Bacteraemic shock and the microcirculation (experimental studies and clinical observations)

Abstract Not Provided

Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes, supplement 267, January 1985

This publication is a cumulative index to the abstracts contained in the Supplements 255 through 266 of Aerospace Medicine and Biology: A Continuing Bibliography. It includes seven indexes--subject, personal author, corporate source, foreign technology, contract number, report number, and accession number

Smoking and Second Hand Smoking in Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Report from the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Cohort Study

The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of smoking and second hand smoking [SHS] in adolescents with CKD and their relationship to baseline parameters at enrollment in the CKiD, observational cohort study of 600 children (aged 1-16 yrs) with Schwartz estimated GFR of 30-90 ml/min/1.73m2. 239 adolescents had self-report survey data on smoking and SHS exposure: 21 [9%] subjects had “ever” smoked a cigarette. Among them, 4 were current and 17 were former smokers. Hypertension was more prevalent in those that had “ever” smoked a cigarette (42%) compared to non-smokers (9%), p\u3c0.01. Among 218 non-smokers, 130 (59%) were male, 142 (65%) were Caucasian; 60 (28%) reported SHS exposure compared to 158 (72%) with no exposure. Non-smoker adolescents with SHS exposure were compared to those without SHS exposure. There was no racial, age, or gender differences between both groups. Baseline creatinine, diastolic hypertension, C reactive protein, lipid profile, GFR and hemoglobin were not statistically different. Significantly higher protein to creatinine ratio (0.90 vs. 0.53, p\u3c0.01) was observed in those exposed to SHS compared to those not exposed. Exposed adolescents were heavier than non-exposed adolescents (85th percentile vs. 55th percentile for BMI, p\u3c 0.01). Uncontrolled casual systolic hypertension was twice as prevalent among those exposed to SHS (16%) compared to those not exposed to SHS (7%), though the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.07). Adjusted multivariate regression analysis [OR (95% CI)] showed that increased protein to creatinine ratio [1.34 (1.03, 1.75)] and higher BMI [1.14 (1.02, 1.29)] were independently associated with exposure to SHS among non-smoker adolescents. These results reveal that among adolescents with CKD, cigarette use is low and SHS is highly prevalent. The association of smoking with hypertension and SHS with increased proteinuria suggests a possible role of these factors in CKD progression and cardiovascular outcomes

The Effects of Diabetes Mellitus, Coronary Artery Disease, Exercise and Stanozolol on the Fibrinolytic Enzyme System in Man

This thesis reviews the literature relating vascular disease to fibrinolysis and describes a number of clinical studies which have attempted to evaluate the components of the fibrinolytic enzyme system in a variety of different medical disorders and in healthy subjects. In these clinical settings a comparison has been made between the plasma fibrinolytic activity (fibrin plate: ex vivo fibrinolysis) and BBeta 15-42. fragment (in vivo plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis) as indicators of fibrinolysis, and the relative importance of fibrinolysis and coagulation has been estimated by measuring both plasmin (BBeta 15-42) and thrombin generation (fibrinopeptide A). The effect on fibrinolysis of a number of clinical and laboratory measures have been made with fibrinolysis studied in the basal state and following pharmacological intervention and exercise. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, exercise in young healthy male subjects was shown to be associated with enhanced plasma fibrinolytic activity without a concomitant activation of coagulation. The rise in plasma fibrinolytic activity was not influenced by prior administration of beta-blocker drugs and therefore adrenergic mechanisms made no contribution to the exercise enhanced plasma fibrinolytic activity. Exercise in middle-aged men was related, in part, to the workload and was associated with both thrombin and plasmin generation suggesting that the enhanced fibrinolysis may have been secondary to activation of coagulation. In men of the same age group with coronary artery disease no alterations of haemostasis were detected. Whether such defective in vivo fibrinolysis was related to coronary artery disease per se, to the lack of changes in coagulation or to the workload intensity requires further study. Defective fibrinolysis has been noted in coronary artery disease and in 100 men with angiographically defined coronary artery disease we have examined the inter-relationships between fibrinolysis, lipids and hormones and the relationships between these 3 factors and the severity of coronary artery disease. We found that patients with a previous myocardial infarction had raised oestradiol levels but that these were not related to the tests of fibrinolysis. While higher alpha2-antiplasmin levels were found in hypertriglyceridaemia,. lipid levels were not associated with altered fibrinolysis. We have provided evidence that BBeta 15-42 is a reliable indicator of in vivo fibrinolysis by showing significant correlations with plasminogen (negative) and FDP's (positive). This is consistent with activation of fibrinolysis (increased BBeta levels) being associated with decreased plasminogen and raised FDP's. Apart from fibrinogen levels, none of the laboratory measures were related to the severity of coronary artery disease which fails to provide support for defective basal fibrinolysis being associated with coronary artery disease. The anabolic steroid, stanozolol is felt to be the most promising oral agent to induce long-term enhancement of fibrinolysis. We have performed a number of studies with this drug and have found that, given via the intramuscular route, stanozolol did not decrease fibrinogen and alpha2-macroglobulin levels (unlike the orally administered drug ) and while it led to rapid and sustained changes in plasma fibrinolytic activity and plasminogen in young healthy males, it failed to effect such changes on fibrinolysis in elderly patients with medical illness. In studies using oral stanozolol we have shown that it caused plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis in normal subjects but not in type II (non-insulin dependent) diabetic patients. We have also noted favourable effects on carbohydrate metabolism in diabetics given stanozolol, but adverse hormonal and lipid effects in other studies. The weight of evidence suggests that stanozolol is not a useful anti-thrombotic agent. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.)

Investigating factors which may influence recovery and preparation in professional rugby union.

To enhance understanding of recovery and preparation in rugby union, the aim of this thesis was to examine the impact of competition on key parameters and investigate factors which may influence the recovery process from competition and training. The findings of study one demonstrate that movement patterns and thus the physiological demands of match-play vary considerably between different positional groups. Additionally, study two demonstrates that the movement characteristics which determine the extent of muscle damage post-match are position specific, and that movement characteristics may be used to prospectively tailor individual recovery and manage subsequent training. Recovery patterns may also be influenced by factors not associated with match-play such as sleep, which has important physiological and psychological restorative effects. The findings of study three suggest that sleep patterns may vary considerably within a squad with many players presenting evidence of sleep disruption, particularly post-match which may be detrimental to recovery. Recovery following exercise may also be modulated by the application of post-exercise recovery strategies such as cold water immersion. However, study four demonstrates that cold water immersion may impede adaptation to strength training in rugby union players. When no recovery intervention was administered during a five week pre-season period, isometric mid-thigh pull peak force and relative peak force significantly increased by 5.4 +/- 4.7 and 5.8 +/- 5.4% respectively. However when individuals were immersed in cold water post-training there were no significant changes in strength during the training period. These findings may have great implications for strength training, particularly during periods of physical development. The findings of the thesis have furthered understanding of the characteristics of performance and identified several factors which influence recovery from training and competition. This in turn may be used to inform best practice procedures in attempt to 'optimise' preparation and recovery in rugby union

Background Examples of Literature Searches on Topics of Interest

A zip file of various literature searches & some resources related to our work related to exposure after the Chernobyl accident and as we began looking at helping in Semey Kazakhstan----a collection of literature reviews on various topics we were interested in... eg. establishing a registry of those exposed for longterm follow-up, what we knew about certain areas like genetics and some resources like A Guide to Environmental Resources on the Internet by Carol Briggs-Erickson and Toni Murphy which could be found on the Internet and was written to be used by researchers, environmentalists, teachers and any person who is interested in knowing and doing something about the health of our planet. See more at https://archives.library.tmc.edu/dm-ms211-012-0060

Aerospace medicine and biology: A continuing bibliography with indexes (supplement 385)

This bibliography lists 536 reports, articles and other documents introduced into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information System Database. Subject coverage includes: aerospace medicine and physiology, life support systems and man/system technology, protective clothing, exobiology and extraterrestrial life, planetary biology, and flight crew behavior and performance