing platforms. The whole environment of web mapping captures the integration and interaction between three components found online, namely, geospatial information, people and functionality. In this paper, the trends and interactions among these components are identified and reviewed in relation to the technology developments. The review then concludes by exploring some of the opportunities and directions

Harmony An Architecture For Network Centric Heterogeneous Terrain Database Re-generation

Homogeneous proprietary online terrain databases are prolific. So also is the one directional generation and update process for these terrain databases. The existence of architectures and common ontologies that enable consistent and harmonious outcomes between distributed, multi-directional, heterogeneous terrain databases are lacking. Further due to technological change that empowers end-users, the expectations for immediate terrain database update are constantly increasing. As an example, a variety of incompatible synthetic environmental representations are used for military Modeling and Simulation applications. Regeneration and near-real-time update of compiled synthetic environments in a distributed, heterogeneous run time environment is an issue that is relevant to correlation of geospecific representations that are optimized for live, virtual, constructive and distributed simulation applications. Military systems of systems like the Future Combat Systems are emblematic of the regeneration challenge. The battlefields of the future will need constant updates of diverse synthetic representations of the real world environment. These updates will be driven by near real-time data from the battlefield as well as other constantly evolving intelligence and remote sensing sources. Since the Future Combat Systems will use embedded training, it will need to maintain a representation correlated with the actual battlefield as well as many other systems. To iv achieve this correlation, constant updates to the heterogeneous synthetic environment representations in the Future Combat Systems platforms will be required. An approach to overcoming the implicit bandwidth and communication limitations is to limit updates to changes only. Today’s traditional military Terrain Database (TDB) generation systems convert standard geographical source data products into many different target formats using what is refer to as pipeline flow paradigm. In the pipeline paradigm, TDBs are originally generated centrally upstream and flow downstream out to numerous divergent and distributed formats. In the pipeline paradigm, updates are centrally managed and distributed. This pipeline paradigm does not account for updates occurring on target formats and therefore such updates are not reflected upstream on the source data that originally generated the TDB. Since target format changes are not incorporated into the upstream geographical source data, adjacent streams of dependent target formats derived from the same geographical source data may not receive the changes either. The outcome of change in the pipeline TDB generation systems paradigm is correlation and interoperability errors between target formats as well as between the original upstream data source. An alternative paradigm that addresses data synchronization of geographical source data and target formats while accommodating bandwidth limitation is needed. This v dissertation proposes a “partial bi-directional TDB regeneration” paradigm, which envisions network based TDB updates between reliable partners. Partial bi-directional TDB regeneration is an approach that is very attractive as it reduces the amount of changes by only updating the affected target format data element. This research, presents an implementation of distributed, partial and bi-directional TDB regeneration through agent theory and ontologies over a network. Agent theory and ontologies are used to interpret data changes on external target formats and implement the necessary transformations on the Internal TDB generation system data elements to achieve consistency between all correlated representations. In this approach a variety of agents will exist and their behavior and knowledge will be customized based on ontologies that describe the target format. It is expected that such a system will provide a TDB generation paradigm that can address the implicit issues of: distribution, time, expertise, monetary, labor-constraints, and update frequency, while addressing the explicit issue of correlation between the external targets formats over time and at the same time reducing bandwidth requirements associated with traditional TDB generation system

CONVR 2011 : Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Realit

Across Space and Time. Papers from the 41st Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology, Perth, 25-28 March 2013

This volume presents a selection of the best papers presented at the forty-first annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology. The theme for the conference was "Across Space and Time", and the papers explore a multitude of topics related to that concept, including databases, the semantic Web, geographical information systems, data collection and management, and more