Good Practices Preceding the Implementation of the System of Management of Environment, on Small and Medium Enterprises

The current and future economic context compel to ample reconsiderations related to the volume and content of the demarches carried out by organisations, in order to face the competition sharper and sharper and the more and more numerous rigors, among which the issue of environment is more than imperative. The good practices in environment management become more and more necessary and, fortunately, are supplied more and more often by organisations in SMEs category, which encounter highly valuable solutions in this context charged with convictions. This work features an exemplary performance of a small organisation that managed to settle an informal system of management of environment, built up with much rigour, involvement, respect for society and environment. The objectives of authors consist in offering good practices to business environment, from SMEs category, means of approaching in the analysis of environment practices and emphasizing the imperatives in this area of action, for organisations. The method of research included the consulting of some lists of specialised works, documentary study in the sites of the organisations from SMEs category and of the organisations in the field, adopting some established models of analysis (FMEA - Failure Modes and Effects Analysis), singularised application of method to the data concerning an organisation from German space. The results of authors’ demarche were materialised in both theoretical and practical considerations, presumptively useful for the specialists in the field of environment management, university environment and business environment.good practices, environmental performance, SMEs, system of management, quality

Operational risk management in high-mix, low-volume production

Abstract. The objective of this Master’s thesis is to study operational risk management in High-Mix, Low-Volume production, with a focus on small and medium-sized enterprises. This objective is achieved through answering three research questions regarding previous literature, current state in a case company, and improving practises in the case company. This thesis is conducted as a qualitative research utilizing a literature review and a single case study. The literature review is utilized to form the theoretical foundation for the thesis, and to answer the first research question, providing the state of previous literature. The case study is utilized to obtain the current state in the case company, which answers the second research question. Case study data includes documentary data, observations, and interviews. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the observations were obtained with participatory observing. The third research question is answered by comparing the empirical study and literature to provide improvement recommendations to the case company. The findings of this study include the empirical results of operational risk management in a single case example, as well as the proposed improvements for the case company. The empirical observations are described in detail, and guidance for future studies is given. The development proposals are directly applicable to the case company and are expected to result in a higher operational risk management capability. The literature review and empirical observations may be useful to other researchers or organizations, but the recommendations have limited generalizability outside the case company. However, some of the recommendations might be applicable to a company with similar practises or organizational context.Operatiivisten riskien hallinta korkean vaihtuvuuden ja matalan volyymin tuotantoympäristöissä. Tiivistelmä. Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena on tutkia operatiivisten riskien hallintaa korkean vaihtuvuuden ja matalan volyymin (High-Mix, Low-Volume) tuotantoympäristöissä, pienissä ja keskisuurissa yrityksissä. Työn tavoite saavutetaan vastaamalla kolmeen tutkimuskysymykseen liittyen aiempaan kirjallisuuteen, case-yrityksen nykytilaan ja case-yrityksen toiminnan parantamiseen. Diplomityö toteutetaan laadullisena tutkimuksena, jossa hyödynnetään kirjallisuuskatsausta ja case-tutkimusta. Kirjallisuuskatsaus muodostaa tutkimuksen teoreettisen viitekehyksen ja vastaa ensimmäiseen tutkimuskysymykseen esittelemällä aiempaa tutkimusta. Case-tutkimusta hyödynnetään case-yrityksen nykytilan kuvaamiseen, mikä antaa vastauksen toiseen tutkimuskysymykseen. Case-tutkimuksen aineisto koostuu case-yrityksen riskienhallintaan liittyvistä dokumenteista, havainnoista ja haastatteluista. Tutkimuksen osana suoritettiin kolme puolistrukturoitua haastattelua ja havainnot kerättiin osallistuvalla havainnoinnilla. Kolmanteen tutkimuskysymykseen vastataan empiirisen tutkimuksen ja kirjallisuuden vertailulla, jonka tuloksena saadaan ehdotuksia case-yrityksen toiminnan parantamiseen. Tutkimuksen tuloksia ovat empiiriset havainnot yksittäisestä case-yrityksestä sekä parannusehdotukset case-yrityksen operatiivisten riskien hallintaan. Tarkkaan kuvattujen empiiristen havaintojen lisäksi työssä ohjeistetaan aiheeseen liittyvää jatkotutkimusta. Annetut parannusehdotukset ovat suoraan sovellettavissa case-yritykseen ja niiden odotetaan johtavan korkeampaan operatiivisten riskien hallinnan kyvykkyyteen. Toiset organisaatiot ja tutkimukset voivat hyötyä kirjallisuuskatsauksesta ja empiirisistä havainnoista, mutta parannusehdotuksilla on rajallinen yleistettävyys case-yrityksen ulkopuolelle. Jotkin parannusehdotukset voivat kuitenkin olla sovellettavissa yrityksiin, joilla on samankaltaisia käytänteitä tai piirteitä

PENGENDALIAN KUALITAS PRODUK PIPA DI PT.CITRA TUBINDO TBK

Improving product quality is mandatory in every company to maintain customer satisfaction. This research aims to analyze the types of defects that occur in the product and to suggest quality improvement actions. In this study, the 3 biggest types of defects (Black Crest, Chatter and Chip) were analyzed. This study uses tools from FMEA, Fishbone Diagram, Histogram and Pareto. The results of the research on the Black Crest defect on the risk of excessive ovalitty pipe dimensions from RPN 135 to RPN 27, on the risk of Squareness at the pipe ends from RPN 135 to RPN 81, on the risk of swaging results on imperfect pipes from RPN 243 to RPN 81. On defects Chatter for the risk of inserting a blunt roll from RPN 243 to RPN, at the risk of corrugated pipe from RPN 243 to RPN 81, at the risk of material being difficult to roll from RPN 405 to RPN 45. On chip defects for the risk of machining program from RPN 243 to RPN 81, the risk of glass on a machine that is less clear than RPN 243 becomes RPN 81, for the risk of the operator not to withdraw the Chip from RPN 243 to become RPN 45. Based on the research it is concluded that from the results of phase 1 FMEA analysis after quality improvement with Fishbone Diagram and re-analyzed with FMEA stage 2 succeeded in reducing the RPN value

Risk-Based Thinking in Quality Management, an ISO 9001:2015 Requirement : A case study to identify underlying elements enabling risk-based thinking in organizations

Master's thesis Industrial Economics and Technology Management - University of Agder 2017Issues and Purpose One of the most significant changes in ISO 9001:2015 versus ISO 9001:2008 is the increased focus on risk-based thinking (RBT) in requirements for planning, review and improvement of the quality management system (QMS) and its processes. To enable RBT in organizations related to the QMS, management must understand what RBT is, and have knowledge about the theoretical foundation of the term. A theoretical foundation for RBT is found to be lacking in literature. This is considered a significant challenge for management seeking to implement RBT with regards to their QMS. Consequently, the objective of this study is to identify elements from quality and risk management theories as a potential basis for RBT. Due to the positive implications that RBT might have on improving an organization’s QMS this is considered an important area to address. Scope and Limitations The scope of this study is limited to identify underlying elements for RBT in organizations, and conceptualize them in a model. The model is investigated in the context of a case company to discuss the effects of implementing RBT for improving an organization’s QMS. Underlying elements in the model and their interrelationships are discussed to some extent, but are not the main purpose of this study. Methods A constructive research approach was used for this study, this is a method suitable for developing models and other constructions that can contribute to theory in the field of research. This included gathering qualitative data from multiple sources, such as literature and case study. Most of the source material consisted of literature regarding topics such as; quality management, risk management, systems theories, and the ISO 9000 family of standards. The data collected from the case study was compared and discussed based on literature and the theoretical framework. The findings were used to validate the potential basis for a foundation for RBT, as presented in this thesis. Discussion In order to propose a basis for a foundation regarding RBT I had to gain some insights into quality and risk management. Characteristics emphasized in Total Quality Management (TQM) and Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) were considered essential for RBT. Based on this, the underlying elements for conducting RBT were identified as; Process, Organization, Culture, Competence, and Management, referred to as the POCCM-model in this thesis. Arguably, other elements could also be added to the model. However, in this thesis I found POCCM to be a sufficient proposal as a foundation for RBT. The POCCM-model provides a relevant contribution to better understand RBT and its foundation. Findings demonstrate that the elements in POCCM-model are a good representation of underlying elements in RBT. There is a correlation between the theories and characteristics proposed as a potential foundation for RBT and the results from the case study. The POCCMmodel was used to assess the current situation of case company’s QMS with regards to RBT. This revealed that improvement of the elements in the organization related to the POCCM-model would result in an overall improvement regarding RBT, leading to opportunities for improving the QMS. Evaluation The POCCM-model is grounded in known theories and quality standards; TQM, ERM and ISO 9001:2015. Findings have demonstrated a positive alignment of the POCCM-model, RBT and the theoretical framework. The findings are considered to be similar within other organizations in Norway, based on culture and values. Consequently, the proposed model, or a similar model is considered the most appropriate representation of the foundation concerning RBT. However, there is a potential to describe the POCCM-model from a more practical perspective. Thus, making it easier for organizations to implement RBT in their QM

Application of Six Sigma in Quality Control Process at Indonesian Cement Company

An Indonesian Cement Company is facing the number of product’s defects in the packing process more than 200.000 bags or sacs annually. It is estimated to cause losses more than one billion rupiahs  per year. Therefore, the Six Sigma method was proposed to solve this problem. This study was constitute a descriptive research; whereas based on its strategy, this study was constitute a case study; In addition based on time horizon, this study was constitute a longitudinal study. In the research used DMAIC processes, namely encompasses Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control. The research’s results found that the existing process quality of cement packing in the company is out of control. So that the improvement process is needed by eliminating the causes of its. The main cause that must be a priority in its improvement is the machine (belt-conveyor) condition in the cement packing process. The main solution to prevent the occurrence of the main cause namely by checking the machine (belt-conveyor) before and after shift exchange by using a checksheet periodically. By implementing the Six Sigma method, it is hoped that the cement company can reduce or eliminate the existing waste estimated amount of  one billion rupiah annuall

Integrating Quality and Risk Management in Logistics

This book focuses on the integration of quality and risk management in logistics. It examines theoretical and practical guidelines and addresses the main risks of non-compliance with the customer and legislative requirements that arise in a constantly changing external environment. Chapters discuss changes in quality and risk management in logistics, research methodologies, and the risks of non-conforming services. The book also includes a Logistics Services Satisfaction Survey. The analyses presented give us a reason to believe that the development of a systematic approach, including both satisfaction analysis and risk factor analysis, may be sufficient grounds for initiating improvements in customer service

From evaluation to meta-evaluation of engineers' training in the automotive industry

This thesis presents and analyses the evaluation of an European wide training programme aimed at engineers working in a large multinational automotive company. The training programme is unique in that it was conceived to address particular operational concerns and involved a multicultural workforce from six European countries. The evaluation of the training, which extends from the pilot stages of the programme through to its full implementation, where Kirkpatrick's four level evaluation framework is used, is the company’s first large scale attempt at systematic training evaluation. The evaluation of the programme is typical in its approach as reflected in the wide body of literature, however the use of meta-evaluation to determine the overall value of the evaluation approach in a commercial context provides originality and the basis for establishing an alternative approach to evaluating vocational training. The main body of the thesis is presented in three parts. Part I provides a critical review of the literature relating to; learning and training; conceptualisations of evaluation; and measurement and evaluation methodology, to establish the foundation for the empirical study. Part II is a detailed analysis of the evaluand, the evaluation methodology employed, and the results and outcomes from the evaluation. Part III provides directions for training evaluation based on a meta-evaluation of the empirical study. The thesis draws conclusions with respect to the role of evaluation in organisational training. The evaluation of training is largely conceptualised in the literature as being concerned with the assessment of value or worth of training to an organisation, which is the prevailing paradigm of Kirkpatrick's training evaluation framework. From the evidence obtained through the empirical study with regard to utility, feasibility, propriety and accuracy, it is concluded that the role of evaluation should be directed towards maximising value or worth of training through the systematic assessment, feedback and optimisation of the identifiable parameters of the training process, with the outcomes of training forming part of an overall evaluation of training framework

Design of Equipment Rack with TRIZ Method to Reduce Searching Time in Change Over Activity (Case Study : PT. Jans2en Indonesia)

Janssen is a manufacturing plant that works in furniture assembly. Component shortages often occurs, it will cause the increase of work in process (WIP) in assembly section. In previous studies, we analyze the root causes with FMEA and then it is resulted that router section is the constraint of the system. There are many non value added activities such as searching and transportation caused by a messy condition of work places and the devices that aren’t put in the right place. The impact is that the time allocated for every change over is higher than before. There are many components that are worked by the router section, so improvements are needed to minimize changes in over time. 5S method and the use of a new design of rack by TRIZ method are suggested for fixing the conditions of work environment. It is expected to eliminate non value added activities and changes in over time. Result shows that we can reduce non value activities in change over of regular components up to 41% and the elimination of this time is 41,6%. The non value activities in changeover of new items is 36,6% and this elimination of time is 53,3%. Key word : change over, kaizen, design, TRIZ metho