17,571 research outputs found
A note on many valued quantum computational logics
The standard theory of quantum computation relies on the idea that the basic
information quantity is represented by a superposition of elements of the
canonical basis and the notion of probability naturally follows from the Born
rule. In this work we consider three valued quantum computational logics. More
specifically, we will focus on the Hilbert space C^3, we discuss extensions of
several gates to this space and, using the notion of effect probability, we
provide a characterization of its states.Comment: Pages 15, Soft Computing, 201
Is conceptual vagueness an asset? Resilience research from the perspective of philosophy of science
I analyze the research on social-ecological resilience from the perspective of philosophy of science in three steps. First, I explore to what degree resilience research exhibits conceptual vagueness. I find a wide spectrum of research, ranging from approaches relying on a concise conceptual framework to the perspective of âresilience thinkingâ, which builds on a cluster of vague concepts. Second, I set out the methodological arguments in favor and against conceptual vagueness. Merging both strands of reasoning in the third step, I conclude that a trade-off between vagueness and precision exists, which is to be solved differently depending on the context of resilience research. In some contexts, resilience research benefits from conceptual vagueness while in others it depends on precision. Specifically, I argue that in âresilience thinkingâ the trade-off might be enhanced by a coherent restructuring of the conceptual framework.vagueness, philosophy of science, precision, resilience thinking, socialecological systems
The meaning of meaning-fallibilism
Much discussion of meaning by philosophers over the last 300 years has been predicated on a Cartesian first-person authority (i.e. âinfallibilismâ) with respect to what oneâs terms mean. However this has problems making sense of the way the meanings of scientific terms develop, an increase in scientific knowledge over and above scientistsâ ability to quantify over new entities. Although a recent conspicuous embrace of rigid designation has broken up traditional meaning-infallibilism to some extent, this new dimension to the meaning of terms such as âwaterâ is yet to receive a principled epistemological undergirding (beyond the deliverances of âintuitionâ with respect to certain somewhat unusual possible worlds).
Charles Peirceâs distinctive, naturalistic philosophy of language is mined to provide a more thoroughly fallibilist, and thus more realist, approach to meaning, with the requisite epistemology. Both his pragmatism and his triadic account of representation, it is argued, produce an original approach to meaning, analysing it in processual rather than objectual terms, and opening a distinction between âmeaning for usâ, the meaning a term has at any given time for any given community and âmeaning simpliciterâ, the way use of a given term develops over time (often due to a posteriori input from the world which is unable to be anticipated in advance). This account provocatively undermines a certain distinction between âsemanticsâ and âontologyâ which is often taken for granted in discussions of realism
Intuitionism and the Modal Logic of Vagueness
Intuitionistic logic provides an elegant solution to the Sorites Paradox. Its acceptance has been hampered by two factors. First, the lack of an accepted semantics for languages containing vague terms has led even philosophers sympathetic to intuitionism to complain that no explanation has been given of why intuitionistic logic is the correct logic for such languages. Second, switching from classical to intuitionistic logic, while it may help with the Sorites, does not appear to offer any advantages when dealing with the so-called paradoxes of higher-order vagueness. We offer a proposal that makes strides on both issues. We argue that the intuitionistâs characteristic rejection of any third alethic value alongside true and false is best elaborated by taking the normal modal system S4M to be the sentential logic of the operator âit is clearly the case thatâ. S4M opens the way to an account of higher-order vagueness which avoids the paradoxes that have been thought to infect the notion. S4M is one of the modal counterparts of the intuitionistic sentential calculus and we use this fact to explain why IPC is the correct sentential logic to use when reasoning with vague statements. We also show that our key results go through in an intuitionistic version of S4M. Finally, we deploy our analysis to reply to Timothy Williamsonâs objections to intuitionistic treatments of vagueness
Intransitivity and Vagueness
There are many examples in the literature that suggest that
indistinguishability is intransitive, despite the fact that the
indistinguishability relation is typically taken to be an equivalence relation
(and thus transitive). It is shown that if the uncertainty perception and the
question of when an agent reports that two things are indistinguishable are
both carefully modeled, the problems disappear, and indistinguishability can
indeed be taken to be an equivalence relation. Moreover, this model also
suggests a logic of vagueness that seems to solve many of the problems related
to vagueness discussed in the philosophical literature. In particular, it is
shown here how the logic can handle the sorites paradox.Comment: A preliminary version of this paper appears in Principles of
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Proceedings of the Ninth
International Conference (KR 2004
Enhancement of dronogram aid to visual interpretation of target objects via intuitionistic fuzzy hesitant sets
In this paper, we address the hesitant information in enhancement task often caused by differences in image contrast. Enhancement approaches generally use certain filters which generate artifacts or are unable to recover all the objects details in images. Typically, the contrast of an image quantifies a unique ratio between the amounts of black and white through a single pixel. However, contrast is better represented by a group of pix- els. We have proposed a novel image enhancement scheme based on intuitionistic hesi- tant fuzzy sets (IHFSs) for drone images (dronogram) to facilitate better interpretations of target objects. First, a given dronogram is divided into foreground and background areas based on an estimated threshold from which the proposed model measures the amount of black/white intensity levels. Next, we fuzzify both of them and determine the hesitant score indicated by the distance between the two areas for each point in the fuzzy plane. Finally, a hyperbolic operator is adopted for each membership grade to improve the pho- tographic quality leading to enhanced results via defuzzification. The proposed method is tested on a large drone image database. Results demonstrate better contrast enhancement, improved visual quality, and better recognition compared to the state-of-the-art methods.Web of Science500866
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