Irreversible Games with Incomplete Information: The Asymptotic Value

Les jeux irréversibles sont des jeux stochastiques où une fois un état est quitté, il n'est plus jamais revisité. Cette classe contient les jeux absorbants. Cet article démontre l'existence et une caractérisation de la valeur asymptotique pour tout jeu irréversible fini à information incomplète des deux côtés. Cela généralise Mertens et Zamir 1971 pour les jeux répétés à information incomplète des deux côtés et Rosenberg 2000 pour les jeux absorbants à information incomplète d'un côté.Jeux stochastiques; jeux répétés; information incomplète; valeur asymptotique; principe de comparaison; inégalités variationelles

Irreversible Games with Incomplete Information: The Asymptotic Value

Irreversible games are stochastic games in which once the play leaves a state it never revisits that state. This class includes absorbing games. This paper proves the existence and a characterization of the asymptotic value for any finite irreversible game with incomplete information on both sides. This result extends Mertens and Zamir 1971 for repeated games with incomplete information on both sides, and Rosenberg 2000 for absorbing games with incomplete information on one side.Les jeux irréversibles sont des jeux stochastiques où une fois un état est quitté, il n'est plus jamais revisité. Cette classe contient les jeux absorbants. Cet article démontre l'existence et une caractérisation de la valeur asymptotique pour tout jeu irréversible fini à information incomplète des deux côtés. Cela généralise Mertens et Zamir 1971 pour les jeux répétés à information incomplète des deux côtés et Rosenberg 2000 pour les jeux absorbants à information incomplète d'un côté

Explicit Formulas for Repeated Games with Absorbing States

Explicit formulas for the asymptotic value and the asymptotic minmax of finite discounted absorbing games are provided. New simple proofs for the existence of the limits when the players are more and more patient (i.e. when the discount factor goes zero) are given. Similar characterizations for stationary Nash equilibrium payoffs are obtained. The results may be extended to absorbing games with compact action sets and jointly continuous payoff functions.Repeated games, stochastic games, value, minmax, Nash equilibrium

Zero-sum stopping games with asymmetric information

We study a model of two-player, zero-sum, stopping games with asymmetric information. We assume that the payoff depends on two continuous-time Markov chains (X, Y), where X is only observed by player 1 and Y only by player 2, implying that the players have access to stopping times with respect to different filtrations. We show the existence of a value in mixed stopping times and provide a variational characterization for the value as a function of the initial distribution of the Markov chains. We also prove a verification theorem for optimal stopping rules which allows to construct optimal stopping times. Finally we use our results to solve explicitly two generic examples

Advances in Zero-Sum Dynamic Games

International audienceThe survey presents recent results in the theory of two-person zero-sum repeated games and their connections with differential and continuous-time games. The emphasis is made on the following(1) A general model allows to deal simultaneously with stochastic and informational aspects.(2) All evaluations of the stage payoffs can be covered in the same framework (and not only the usual Cesàro and Abel means).(3) The model in discrete time can be seen and analyzed as a discretization of a continuous time game. Moreover, tools and ideas from repeated games are very fruitful for continuous time games and vice versa.(4) Numerous important conjectures have been answered (some in the negative).(5) New tools and original models have been proposed. As a consequence, the field (discrete versus continuous time, stochastic versus incomplete information models) has a much more unified structure, and research is extremely active

Variational optimization of probability measure spaces resolves the chain store paradox

In game theory, players have continuous expected payoff functions and can use fixed point theorems to locate equilibria. This optimization method requires that players adopt a particular type of probability measure space. Here, we introduce alternate probability measure spaces altering the dimensionality, continuity, and differentiability properties of what are now the game's expected payoff functionals. Optimizing such functionals requires generalized variational and functional optimization methods to locate novel equilibria. These variational methods can reconcile game theoretic prediction and observed human behaviours, as we illustrate by resolving the chain store paradox. Our generalized optimization analysis has significant implications for economics, artificial intelligence, complex system theory, neurobiology, and biological evolution and development.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. Replaced for minor notational correctio

A Continuous Time Approach for the Asymptotic Value in Two-Person Zero-Sum Repeated Games

International audience1 Introduction: Shapley 2 Extensions of the Shapley operator : general repeated games 3 Extensions of the Shapley operator : general evaluation 4 Asymptotic analysis: the main results 5 Asymptotic analysis - the discounted case: games with incomplete information 6 Asymptotic analysis - the continuous approach: games with incomplete information 7 Asymptotic analysis - the continuous approach: extension

Zero-sum stopping games with asymmetric information

We study a model of two-player, zero-sum, stopping games with asymmetric information. We assume that the payoff depends on two continuous-time Markov chains (X, Y), where X is only observed by player 1 and Y only by player 2, implying that the players have access to stopping times with respect to different filtrations. We show the existence of a value in mixed stopping times and provide a variational characterization for the value as a function of the initial distribution of the Markov chains. We also prove a verification theorem for optimal stopping rules which allows to construct optimal stopping times. Finally we use our results to solve explicitly two generic examples