8,060 research outputs found
Noise-based information processing: Noise-based logic and computing: what do we have so far?
We briefly introduce noise-based logic. After describing the main motivations
we outline classical, instantaneous (squeezed and non-squeezed), continuum,
spike and random-telegraph-signal based schemes with applications such as
circuits that emulate the brain functioning and string verification via a slow
communication channel.Comment: Invited talk at the 21st International Conference on Noise and
Fluctuations, Toronto, Canada, June 12-16, 201
Noise-based logic: Binary, multi-valued, or fuzzy, with optional superposition of logic states
A new type of deterministic (non-probabilistic) computer logic system
inspired by the stochasticity of brain signals is shown. The distinct values
are represented by independent stochastic processes: independent voltage (or
current) noises. The orthogonality of these processes provides a natural way to
construct binary or multi-valued logic circuitry with arbitrary number N of
logic values by using analog circuitry. Moreover, the logic values on a single
wire can be made a (weighted) superposition of the N distinct logic values.
Fuzzy logic is also naturally represented by a two-component superposition
within the binary case (N=2). Error propagation and accumulation are
suppressed. Other relevant advantages are reduced energy dissipation and
leakage current problems, and robustness against circuit noise and background
noises such as 1/f, Johnson, shot and crosstalk noise. Variability problems are
also nonexistent because the logic value is an AC signal. A similar logic
system can be built with orthogonal sinusoidal signals (different frequency or
orthogonal phase) however that has an extra 1/N type slowdown compared to the
noise-based logic system with increasing number of N furthermore it is less
robust against time delay effects than the noise-based counterpart.Comment: Accepted for publication by Physics Letters A, on December 23, 200
Phase Synchronization Operator for On-Chip Brain Functional Connectivity Computation
This paper presents an integer-based digital processor for the calculation of phase synchronization between two neural signals. It is based on the measurement of time periods between two consecutive minima. The simplicity of the approach allows for the use of elementary digital blocks, such as registers, counters, and adders. The processor, fabricated in a 0.18- μ m CMOS process, only occupies 0.05 mm 2 and consumes 15 nW from a 0.5 V supply voltage at a signal input rate of 1024 S/s. These low-area and low-power features make the proposed processor a valuable computing element in closed-loop neural prosthesis for the treatment of neural disorders, such as epilepsy, or for assessing the patterns of correlated activity in neural assemblies through the evaluation of functional connectivity maps.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-80923-POffice of Naval Research (USA) N00014-19-1-215
CMOS Vision Sensors: Embedding Computer Vision at Imaging Front-Ends
CMOS Image Sensors (CIS) are key for imaging technol-ogies. These chips are conceived for capturing opticalscenes focused on their surface, and for delivering elec-trical images, commonly in digital format. CISs may incor-porate intelligence; however, their smartness basicallyconcerns calibration, error correction and other similartasks. The term CVISs (CMOS VIsion Sensors) definesother class of sensor front-ends which are aimed at per-forming vision tasks right at the focal plane. They havebeen running under names such as computational imagesensors, vision sensors and silicon retinas, among others. CVIS and CISs are similar regarding physical imple-mentation. However, while inputs of both CIS and CVISare images captured by photo-sensors placed at thefocal-plane, CVISs primary outputs may not be imagesbut either image features or even decisions based on thespatial-temporal analysis of the scenes. We may hencestate that CVISs are more “intelligent” than CISs as theyfocus on information instead of on raw data. Actually,CVIS architectures capable of extracting and interpretingthe information contained in images, and prompting reac-tion commands thereof, have been explored for years inacademia, and industrial applications are recently ramp-ing up.One of the challenges of CVISs architects is incorporat-ing computer vision concepts into the design flow. Theendeavor is ambitious because imaging and computervision communities are rather disjoint groups talking dif-ferent languages. The Cellular Nonlinear Network Univer-sal Machine (CNNUM) paradigm, proposed by Profs.Chua and Roska, defined an adequate framework forsuch conciliation as it is particularly well suited for hard-ware-software co-design [1]-[4]. This paper overviewsCVISs chips that were conceived and prototyped at IMSEVision Lab over the past twenty years. Some of them fitthe CNNUM paradigm while others are tangential to it. Allthem employ per-pixel mixed-signal processing circuitryto achieve sensor-processing concurrency in the quest offast operation with reduced energy budget.Junta de Andalucía TIC 2012-2338Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC 2015-66878-C3-1-R y TEC 2015-66878-C3-3-
VLSI Design
This book provides some recent advances in design nanometer VLSI chips. The selected topics try to present some open problems and challenges with important topics ranging from design tools, new post-silicon devices, GPU-based parallel computing, emerging 3D integration, and antenna design. The book consists of two parts, with chapters such as: VLSI design for multi-sensor smart systems on a chip, Three-dimensional integrated circuits design for thousand-core processors, Parallel symbolic analysis of large analog circuits on GPU platforms, Algorithms for CAD tools VLSI design, A multilevel memetic algorithm for large SAT-encoded problems, etc
Data Mining and Machine Learning in Astronomy
We review the current state of data mining and machine learning in astronomy.
'Data Mining' can have a somewhat mixed connotation from the point of view of a
researcher in this field. If used correctly, it can be a powerful approach,
holding the potential to fully exploit the exponentially increasing amount of
available data, promising great scientific advance. However, if misused, it can
be little more than the black-box application of complex computing algorithms
that may give little physical insight, and provide questionable results. Here,
we give an overview of the entire data mining process, from data collection
through to the interpretation of results. We cover common machine learning
algorithms, such as artificial neural networks and support vector machines,
applications from a broad range of astronomy, emphasizing those where data
mining techniques directly resulted in improved science, and important current
and future directions, including probability density functions, parallel
algorithms, petascale computing, and the time domain. We conclude that, so long
as one carefully selects an appropriate algorithm, and is guided by the
astronomical problem at hand, data mining can be very much the powerful tool,
and not the questionable black box.Comment: Published in IJMPD. 61 pages, uses ws-ijmpd.cls. Several extra
figures, some minor additions to the tex
Distributed Online Machine Learning for Mobile Care Systems
Appendix D: Wavecomm Tech Docs removed for copyright reasonsTelecare and especially Mobile Care Systems are getting more and more
popular. They have two major benefits: first, they drastically improve
the living standards and even health outcomes for patients. In addition,
they allow significant cost savings for adult care by reducing the needs
for medical staff. A common drawback of current Mobile Care Systems
is that they are rather stationary in most cases and firmly installed in
patients’ houses or flats, which makes them stay very near to or even in
their homes. There is also an upcoming second category of Mobile Care
Systems which are portable without restricting the moving space of the
patients, but with the major drawback that they have either very limited
computational abilities and only a rather low classification quality or,
which is most frequently, they only have a very short runtime on battery
and therefore indirectly restrict the freedom of moving of the patients
once again. These drawbacks are inherently caused by the restricted
computational resources and mainly the limitations of battery based power
supply of mobile computer systems.
This research investigates the application of novel Artificial Intelligence
(AI) and Machine Learning (ML) techniques to improve the operation of
2
Mobile Care Systems. As a result, based on the Evolving Connectionist
Systems (ECoS) paradigm, an innovative approach for a highly efficient
and self-optimising distributed online machine learning algorithm called
MECoS - Moving ECoS - is presented. It balances the conflicting needs
of providing a highly responsive complex and distributed online learning
classification algorithm by requiring only limited resources in the form of
computational power and energy. This approach overcomes the drawbacks
of current mobile systems and combines them with the advantages of
powerful stationary approaches. The research concludes that the practical
application of the presented MECoS algorithm offers substantial improvements
to the problems as highlighted within this thesis
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