5,057 research outputs found
Adaptive Electricity Scheduling in Microgrids
Microgrid (MG) is a promising component for future smart grid (SG)
deployment. The balance of supply and demand of electric energy is one of the
most important requirements of MG management. In this paper, we present a novel
framework for smart energy management based on the concept of
quality-of-service in electricity (QoSE). Specifically, the resident
electricity demand is classified into basic usage and quality usage. The basic
usage is always guaranteed by the MG, while the quality usage is controlled
based on the MG state. The microgrid control center (MGCC) aims to minimize the
MG operation cost and maintain the outage probability of quality usage, i.e.,
QoSE, below a target value, by scheduling electricity among renewable energy
resources, energy storage systems, and macrogrid. The problem is formulated as
a constrained stochastic programming problem. The Lyapunov optimization
technique is then applied to derive an adaptive electricity scheduling
algorithm by introducing the QoSE virtual queues and energy storage virtual
queues. The proposed algorithm is an online algorithm since it does not require
any statistics and future knowledge of the electricity supply, demand and price
processes. We derive several "hard" performance bounds for the proposed
algorithm, and evaluate its performance with trace-driven simulations. The
simulation results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed electricity
scheduling algorithm.Comment: 12 pages, extended technical repor
What Can Wireless Cellular Technologies Do about the Upcoming Smart Metering Traffic?
The introduction of smart electricity meters with cellular radio interface
puts an additional load on the wireless cellular networks. Currently, these
meters are designed for low duty cycle billing and occasional system check,
which generates a low-rate sporadic traffic. As the number of distributed
energy resources increases, the household power will become more variable and
thus unpredictable from the viewpoint of the Distribution System Operator
(DSO). It is therefore expected, in the near future, to have an increased
number of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) devices with Phasor Measurement
Unit (PMU)-like capabilities in the distribution grid, thus allowing the
utilities to monitor the low voltage grid quality while providing information
required for tighter grid control. From a communication standpoint, the traffic
profile will change drastically towards higher data volumes and higher rates
per device. In this paper, we characterize the current traffic generated by
smart electricity meters and supplement it with the potential traffic
requirements brought by introducing enhanced Smart Meters, i.e., meters with
PMU-like capabilities. Our study shows how GSM/GPRS and LTE cellular system
performance behaves with the current and next generation smart meters traffic,
where it is clearly seen that the PMU data will seriously challenge these
wireless systems. We conclude by highlighting the possible solutions for
upgrading the cellular standards, in order to cope with the upcoming smart
metering traffic.Comment: Submitted; change: corrected location of eSM box in Fig. 1; May 22,
2015: Major revision after review; v4: revised, accepted for publicatio
DualTable: A Hybrid Storage Model for Update Optimization in Hive
Hive is the most mature and prevalent data warehouse tool providing SQL-like
interface in the Hadoop ecosystem. It is successfully used in many Internet
companies and shows its value for big data processing in traditional
industries. However, enterprise big data processing systems as in Smart Grid
applications usually require complicated business logics and involve many data
manipulation operations like updates and deletes. Hive cannot offer sufficient
support for these while preserving high query performance. Hive using the
Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) for storage cannot implement data
manipulation efficiently and Hive on HBase suffers from poor query performance
even though it can support faster data manipulation.There is a project based on
Hive issue Hive-5317 to support update operations, but it has not been finished
in Hive's latest version. Since this ACID compliant extension adopts same data
storage format on HDFS, the update performance problem is not solved.
In this paper, we propose a hybrid storage model called DualTable, which
combines the efficient streaming reads of HDFS and the random write capability
of HBase. Hive on DualTable provides better data manipulation support and
preserves query performance at the same time. Experiments on a TPC-H data set
and on a real smart grid data set show that Hive on DualTable is up to 10 times
faster than Hive when executing update and delete operations.Comment: accepted by industry session of ICDE201
Smart Grid Technologies in Europe: An Overview
The old electricity network infrastructure has proven to be inadequate, with respect to modern challenges such as alternative energy sources, electricity demand and energy saving policies. Moreover, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) seem to have reached an adequate level of reliability and flexibility in order to support a new concept of electricity networkâthe smart grid. In this work, we will analyse the state-of-the-art of smart grids, in their technical, management, security, and optimization aspects. We will also provide a brief overview of the regulatory aspects involved in the development of a smart grid, mainly from the viewpoint of the European Unio
Smart grid interoperability use cases for extending electricity storage modeling within the IEC Common Information Model
Copyright @ 2012 IEEEThe IEC Common Information Model (CIM) is recognized as a core standard, supporting electricity transmission system interoperability. Packages of UML classes make up its domain ontology to enable a standardised abstraction of network topology and proprietary power system models. Since the early days of its design, the CIM has grown to reflect the widening scope and detail of utility information use cases as the desire to interoperate between a greater number of systems has increased. The cyber-physical nature of the smart grid places even greater demand upon the CIM to model future scenarios for power system operation and management that are starting to arise. Recent developments of modern electricity networks have begun to implement electricity storage (ES) technologies to provide ancillary balancing services, useful to grid integration of large-scale renewable energy systems. In response to this we investigate modeling of grid-scale electricity storage, by drawing on information use cases for future smart grid operational scenarios at National Grid, the GB Transmission System Operator. We find current structures within the CIM do not accommodate the informational requirements associated with novel ES systems and propose extensions to address this requirement.This study is supported by the UK National Grid and Brunel Universit
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