Introduction : Viewing animals

The introduction to this special issue of Worldviews goes back to the first European encounters with the New World as a way of opening up a discussion about the nature of viewing animals. I argue that, just as the Europeans transformed this New World into a recognisable one in the sixteenth century, so too do we constantly transform the natural world that we view. The process of comprehension is offered as classification followed by observation, then representation, and all of these elements of our engagements with animals take place, I argue, in particular contexts: historical, geographical, cultural, intellectual. The critic "reading" animals, and reading human observations of animals must take these factors into consideration when thinking about the act of engagement

Assessing the Distracting Viewing Environment for Televised Sports and its Relationship to Advertising Recall

The viewing of televised sports, like other television viewing situations, is often accompanied by many audience distractions. These distractions, which are particularly acute in the viewing of televised sports, include group viewing, wagering, and food and beverage consumption. All these activities may influence the impact of advertising placed within sports programs, which totals almost $3 billion annually. This study uses reports of the activities listed above by individuals while viewing pro football\u27s Super Bowl and gathered through a day-after national coincidental sample, to assess the relationship of these distractions to advertising recall. Regression results show that the consumption of certain foods and beverages, as well as conditions common to viewing televised sports, are related to recall of commercials. Growing use of database marketing, linking product purchases with viewing habits, broadens the implications of these findings for future media planning

Investigation into the selection of viewing configurations for three-component planar Doppler velocimetry measurements.

A method for the calculation of three orthogonal velocity components in planar Doppler velocimetry (PDV) using four or more measured velocity components (to the three typically used) is presented. The advantages and disadvantages are assessed by use of a Monte Carlo simulation and experimental measurements of the velocity field of a rotating disk. The addition of a fourth velocity component has been shown to lead to reductions in the final errors of up to 25%. The selection of viewing configurations for experiments is discussed by simulation of the level of errors in measured velocity components and investigation of the final level of errors in the orthogonal velocity components. Experimental measurements of the velocity field of a rotating disk are presented, demonstrating the effect of the viewing configuration on the final level of error

Neutron radiographic viewing system

Neutron radiographic viewing system consisting of camera head and control processor is developed for use in nondestructive testing applications. Camera head consists of neutron-sensitive image intensifier system, power supply, and SEC vidicon camera head. Both systems, with their optics, are housed on test mount

Parental modelling, media equipment and screen-viewing among young children : cross-sectional study

Objective: To examine whether parental screenviewing, parental attitudes or access to media equipment were associated with the screen-viewing of 6-year-old to 8-year-old children. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Online survey. Main outcome: Parental report of the number of hours per weekday that they and, separately, their 6- year-old to 8-year-old child spent watching TV, using a games console, a smart-phone and multiscreen viewing. Parental screen-viewing, parental attitudes and pieces of media equipment were exposures. Results: Over 75% of the parents and 62% of the children spent more than 2 h/weekday watching TV. Over two-thirds of the parents and almost 40% of the children spent more than an hour per day multiscreen viewing. The mean number of pieces of media equipment in the home was 5.9 items, with 1.3 items in the child’s bedroom. Children who had parents who spent more than 2 h/day watching TV were over 7.8 times more likely to exceed the 2 h threshold. Girls and boys who had a parent who spent an hour or more multiscreen viewing were 34 times more likely to also spend more than an hour per day multiscreen viewing. Media equipment in the child’s bedroom was associated with higher TV viewing, computer time and multiscreen viewing. Each increment in the parental agreement that watching TV was relaxing for their child was associated with a 49% increase in the likelihood that the child spent more than 2 h/day watching TV. Conclusions: Children who have parents who engage in high levels of screen-viewing are more likely to engage in high levels of screen-viewing. Access to media equipment, particularly in the child’s bedroom, was associated with higher levels of screen-viewing. Family-based strategies to reduce screen-viewing and limit media equipment access may be important ways to reduce child screen-viewing

Responsible Marine Wildlife Viewing

Marine wildlife viewing is good for Alaska's economy, and good for the participants' souls. But is it good for the animals? The answer is yes, if boaters and tide-poolers use care when near the animals. This publication describes laws and guidelines for observing whales, sea lions, walruses, sea otters, coastal birds, and other animals. Charter operators and nature tour leaders will find it a concise source of information that ensures the comfort of marine mammals and other wildlife as customers get thrilling views.Ye

Presidential Election viewing party

The center holds an election night viewing party and allows students to witness history

Television viewing and obesity among Iranian children: The importance of economic status and residential area

Background: Obesity is a health problem among adolescents worldwide and television (TV) viewing could promote it in several ways. Objective: To determine the association between time spent on TV viewing and obesity considering economic status and residential area in primary schoolchildren in the north of Iran. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on primary schoolchildren from 112 schools. Schools and students were chosen by cluster sampling. All children completed a questionnaire containing questions on the socio-economic condition. Overweight and obesity were classified based on the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) values with body mass index (BMI) in excess of the 85th and 95th percentiles, respectively. Daily time spent on TV viewing was classified into 3 groups: less than 1 hour or no watching, 1-2 hours and 3 hours or over. SPSS 16.0 software was used for statistical data analysis. Results: Study population comprised 7,453 primary schoolchildren (urban 3,662, rural 3,791). Of the subjects 52.7 viewed TV for 3 hours or more. In boys, prevalence of obesity had a positive association with TV viewing time but in girls, it was not a steady trend. In urban areas, time spent on TV viewing was in line with obesity but wasting significantly decreased with more time spent on TV viewing (P=0.001). This association was not seen in rural children. In the poor economic group, prevalence of obesity significantly decreased with more time spent on TV viewing (P=0.041) but this trend was not found in the moderate economic group. In the good economic group, the association between obesity and time spent on the TV viewing was not significant. Conclusion: About half of Iranian northern schoolchildren spent 3 hours or more daily viewing TV. A positive association between time spent on TV viewing and obesity was seen in high income families and in urban areas

TV Viewing versus Play - Trends and Impact on Obesity

A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted involving 10000 students from randomly selected government and private schools of Amritsar district to identify the trends of TV viewing and playing in school children aged 5 years and above, to compare TV viewing in both sexes, different age groups and urban versus rural children and to study the impact of TV viewing and playing on obesity in children. The results showed that TV viewing has replaced outdoor playing in most children, irrespective of age, sex and residence. A positive relation between TV viewing and obesity was also documented