Joint Application Of Market And Income Approaches To New Machines And Equipment Valuation Under Uncertainty

A market, income, or cost approach is a term used to describe the methods used to value assets. Meanwhile, by combining multiple methodologies, correct valuation methods can be obtained. One of these ways is based on a formula given by D.S. Lvov at one point, which connects the market values of the assessed machine and its analogue while accounting for changes in machine operating characteristics and usable life. However, when calculating the formula, it is assumed that the machine's properties do not vary over time. For a case where the operating parameters of machines fluctuate throughout operation and the useful life is random, we suggest a generalization of this formula

System Energy Assessment (SEA), Defining a Standard Measure of EROI for Energy Businesses as Whole Systems

A more objective method for measuring the energy needs of businesses, System Energy Assessment (SEA), identifies the natural boundaries of businesses as self-managing net-energy systems, of controlled and self-managing parts. The method is demonstrated using a model Wind Farm case study, and applied to defining a true physical measure of its energy productivity for society (EROI-S), the global ratio of energy produced to energy cost. The traceable needs of business technology are combined with assignable energy needs for all other operating services. That serves to correct a large natural gap in energy use information. Current methods count traceable energy receipts for technology use. Self-managing services employed by businesses outsource their own energy needs to operate, and leave no records to trace. Those uncounted energy demands are often 80% of the total embodied energy of business end products. The scale of this "dark energy" was discovered from differing global accounts, and corrected so the average energy cost per dollar for businesses would equal the world average energy use per dollar of GDP. Presently the energy needs of paid services that outsource their own energy needs are counted for lack of information to be "0". Our default assumption is to treat them as "average". The result is to assign total energy use and impacts to the demand for energy services, for a "Scope 4" GHG assessment level. Counting only the energy uses of technology understates the energy needs of business services, as if services were more energy efficient than technology. The result confirms a similar finding by Hall et. al. in 1981 [9]. We use exhaustive search for what a business needs to operate as a whole, locating a natural physical boundary for its working parts, to define businesses as physical rather than statistical subjects of science. :measurement, natural systemsComment: 33 pages, 15 figures, accepted as part of pending special issue on EROI organized by Charlie Hall for Sustainability (MDPI

Case Studies for Accountancy

This Thesis is a combination of 11 case studies written over the course of my junior year. Roughly half of these case studies were completed by myself. Case study two was completed as a group that included David Dykes, Noah Nix, and Sean Fitzhenry. Case studies six through ten were completed with Avery Andress, Josh Pearson, Olivia Meyer, and Shivani Chaudhary. These studies challenged us to research a public company and provide services for auditing, tax, and consulting. The remaining studies were a variety of research-based cases to better prepare us for the professional world. Some were more personalized to assist us in planning our career while others focused more on major issues in the world of accounting

PACIOLI 17; Innovation in the management and use of Micro Economic Databases in Agriculture

The PACIOLI network explores the need for and feasibility of innovation in farm accounting and its consequences for data gathering for policy analysis in Farm Accountancy Data Networks (FADNs). PACIOLI 17 took place in Ettenhausen, Switzerland, in June 2009. The theme of the workshop was 'Innovation in the management and use of Micro Economic Databases in Agriculture'

At the very beginning, there\u27s this dream. The role of utopia in the workings of local and cryptocurrencies

Since the 2008 financial crisis, the number of alternative currencies aiming at transforming global financial institutions, such as local and complementary currencies (LCC) and cryptocurrencies, has exploded. Yet the motivations and workings of such monies are relatively unknown. This chapter aims to fill this gap by providing a framework that uncovers the ideals pursued by alternative currencies, and the effects of those ideals on the production of money. To do so, I present a comparative analysis of the valuation infrastructure – the processes through which value(s) is produced – of one LCC, Sol Violette, and three cryptocurrencies, Bitcoin, Ğ1 “June” and impak Coin. Throughout, I elaborate on the social meaning of money and the role played by alternative currencies in contemporary capitalism. I show that 1) despite targeting the same financial institutions, the utopia pursued by alternative currencies varies significantly and 2) this utopia is at least as important as the technology (e.g. blockchain) in shaping the workings of these monies. Based on these findings, I outline some implications for the social studies of financial technologies, their effects on our societies and their regulation