MIMO Transmission with Residual Transmit-RF Impairments

Physical transceiver implementations for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems suffer from transmit-RF (Tx-RF) impairments. In this paper, we study the effect on channel capacity and error-rate performance of residual Tx-RF impairments that defy proper compensation. In particular, we demonstrate that such residual distortions severely degrade the performance of (near-)optimum MIMO detection algorithms. To mitigate this performance loss, we propose an efficient algorithm, which is based on an i.i.d. Gaussian model for the distortion caused by these impairments. In order to validate this model, we provide measurement results based on a 4-stream Tx-RF chain implementation for MIMO orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM).Comment: to be presented at the International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas - WSA 201

Parallel Searching-Based Sphere Detector for MIMO Downlink OFDM Systems

In this paper, implementation of a detector with parallel partial candidate-search algorithm is described. Two fully independent partial candidate search processes are simultaneously employed for two groups of transmit antennas based on QR decomposition (QRD) and QL decomposition (QLD) of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel matrix. By using separate simultaneous candidate searching processes, the proposed implementation of QRD-QLD searching-based sphere detector provides a smaller latency and a lower computational complexity than the original QRD-M detector for similar error-rate performance in wireless communications systems employing four transmit and four receive antennas with 16-QAM or 64-QAM constellation size. It is shown that in coded MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) systems, the detection latency and computational complexity of a receiver can be substantially reduced by using the proposed QRD-QLD detector implementation. The QRD-QLD-based sphere detector is also implemented using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and its hardware design complexity is compared with that of other sphere detectors reported in the literature.Nokia Renesas MobileTexas InstrumentsXilinxNational Science Foundatio

From Linear Equalization to Lattice-Reduction-Aided Sphere-Detector as an Answer to the MIMO Detection Problematic in Spatial Multiplexing Systems

ISBN 978-953-307-223-4International audienc

Application of integer quadratic programming in detection of high-dimensional wireless systems

High-dimensional wireless systems have recently generated a great deal of interest due to their ability to accommodate increasing demands for high transmission data rates with high communication reliability. Examples of such large-scale systems include single-input, single-output symbol spread OFDM system, large-scale single-user multi-input multi-output (MIMO) OFDM systems, and large-scale multiuser MIMO systems. In these systems, the number of symbols required to be jointly detected at the receiver is relatively large. The challenge with the practical realization of these systems is to design a detection scheme that provides high communication reliability with reasonable computational complexity, even as the number of simultaneously transmitted independent communication signals becomes very large.^ Most of the optimal or near-optimal detection techniques that have been proposed in the literature of relatively low-dimensional wireless systems, such as MIMO systems in which number of antennas is less than 10, become problematic for high-dimensional detection problems. That is, their performance degrades or the computational complexity becomes prohibitive, especially when higher-order QAM constellations are employed.^ In the first part of this thesis, we propose a near-optimal detection technique which offers a flexible trade-off between complexity and performance. The proposed technique formulates the detection problem in terms of Integer Quadratic Programming (IQP), which is then solved through a controlled Branch and Bound (BB) search tree algorithm. In addition to providing good performance, an important feature of this approach is that its computational complexity remains roughly the same even as we increase the constellation order from 4-QAM to 256-QAM. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated for both symbol spread OFDM systems and large-scale MIMO systems with both frequency selective and at fading channels.^ The second part of this work focuses on a reduced complexity version of IQP referred to as relaxed quadratic programming (QP). In particular, QP is used to reformulate two widely used detection schemes for MIMO OFDM: (1) Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) and (2) Iterative Detecting and Decoding (IDD). First, SIC-based algorithms are derived via a QP formulation in contrast to using a linear MMSE detector at each stage. The resulting QP-SIC algorithms offer lower computational complexity than the SIC schemes that employ linear MMSE at each stage, especially when the dimension of the received signal vector is high. Three versions of QP-SIC are proposed based on various trade-offs between complexity and receiver performance; each of the three QP-SIC algorithms outperforms existing SIC techniques. Second, IDD-based algorithms are developed using a QP detector. We show how the soft information, in terms of the Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR), can be extracted from the QP detector. Further, the procedure for incorporating the a-priori information that is passed from the channel decoder to the QP detector is developed. Simulation results are presented demonstrating that the use of QP in IDD offers improved performance at the cost of a reasonable increase in complexity compared to linear detectors

Transmit antenna selection for multiple-input multiple-output spatial modulation systems

The benefits of transmit antenna selection (TAS) invoked for spatial modulation (SM) aided multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are investigated. Specifically, we commence with a brief review of the existing TAS algorithms and focus on the recently proposed Euclidean distance-based TAS (ED-TAS) schemes due to their high diversity gain. Then, a pair of novel ED-TAS algorithms, termed as the improved QR decomposition (QRD)-based TAS (QRD-TAS) and the error-vector magnitude-based TAS (EVM-TAS) are proposed, which exhibit an attractive system performance at low complexity. Moreover, the proposed ED-TAS algorithms are amalgamated with the low-complexity yet efficient power allocation (PA) technique, termed as TAS-PA, for the sake of further improving the system's performance. Our simulation results show that the proposed TAS-PA algorithms achieve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gains of up to 9 dB over the conventional TAS algorithms and up to 6 dB over the TAS-PA algorithm designed for spatial multiplexing systems

Reduced complexity detection for massive MIMO-OFDM wireless communication systems

PhD ThesisThe aim of this thesis is to analyze the uplink massive multiple-input multipleoutput with orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) communication systems and to design a receiver that has improved performance with reduced complexity. First, a novel receiver is proposed for coded massive MIMO-OFDM systems utilizing log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) derived from complex ratio distributions to model the approximate effective noise (AEN) probability density function (PDF) at the output of a zero-forcing equalizer (ZFE). These LLRs are subsequently used to improve the performance of the decoding of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and turbo codes. The Neumann large matrix approximation is employed to simplify the matrix inversion in deriving the PDF. To verify the PDF of the AEN, Monte-Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate the close-match fitting between the derived PDF and the experimentally obtained histogram of the noise in addition to the statistical tests and the independence verification. In addition, complexity analysis of the LLR obtained using the newly derived noise PDF is considered. The derived LLR can be time consuming when the number of receive antennas is very large in massive MIMO-OFDM systems. Thus, a reduced complexity approximation is introduced to this LLR using Newton’s interpolation with different orders and the results are compared to exact simulations. Further simulation results over time-flat frequency selective multipath fading channels demonstrated improved performance over equivalent systems using the Gaussian approximation for the PDF of the noise. By utilizing the PDF of the AEN, the PDF of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is obtained. Then, the outage probability, the closed-form capacity and three approximate expressions for the channel capacity are derived based on that PDF. The system performance is further investigated by exploiting the PDF of the AEN to derive the bit error rate (BER) for the massive MIMO-OFDM system with different M-ary modulations. Then, the pairwise error probability (PEP) is derived to obtain the upper-bounds for the convolutionally coded and turbo coded massive MIMO-OFDM systems for different code generators and receive antennas. Furthermore, the effect of the fixed point data representation on the performance of the massive MIMO-OFDM systems is investigated using reduced detection implementations for MIMO detectors. The motivation for the fixed point analysis is the need for a reduced complexity detector to be implemented as an optimum massive MIMO detector with low precision. Different decomposition schemes are used to build the linear detector based on the IEEE 754 standard in addition to a user-defined precision for selected detectors. Simulations are used to demonstrate the behaviour of several matrix inversion schemes under reduced bit resolution. The numerical results demonstrate improved performance when using QR-factorization and pivoted LDLT decomposition schemes at reduced precision.Iraqi Government and the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific researc

System design and validation of multi-band OFDM wireless communications with multiple antennas

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