124 research outputs found

    Banco de testes para monitoramento sub-Nyquist de espectro de banda larga

    Get PDF
    Radioelectric spectrum management is a concern for today’s world, mainly due to the misuse that has been given to this resource through the years, especially on the UHF band. To address this problem, a testbed for sub-Nyquist Wideband Spectrum Monitoring was built, that includes a web interface to remotely measure occupancy of the UHF band. To achieve the above, an RF interface that allows tuning UHF frequencies with an instantaneous bandwidth of 95 MHz was built. Afterwards, a Random Demodulator was connected, and then an embedded system performed sub--Nyquist sampling and spectrum recovery. The embedded system connected to an information system that serves a web page, through which remote users can perform UHF band monitoring. Experimental results showed that spectrum sensing can be achieved by using different algorithms on certain sparse spectra. In addition, the aforementioned web interface allowed simultaneous user connections, in order to perform independent measurements by sharing a hardware subsystem.La gestión del espectro radioeléctrico es una preocupación en la actualidad, hecho derivado, ante todo, del mal uso que se ha dado a este recurso a través de los años, especialmente en la banda de UHF. Para afrontar este problema, se construyó un banco de pruebas para la supervisión del espectro de banda ancha a través de muestreo sub-Nyquist, el cual incluye una interfaz web para medir de forma remota la ocupación de la banda UHF. Para lograr esto, se construyó una interfaz RF que permitiría sintonizar frecuencias UHF con un ancho de banda instantáneo de 95 MHz. Después, se conectó un demodulador aleatorio; y luego, un sistema embebido realizaría el muestreo sub-Nyquist y la recuperación del espectro. Este se conectaría, a su turno, con un sistema de información que sirve una página web, a través de la cual los usuarios remotos pueden realizar la supervisión de la banda de UHF. Los resultados muestran que la detección del espectro se puede lograr mediante diferentes algoritmos en ciertos espectros dispersos. Además, la interfaz web permitió que existiesen conexiones de usuario simultáneas, de tal manera que se realizaran mediciones independientes compartiendo el subsistema de hardware.O gerenciamento do espectro radioelétrico é uma preocupação na atualidade, fato derivado, inicialmente, do mau uso que se tem dado a esse recurso através dos anos, especialmente na banda de UHF. Para enfrentar esse problema, construiu-se um banco de testes para a supervisão do espectro de banda larga por meio de amostragem sub-Nyquist, a qual inclui uma interface web para medir de forma remota a ocupação da banda UHF. Para isso, construiu-se uma interface RF que permitiria sintonizar frequências UHF com uma largura de banda instantânea de 95 MHz. Em seguida, ligou-se um demodulador aleatório; logo, um sistema embebido realizaria a amostragem sub-Nyquist e a recuperação do espectro. Este se ligaria, por sua vez, com um sistema de informação que serve um site, através do qual os usuários remotos podem realizar a supervisão da banda de UHF. Os resultados mostram que a detecção do espectro pode ser conseguida mediante diferentes algoritmos em certos espectros dispersos. Além disso, a interface web permitiu que existissem conexões de usuário simultâneas, de tal maneira que se realizassem medidas independentes compartilhando o subsistema de hardware.&nbsp

    Sensors and analog-to-information converters

    Get PDF
    Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-96).Compressed sensing (CS) is a promising method for recovering sparse signals from fewer measurements than ordinarily used in the Shannon's sampling theorem [14]. Introducing the CS theory has sparked interest in designing new hardware architectures which can be potential substitutions for traditional architectures in communication systems. CS-based wireless sensors and analog-to-information converters (AIC) are two examples of CS-based systems. It has been claimed that such systems can potentially provide higher performance and lower power consumption compared to traditional systems. However, since there is no end-to-end hardware implementation of these systems, it is difficult to make a fair hardware-to-hardware comparison with other implemented systems. This project aims to fill this gap by examining the energy-performance design space for CS in the context of both practical wireless sensors and AICs. One of the limitations of CS-based systems is that they employ iterative algorithms to recover the signal. Since these algorithms are slow, the hardware solution has become crucial for higher performance and speed. In this work, we also implement a suitable CS reconstruction algorithm in hardware.by Omid Salehi-Abari.S.M

    Smart Sensor Networks For Sensor-Neural Interface

    Get PDF
    One in every fifty Americans suffers from paralysis, and approximately 23% of paralysis cases are caused by spinal cord injury. To help the spinal cord injured gain functionality of their paralyzed or lost body parts, a sensor-neural-actuator system is commonly used. The system includes: 1) sensor nodes, 2) a central control unit, 3) the neural-computer interface and 4) actuators. This thesis focuses on a sensor-neural interface and presents the research related to circuits for the sensor-neural interface. In Chapter 2, three sensor designs are discussed, including a compressive sampling image sensor, an optical force sensor and a passive scattering force sensor. Chapter 3 discusses the design of the analog front-end circuit for the wireless sensor network system. A low-noise low-power analog front-end circuit in 0.5μm CMOS technology, a 12-bit 1MS/s successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) in 0.18μm CMOS process and a 6-bit asynchronous level-crossing ADC realized in 0.18μm CMOS process are presented. Chapter 4 shows the design of a low-power impulse-radio ultra-wide-band (IR-UWB) transceiver (TRx) that operates at a data rate of up to 10Mbps, with a power consumption of 4.9pJ/bit transmitted for the transmitter and 1.12nJ/bit received for the receiver. In Chapter 5, a wireless fully event-driven electrogoniometer is presented. The electrogoniometer is implemented using a pair of ultra-wide band (UWB) wireless smart sensor nodes interfacing with low power 3-axis accelerometers. The two smart sensor nodes are configured into a master node and a slave node, respectively. An experimental scenario data analysis shows higher than 90% reduction of the total data throughput using the proposed fully event-driven electrogoniometer to measure joint angle movements when compared with a synchronous Nyquist-rate sampling system. The main contribution of this thesis includes: 1) the sensor designs that emphasize power efficiency and data throughput efficiency; 2) the fully event-driven wireless sensor network system design that minimizes data throughput and optimizes power consumption

    The NASA SBIR product catalog

    Get PDF
    The purpose of this catalog is to assist small business firms in making the community aware of products emerging from their efforts in the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. It contains descriptions of some products that have advanced into Phase 3 and others that are identified as prospective products. Both lists of products in this catalog are based on information supplied by NASA SBIR contractors in responding to an invitation to be represented in this document. Generally, all products suggested by the small firms were included in order to meet the goals of information exchange for SBIR results. Of the 444 SBIR contractors NASA queried, 137 provided information on 219 products. The catalog presents the product information in the technology areas listed in the table of contents. Within each area, the products are listed in alphabetical order by product name and are given identifying numbers. Also included is an alphabetical listing of the companies that have products described. This listing cross-references the product list and provides information on the business activity of each firm. In addition, there are three indexes: one a list of firms by states, one that lists the products according to NASA Centers that managed the SBIR projects, and one that lists the products by the relevant Technical Topics utilized in NASA's annual program solicitation under which each SBIR project was selected

    Conversor configurável analógico para informação.

    Get PDF
    Nos conversores Analógicos Digitais (ADC) com frequência de conversão baseada no Teorema de Nyquist, o parâmetro básico para orientar a aquisição é a largura de banda do sinal. O tratamento da informação e a remoção da redundância são realizados após a representação digital obtida do sinal. A Amostragem Compressiva foi proposta como uma técnica de digitalização que explora a esparsidade do sinal em um determinado domínio, para capturar apenas seu conteúdo de informação, com uma taxa que pode ser menor do que a preconizada pelo Teorema de Nyquist. As arquiteturas em hardware para implementar a Amostragem Compressiva são chamadas de Conversores Analógicos para Informação (AIC). Os AIC propostos na bibliografia exploram a esparsidade do sinal em um determinado domínio, e por isso cada arquitetura é especifica para uma classe de sinais. Nesta tese propõe-se um AIC configurável, baseado em arquiteturas conhecidas, capaz de adquirir sinais de várias classes, alterando seus parâmetros de configuração. No trabalho desenvolveu-se um modelo computacional, que permite analisar o comportamento dinâmico do AIC, e dos parâmetros de hardware propostos, bem como foi feita a implementação física da arquitetura proposta. Verificou-se a adaptabilidade dessa arquitetura a partir dos resultados obtidos, pois foi possível fazer a aquisição de mais de uma classe de sinais.In analog-to-digital converters (ADC) based on Nyquist Theorem, the basic parameter to guide acquisition is the bandwidth of the signal. The information processing and redundancy removal are performed after the digital representation obtained from the signal. Compressed Sensing was proposed as a digitalization technique that exploits the sparsity of the signal in a given domain to capture only its information content, at a rate that may be lower than that advocated by the Nyquist Theorem. The hardware architectures to implement Compressed Sensing are called Analog to Information Converters (AIC). The AICs proposed in the bibliography exploit the sparsity of the signal in a given domain, and therefore each architecture is specific for a class of signals. This thesis proposes a configurable AIC, based on known architectures, capable of acquiring signals from several classes, changing its configuration parameters. A computational model was developed to analyze the dynamic behavior of AIC and proposed hardware parameters, as well as the physical implementation of the proposed architecture. It was verified the adaptability of the proposed architecture from the obtained results, since it was possible to perform the acquisition of more than one class of signals.Cape

    GigaHertz Symposium 2010

    Get PDF

    Advances in Microelectronics for Implantable Medical Devices

    Get PDF

    Integrated Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensory Applications

    Get PDF
    Connected intelligent sensing reshapes our society by empowering people with increasing new ways of mutual interactions. As integration technologies keep their scaling roadmap, the horizon of sensory applications is rapidly widening, thanks to myriad light-weight low-power or, in same cases even self-powered, smart devices with high-connectivity capabilities. CMOS integrated circuits technology is the best candidate to supply the required smartness and to pioneer these emerging sensory systems. As a result, new challenges are arising around the design of these integrated circuits and systems for sensory applications in terms of low-power edge computing, power management strategies, low-range wireless communications, integration with sensing devices. In this Special Issue recent advances in application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) and systems for smart sensory applications in the following five emerging topics: (I) dedicated short-range communications transceivers; (II) digital smart sensors, (III) implantable neural interfaces, (IV) Power Management Strategies in wireless sensor nodes and (V) neuromorphic hardware
    corecore