639 research outputs found

    Road Friction Virtual Sensing:A Review of Estimation Techniques with Emphasis on Low Excitation Approaches

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    In this paper, a review on road friction virtual sensing approaches is provided. In particular, this work attempts to address whether the road grip potential can be estimated accurately under regular driving conditions in which the vehicle responses remain within low longitudinal and lateral excitation levels. This review covers in detail the most relevant effect-based estimation methods; these are methods in which the road friction characteristics are inferred from the tyre responses: tyre slip, tyre vibration, and tyre noise. Slip-based approaches (longitudinal dynamics, lateral dynamics, and tyre self-alignment moment) are covered in the first part of the review, while low frequency and high frequency vibration-based works are presented in the following sections. Finally, a brief summary containing the main advantages and drawbacks derived from each estimation method and the future envisaged research lines are presented in the last sections of the paper

    APPLICATIONS OF ENVIRONMENT-BASED DESIGN (EBD) METHODOLOGY

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    A product’s environments play a significant role in its development. In other words, any alteration in the environment surrounding a product leads to changes in its features. Hence, having a systematic procedure to analyze the product’s environments is a crucial need for industries. Environment-Based Design (EBD) methodology describes the environment of the product (excluding the product itself) and presents a rational approach to analyze it. In order to achieve an efficient product design and development process, EBD utilizes different tools. Recursive Object Model (ROM) diagram, Cause and Effect Analysis, Life Cycle Analysis, Asking Right Question and Answering are EBD’s major tools and technics. In this research, we aim to represent EBD’s capabilities for product evolution analysis, complex products development and human-centered products development. In order to demonstrate EBD’s competences for product evolution analysis, we conduct a case study of braking systems evolution analysis through analyzing the environments around them. Afterward, we perform environment analysis for aerospace design methodology in order to propose a novel design methodology for the aerospace industries. Finally, we propose a course scheduling model based on environment analysis of the academic schedules and we verify our model using Concordia University’s courses

    Integrated yaw and rollover stability control of an off-road vehicle with mechanical elastic wheel

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    An integrated control algorithm of the differential braking and the active suspension to improve yaw and rollover stability of vehicles with mechanical elastic wheel (ME-Wheel) is developed. By simplifying the structure of ME-Wheel, a fitting tire model named brush model is constructed. Then, a nonlinear 8-DOF vehicle model with ME-Wheel is built up for rollover prevention, which utilizes a predictive load transfer ratio (PLTR) as the rollover index and a Kalman filter is used to eliminate the measurement noise. In order to design an integrated control algorithm, fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative (PID) methodology is adopted by simultaneous control of the yaw and roll motions. The proposed algorithm, based on the idea that makes yaw stability controller and roll stability controller work independently first, then unifies by way of weight according to fuzz control, after that, brake force distributor selects single efficient braking wheel to achieve yaw moment and one of the front braking wheels with varying brake pressure to achieve the desired brake torque and the wheel slip regulator is designed with sliding mode control technique to prevent the wheels from locking; and the active suspension system alters the stiffness of the active suspension to prevent rollover. Simulation results show that the integrated yaw and rollover stability control system could improve the handing stability of vehicle under the limit driving conditions, and prevent rollover happening

    Next-Generation Pedal: Integration of Sensors in a Braking Pedal for a Full Brake-by-Wire System

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    This article presents a novel approach to designing and validating a fully electronic braking pedal, addressing the growing integration of electronics in vehicles. With the imminent rise of brake-by-wire (BBW) technology, the brake pedal requires electronification to keep pace with industry advancements. This research explores technologies and features for the next-generation pedal, including low-power consumption electronics, cost-effective sensors, active adjustable pedals, and a retractable pedal for autonomous vehicles. Furthermore, this research brings the benefits of the water injection technique (WIT) as the base for manufacturing plastic pedal brakes towards reducing cost and weight while enhancing torsional stiffness. Communication with original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) has provided valuable insights and feedback, facilitating a productive exchange of ideas. The findings include two sensor prototypes utilizing inductive technology and printed-ink gauges. Significantly, reduced power consumption was achieved in a Hall-effect sensor already in production. Additionally, a functional BBW prototype was developed and validated. This research presents an innovative approach to pedal design that aligns with current electrification trends and autonomous vehicles. It positions the braking pedal as an advanced component that has the potential to redefine industry standards. In summary, this research significantly contributes to the electronic braking pedal technology presenting the critical industry needs that have driven technical studies and progress in the field of sensors, electronics, and materials, highlighting the challenges that component manufacturers will inevitably face in the forthcoming years.This work has been partially supported by the grant “Ayudas para el desarrollo de proyectos de I+D mediante la contratación de personas doctoradas y la realización de doctorados industriales, programa BIKAINTEK 2019” by the Department of Economic Development, Sustainability, and Environment of the Basque Government. Additionally, this work has been partially supported by the Government of Spain, through the Center for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI) under grant agreement IDI-20200198 and by Eusko Jaularitza-Gobierno Vasco (SOC4CRIS KK-2023/00015)

    Applications of Finite Element Modeling for Mechanical and Mechatronic Systems

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    Modern engineering practice requires advanced numerical modeling because, among other things, it reduces the costs associated with prototyping or predicting the occurrence of potentially dangerous situations during operation in certain defined conditions. Thus far, different methods have been used to implement the real structure into the numerical version. The most popular uses have been variations of the finite element method (FEM). The aim of this Special Issue has been to familiarize the reader with the latest applications of the FEM for the modeling and analysis of diverse mechanical problems. Authors are encouraged to provide a concise description of the specific application or a potential application of the Special Issue

    Compendium in Vehicle Motion Engineering

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    This compendium is written for the course “MMF062 Vehicle Motion Engineering” at Chalmers University of Technology. The compendium covers more than included in that course; both in terms of subsystem designs and in terms of some teasers for more advanced studies of vehicle dynamics. Therefore, it is also useful for the more advanced course “TME102 Vehicle Modelling and Control”.The overall objective of the compendium is to educate vehicle dynamists, i.e., engineers that understand and can contribute to development of good motion and energy functionality of vehicles. The compendium focuses on road vehicles, primarily passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Smaller road vehicles, such as bicycles and single-person cars, are only very briefly addressed. It should be mentioned that there exist a lot of ground-vehicle types not covered at all, such as: off-road/construction vehicles, tracked vehicles, horse wagons, hovercrafts, or railway vehicles.Functions are needed for requirement setting, design and verification. The overall order within the compendium is that models/methods/tools needed to understand each function are placed before the functions. Chapters 3-5 describes (complete vehicle) “functions”, organised after vehicle motion directions:\ub7\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0 Chapter 3:\ua0Longitudinal\ua0dynamics\ub7\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0 Chapter 4:\ua0Lateral\ua0dynamics\ub7\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0 Chapter 5:\ua0Vertical\ua0dynamicsChapter 1 introduces automotive industry and the overall way of working there and defines required pre-knowledge from “product-generic” engineering, e.g. modelling of dynamic systems.Chapter 2 also describes the subsystems relevant for vehicle dynamics:• Wheels and Tyre\ua0• Suspension\ua0• Propulsion\ua0• Braking System\ua0• Steering System\ua0• Environment Sensing Syste

    Compendium in Vehicle Motion Engineering

    Get PDF
    This compendium is written for the course “MMF062 Vehicle Motion Engineering” at Chalmers University of Technology. The compendium covers more than included in that course; both in terms of subsystem designs and in terms of some teasers for more advanced studies of vehicle dynamics. Therefore, it is also useful for the more advanced courses, such as “TME102 Vehicle Modelling and Control”.The overall objective of the compendium is to educate engineers that understand and can contribute to development of good motion and energy functionality of vehicles. The compendium focuses on road vehicles, primarily passenger cars and commercial vehicles. Smaller road vehicles, such as bicycles and single-person cars, are only very briefly addressed. It can be mentioned that there exist a lot of ground-vehicle types not covered at all, such as: off-road/construction vehicles, tracked vehicles, horse wagons, hovercrafts, and railway vehicles.Functions are needed for requirement setting, design and verification. The overall order within the compendium is that models/methods/tools needed to understand each function are placed before the functions. Chapters 3-5 describes (complete vehicle) “functions”, organised after vehicle motion directions:\ub7\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0 Chapter 3:\ua0Longitudinal\ua0dynamics\ub7\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0 Chapter 4:\ua0Lateral\ua0dynamics\ub7\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0\ua0 Chapter 5:\ua0Vertical\ua0dynamicsChapter 1 introduces automotive industry and the overall way of working there and defines required pre-knowledge from “product-generic” engineering, e.g. modelling of dynamic systems.Chapter 2 also describes the subsystems relevant for vehicle dynamics:• Wheels and Tyre\ua0• Suspension\ua0• Propulsion\ua0• Braking System\ua0• Steering System\ua0• Environment Sensing SystemThe compendium is released in a new version each year, around October, which is the version your read now. A "latest draft" is more frequently updated and often includes some more, sometimes unfinished, material: https://chalmersuniversity.box.com/s/6igaen1ugcjzuhjziuon08axxiy817f

    The Effect Of Direct Yaw Moment On Human Controlled Vehicle Systems

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    Advances in computing technology have had a profound impact on the design and development of modern vehicle systems. These advances have provided the basis for virtual design and testing in simulated environments, as well as the development of active control systems capable of providing improved vehicle safety, efficiency, and performance. Continued developments in hybrid powertrains and on-board computing will provide for greater amounts of control, through the integration of larger numbers of actuators and more complex control schemes. The intention of this research is to investigate the effects of advanced vehicle dynamics controls on the human operated vehicle system. Hybrid electric vehicle systems incorporating multiple electric drive motors are capable of actively distributing drive and braking torque to the individual wheels of the vehicle. The modulation of these torques can be used to optimize or alter the dynamic response of the vehicle, through the application of a direct yaw moment. A control structure capable of determining and dynamically allocating appropriate control signals for over-actuated vehicle systems is proposed. A dynamic simulation of a virtual prototype BMW 330i is utilized to evaluate the effects of active drive torque vectoring on vehicle response. The effects of the proposed system on the human operator are also evaluated, through the use of driver model in-the-loop simulations. The results presented indicate the promising potential of direct yaw moment control in modulating the response of human operated vehicle systems. The interactions between the human driver model and control systems were shown to be favourable. The scientific contributions and implications of the research are detailed, including application of closed-loop simulation to engineering education. Conclusions on the efficacy of developed models, methodologies and systems are given. Finally, recommendations on potential improvements and future research regarding vehicle modelling and motion control are provided
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