KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS FAMILI URTICACEAE DI HUTAN DESA BUKUM KECAMATAN SIBOLANGIT KABUPATEN DELI SERDANG SUMATERA UTARA

The Urticaceae family is herbaceous, semi-shrub, climbing (liana), small trees, and shrubs that have important ecological and economic roles. This research was conducted to determine the composition and structure, diversity, and utilization of Urticaceae family plants in the Forest of Bukum Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra. This research is an exploratory survey using the quadratic method. The plots were purposive sampling as many as 10 plots measuring 10m x 10m. There are 25 species of plants in the Urticaceae family with 547 individuals. The most common type of plant found is Elatostema sessile JRForst. & G. Forst. Highest importance index on Elatostema sessile JRForst. & G. Forst. (INP 91,30%). The plant diversity index of the Urticaceae family is moderate with H' 2.64 which is included in the stable community

Testing Darwin’s transoceanic dispersal hypothesis for the inland nettle family (Urticaceae)

Dispersal is a fundamental ecological process, yet demonstrating the occurrence and importance of long-distance dispersal (LDD) remains difficult, having rarely been examined for widespread, non-coastal plants. To address this issue, we integrated phylogenetic, molecular dating, biogeographical, ecological, seed biology and oceanographic data for the inland Urticaceae. We found that Urticaceae originated in Eurasia c. 69 Ma, followed by >= 92 LDD events between landmasses. Under experimental conditions, seeds of many Urticaceae floated for > 220 days, and remained viable after 10 months in seawater, long enough for most detected LDD events, according to oceanographic current modelling. Ecological traits analyses indicated that preferences for disturbed habitats might facilitate LDD. Nearly half of all LDD events involved dioecious taxa, so population establishment in dioecious Urticaceae requires multiple seeds, or occasional selfing. Our work shows that seawater LDD played an important role in shaping the geographical distributions of Urticaceae, providing empirical evidence for Darwin's transoceanic dispersal hypothesis

Protective effect of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) on morphometric and morphologic alterations of seminiferous tubules in STZ diabetic rats

Objective(s): Urtica dioica L. has been known as a medicinal plant in the world. This study was conducted to determine the effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves on seminiferous tubules of diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Animals were allocated to control, diabetic and protective groups. Treated animals received extract of U. dioica (100 mg/ kg/ day) IP for the first 5 days and STZ injection on the 6th day. After 5 weeks, testes removed and stained with H&E technique. Results: Tubular cell disintegration, sertoli and spermatogonia cell vacuolization, and decrease in sperm concentration observed in diabetic in comparison with control and protective groups. External seminiferous tubular diameter and seminiferous epithelial height significantly reduced (P< 0.05) in diabetic compared with controls, and these parameters increased (P< 0.05) in the treated compared with diabetics. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of U. dioica, before induction of diabetes; has protective role on seminiferous tubules alterations

Effect of Urtica dioica L extract on quantitative morphometric alterations of liver parenchymal cells in STZ diabetic rats

Diabetes is associated with several structural and functional liver abnormalities that affect glycogen and lipid metabolism. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves on Quantitative morphometric changes in parenchymal cells of the livers in STZ diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated in 3 groups: normal, diabetic and treatment. Hyperglycemia was induced by 80 mg/kg Streptozotocin intraperitoneally. One week after the injection of STZ, the third group received the hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica at 100 mg/kg/day over four weeks. After five weeks, the animals were sacrificed and whole livers were removed. Liver specimens were used for quantitative morphometric analyze after hematoxylin and eosin staining. All data are shown as means plus standard errors of means and were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test at P<0.05.The mean area of hepatocytes, nuclei and nucleolus had a decrease in periportal zone and an increase in perivenous zone in the diabetic and treatment groups. The increase of hepatocyte area in perivenous zone and reduce of nucleus area in periportal zone was significant in the diabetic group in comparison with control group (P<0.05), but were not significant between treatment and diabetic group. This study showed that administration of 100 mg/kg/day of Urtica dioica leaves extracts after induction of diabetes can cause a little modulating in the main morphometric indices of liver such as area of hepatocytes, nuclei and nucleolus in periportal and perivenous zones

Distribution of sex forms in the phanerogamic flora

In the plant kingdom, particularly in the phanerogamic flora, hermaphroditism is by far the most common, yet the number of other sex forms is not negligible. This study was undertaken with the view of ascertaining the relative proportions in which such sex forms occur. For this purpose Engler and Prantls "Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien" with all the Nachträge (which are complete up to 1912) have been used. The lists that follow are the results of this examination

Culicidae y Ceratopogonidae (Diptera: Nematocera) que habitan en fi totelmata en el Parque Nacional Iguazú, provincia de Misiones, Argentina subtropical

A list of the most common phytotelmata and their Culicidae and Ceratopogonidae inhabitants from Iguazú National Park, Misiones Province, Argentina, is presented, and biological and behavioral observations are also included. Species of Poaceae, Bromeliaceae, Apiaceae, Araceae, Urticaceae, Marantaceae, and Arecaceae, were identified as phytotelmata. Twenty six species of Culicidae and nine of Ceratopogonidae were identified. The highest species richness of culicids and ceratopogonids was recorded from the bamboo Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae) and treeholes, respectively. Fourteen species of Culicidae and three of Ceratopogonidae inhabit bamboo, two and five treeholes, seven and three bromeliads, and nine and one, other less known phytotelmata, respectively.Se presenta una lista de las fitotelmata más comunes y los Culicidae y Ceratopogonidae que las habitan, del Parque Nacional Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina; además de observaciones biológicas y de comportamiento. Especies de Poaceae, Bromeliaceae, Apiaceae, Araceae, Urticaceae, Marantaceae, y Arecaceae, fueron identificadas como fitotelmata. Fueron reconocidas 26 especies de culícidos y nueve de Ceratopogonidae. La mayor riqueza de especies de culícidos y ceratopogónidos se registraron en el bambú Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae) y en los huecos de los árboles respectivamente. Catorce especies de culícidos y tres de ceratopogónidos habitan bambúes, dos y cinco en los huecos de los árboles, siete y tres en bromelias y nueve y una en otras fitotelmata, respectivamente.Fil: Campos, Raul Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Spinelli, Gustavo Ricardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Instituto de Limnología; ArgentinaFil: Mogi, Motoyoshi. Saga University; Japó

Ptychanthoideae (subfam. of Lejeuneaceae, Hepaticae) from Vanuatu : with the description of Caudalejeunea streimannii Gyarmati sp. n.

A list of 18 Lejeuneaceae (subfam. Ptychanthoideae) species of Vanuatu is given based on the collection of the late Heinar Streimann, identified by the Author. 12 species are new to Vanuatu, and one out of them is new to science

Antimutagenic and antioxidant activity of a protein fraction from aerial parts of Urtica dioica

Abstract Context: Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae), stinging nettle, has been employed as a folklore remedy for a wide spectrum of ailments, including urinary disorders, prostatic hyperplasia, and liver diseases. It has been also used traditionally for cancer treatment. Object: To evaluate the potential chemopreventive properties of a protein fraction from the aerial part of Urtica dioica (namely UDHL30). Materials and methods: UDHL30 has been tested for the antimutagenic activity in bacteria (50-800 μg/plate; Ames test by the preincubation method) and for the cytotoxicity on human hepatoma HepG2 cells (0.06-2 mg/mL; 24 and 48 h incubation). Moreover, the antioxidant activity of UDHL30 (0.1-1200 μg/mL; ABTS and superoxide-radical scavenger assays) was evaluated as potential protective mechanisms. Results: UDHL30 was not cytotoxic on HepG2 cells up to 2 mg/mL; conversely, it exhibited a strong antimutagenic activity against the mutagen 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) in all strains tested (maximum inhibition of 56, 78, and 61% in TA98, TA100, and WP2uvrA strains, respectively, at 800 μg/plate). In addition, a remarkable scavenging activity against ABTS radical and superoxide anion (IC50 values of 19.9 ± 1.0 μg/mL and 75.3 ± 0.9 μg/mL, respectively) was produced. Discussion and conclusions: UDHL30 possesses antimutagenic and radical scavenging properties. Being 2AA a pro-carcinogenic agent, we hypothesize that the antimutagenicity of UDHL30 can be due to the inhibition of CYP450-isoenzymes, involved in the mutagen bioactivation. The radical scavenger ability could contribute to 2AA-antimutagenicity. These data encourage further studies in order to better define the potential usefulness of UDHL30 in chemoprevention

Análisis del contenido polínico de la atmósfera de Huelva: (1989-1992)

Análisis del contenido polínico de la atmósfera de Huelva (1989-1992). En este trabajo se presenta el contenido polínico de la atmósfera de Huelva encontrado tras cuatro años de muestreo (1989- 1992) utilizando un captador polínico tipo Cour. Durante este periodo se han identificado 82 tipos polínicos diferentes, de los que 28 tienen una representación superior al 0.01% en el polen total recogido. El polen de origen arbóreo (Quercus, Pinaceae, Olea, Myrtaceae, Cupressaceae, Casuarina, Fraxinus, Alnus, Castanea, etc.), con un 64%, predomina sobre el de origen herbáceo (34%) (Poaceae, Amaranthaceae/ Chenopodiaceae, Urticaceae, Plantago, Rumex, Compositae, etc.), el 2% restante es arbustivo, siendo Ericaceae el más abundante. Desde el punto de vista cuantitativo los tipos polínicos aparecen ordenados como sigue: Poaceae (18.08%), Quercus (14.75%), Pinaceae (13.49%), Oleo (11.79%), Myrtaceae (11.41%), Amaranthaceae/ Chenopodiaceae (11.03%), Urticaceae (8.07%) y Cupressaceae (5.13%). A lo largo del año existen varios periodos de máxima emisión polínica: febrero (Cupressaceae), final de invierno (Fraxinus, Platanus y Urticaceae), mediados de abril (Quercus y Pinaceae), mediados de mayo (Poaceae, Oleo, Plantago y Rumex), final de junio (Myrtaceae), final de agosto (Amaranthaceae/ Chenopodiaceae) y octubre (Casuarina). Por último, aparecen cantidades bajas de polen entomófilo o mixto: Castanea, Compositae, Cruciferae, Boraginaceae, Ericaceae, Helianthus, Leguminosae y Umbelliferae.Analysis of the pollen content in the Huelva atmosphere (1989-1992). The airborne pollen of Huelva city is presented. It has been established after four consecutive years of sampling (1989-1992) using a Cour's trap. We identifyed 82 pollen types in out of which 28 were presented over 0.01% in the total amount. Pollen belonging to tree species (Quercus, Pinaceae, Oleo, Myrtaceae, Cupressaceae, Casuarina, Fraxinus, Alnus, Castanea, etc.), a meant 64% and predominated over that of weed species (34%) (Poaceae, Amaranthaceae/ Chenopodiaceae, Urticaceae, Plantago, Rumex, Compositae),and shurb species (2%) (Ericaceae is the most frequent in this group). From a quantitative point of view, the main pollinic types were as follows: Poaceae (18.08%), Quercus (14.75%), Pinaceae (13.49%), Oleo (11.79%), Myrtaceae (11.41%), Amaranthaceae/ Chenopodiaceae (11.03%), Urticaceae (8.07%) and Cupressaceae (5.13%). Throughout the year there were five periods of maximun emission of pollen: The end of winter (Fraxinus, Cupressaceae, Platanus and Urticaceae), middle of April (Quercus and Pinaceae), middle of May (Poaceae, Oleo, Planta go and Rumex), end of June (Myrtaceae), end of August (Amaranthaceae/ Chenopodiaceae) and October (Casuarina). Additionally, small amounts of totally or partially antomophylous pollen, were found: Castanea, Compositae, Cruciferae, Boraginaceae, Ericaceae, Helianthus, Leguminosae and Umbelliferae