217 research outputs found

    VANET Applications: Hot Use Cases

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    Current challenges of car manufacturers are to make roads safe, to achieve free flowing traffic with few congestions, and to reduce pollution by an effective fuel use. To reach these goals, many improvements are performed in-car, but more and more approaches rely on connected cars with communication capabilities between cars, with an infrastructure, or with IoT devices. Monitoring and coordinating vehicles allow then to compute intelligent ways of transportation. Connected cars have introduced a new way of thinking cars - not only as a mean for a driver to go from A to B, but as smart cars - a user extension like the smartphone today. In this report, we introduce concepts and specific vocabulary in order to classify current innovations or ideas on the emerging topic of smart car. We present a graphical categorization showing this evolution in function of the societal evolution. Different perspectives are adopted: a vehicle-centric view, a vehicle-network view, and a user-centric view; described by simple and complex use-cases and illustrated by a list of emerging and current projects from the academic and industrial worlds. We identified an empty space in innovation between the user and his car: paradoxically even if they are both in interaction, they are separated through different application uses. Future challenge is to interlace social concerns of the user within an intelligent and efficient driving

    Feudalistic Platooning: Subdivide Platoons, Unite Networks, and Conquer Efficiency and Reliability

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    Cooperative intelligent transportation systems (C-ITSs) such as platooning rely on a robust and timely network that may not always be available in sufficient quality. Out of the box hybrid networks only partly eliminate shortcomings: mutual interference avoidance, data load balancing, and data dissemination must be sophisticated. Lacking network quality may lead to safety bottlenecks that require that the distance between the following vehicles be increased. However, increasing gaps result in efficiency loss and additionally compromise safety as the platoon is split into smaller parts by traffic: maneuvers, e.g., cut-in maneuvers bear safety risks, and consequently lower efficiency even further. However, platoons, especially if they are very long, can negatively affect the flow of traffic. This mainly applies on entry or exit lanes, on narrow lanes, or in intersection areas: automated and non-automated vehicles in traffic do affect each other and are interdependent. To account for varying network quality and enable the coexistence of non-automated and platooned traffic, we present in this paper a new concept of platooning that unites ad hoc—in form of IEEE 802.11p—and cellular communication: feudalistic platooning. Platooned vehicles are divided into smaller groups, inseparable by surrounding traffic, and are assigned roles that determine the communication flow between vehicles, other groups and platoons, and infrastructure. Critical vehicle data are redundantly sent while the ad hoc network is only used for this purpose. The remaining data are sent—relying on cellular infrastructure once it is available—directly between vehicles with or without the use of network involvement for scheduling. The presented approach was tested in simulations using Omnet++ and Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO)

    Distributed Graph-based Convoy Control for Networked Intelligent Vehicles

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    This paper presents an approach for formation control of multi-lane vehicular convoys in highways. We extend a Laplacian graph-based, distributed control law such that networked intelligent vehicles can join or leave the formation dynamically without jeopardizing the ensemble’s stability. Additionally, we integrate two essential control behaviors for lane-keeping and obstacle avoidance into the controller. To increase the performance of the convoy controller in terms of formation maintenance and fuel economy, the parameters of the controller are optimized in realistic scenarios using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a powerful metaheuristic optimization method well-suited for large parameter spaces. The performances of the optimized controllers are evaluated in high-fidelity multi-vehicle simulations outlining the efficiency and robustness of the proposed strategy

    Development of mathematical models to improve road freight movements for tunnel infrastructure using connected and autonomous vehicles

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    Road freight transportation is considered the backbone of country’s socio-economic framework and thus its vital to ensure it is working optimally. The research detailed in this thesis is focused on improving the movement of road freight, especially for hazardous goods vehicles via a road tunnel, with the help of Connected and Autonomous Freight Vehicles (CAV-F). The study analyses real-world Dartford Crossing tunnel data to identify the impact of existing check and allow procedures for Dangerous Goods Vehicles (DGVs) and Abnormal Load Vehicles (ALVs) at a tunnel. A near realistic traffic simulation model is developed as part of analysis and is validated against an independent Highways England’s Motorway Incident Detection and Automatic Signalling (MIDAS) data. The effectiveness of CAV-F in improving road traffic conditions is measured using different simulation scenarios involving mixed traffic (i.e. CAV-F and conventional vehicles alongside) and different real-world tunnel closure conditions. Once the effective performance of CAV-F is established, this research develops a novel mathematical model aimed at automating the check and allow procedures for DGVs at the tunnel. The mathematical model calculates the geo-reference locations for the placement of cooperative communications between the vehicles and road infrastructure to generate dynamic vehicular gaps. This will allow desired safety gaps between the platoon of DGVs and its preceding and following vehicles enabling isolated travel via the road tunnel to ensure safe and secure passage. The mathematical model is verified for different road layouts determined based on geo-referenced locations, approaching a road tunnel. Using traffic simulation, the results determine if the modulation of vehicles’ speeds at identified geo-referenced locations are suitable for desired gap generation. Finally, to conclude the research questions, the second mathematical model is developed to help uninterrupted traffic merging at the junctions, as was observed after the successful gap generation. This model could also be generalised to optimise the traffic merge sequence at a motorway junction. The approach is inspired by the noise cancellation technique which utilises destructive wave interference patterns, where vehicular flow on two merging roads is considered as traffic waves. By analysing the merge sequence of vehicles at the junction from fixed equidistant positions on separate roads, the dynamic phase shifting is applied by modulating the speeds of the identified vehicles which would otherwise approach at the junction simultaneously, leading to queue formation (or collision). The performance of the approach is then measured using a traffic simulation model and are determined against existing real-world traffic flow on motorways for improvements in travel time, and traffic throughput and reduction in congestion, with increasing traffic density

    Distributed Graph-Based Control of Convoys of Heterogeneous Vehicles using Curvilinear Road Coordinates

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    This paper investigates the problem of controlling a heterogeneous group of vehicles with the aim of forming multi-lane convoys. We use a distributed, graph-based control law, implemented in a longitudinal coordinate system parallel to the road. Each vehicle maintains a local graph with information from only nearby vehicles, in which the desired distances between vehicles are calculated dynamically. This allows for fast adaptation to the changes in the number of vehicles and their positions. We have also implemented a distributed mechanism that allows vehicles to change lane in a cooperative way within the convoy. Systematic experiments have been carried out in a high-fidelity simulator in order to show the performance of the proposed control law

    A survey on vehicular communication for cooperative truck platooning application

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    Platooning is an application where a group of vehicles move one after each other in close proximity, acting jointly as a single physical system. The scope of platooning is to improve safety, reduce fuel consumption, and increase road use efficiency. Even if conceived several decades ago as a concept, based on the new progress in automation and vehicular networking platooning has attracted particular attention in the latest years and is expected to become of common implementation in the next future, at least for trucks.The platoon system is the result of a combination of multiple disciplines, from transportation, to automation, to electronics, to telecommunications. In this survey, we consider the platooning, and more specifically the platooning of trucks, from the point of view of wireless communications. Wireless communications are indeed a key element, since they allow the information to propagate within the convoy with an almost negligible delay and really making all vehicles acting as one. Scope of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey on connected vehicles for the platooning application, starting with an overview of the projects that are driving the development of this technology, followed by a brief overview of the current and upcoming vehicular networking architecture and standards, by a review of the main open issues related to wireless communications applied to platooning, and a discussion of security threats and privacy concerns. The survey will conclude with a discussion of the main areas that we consider still open and that can drive future research directions.(c) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
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