Hungarian Gyerekestül versus Gyerekkel (‘with [the] kid’)

The paper analyzes the various uses of the Hungarian -stUl (‘together with’, ‘along with’) sociative (associative) suffix (later in the paper referred to simply as “sociative”), as in the example gyerekestül. As opposed to its comitative-instrumental suffix -vAl (‘with’), the - stUl suffix cannot express instrumentality. The paper aims to demonstrate the difference in use between the comitative-instrumental -vAl and the -stUl suffix in contemporary Hungarian, and to illuminate the historical emergence of the suffix as well as its grammatical status. It is argued on the basis of Antal (1960) and Kiefer (2003) that -stUl cannot be analyzed as an inflectional case suffix (such as the -vAl suffix, or -ed, -ing, or the plural in English), but should rather be categorized as a derivational suffix (such as English dis-, re-, in-, -ance, - able, -ish, -like, etc.). The paper also tries to shed light on the hypothetical cognitive psychological distinction between the comitative and the sociative. It is suggested that the sociative is based on the amalgam image schema which is derived from the LINK schema of the comitative. The ironical reading of the sociative is an implicature in the sense of Grice (1989) and Sperber and Wilson (1987). Psycholinguistic experimentation is proposed to follow up on the mental representation of the sociative

Stakeholder Experiences with Conceptual Modeling: An Empirical Investigation

During the design of an information system, a significant task that is sometimes undertaken is conceptual modeling. It involves designers building a representation called a conceptual schema that captures application domain features to be included in the information system. For five reasons, conceptual modeling has become increasingly important: (1) conceptual schemas help clarify different assumptions that stakeholders hold about the domain being modeled; (2) integrating conceptual schemas is critical to organizations effectively re-engineering their business processes; (3) the quality of conceptual schemas affects the quality of database schemas that can be generated automatically; (4) the quality of conceptual schemas affects the usability of databases; and (5) stakeholders working with distributed, heterogeneous databases cannot effectively transcend boundaries without high-quality conceptual schemas. While researchers have expended substantial effort on developing conceptual modeling methodologies, little empirical work has been done on stakeholder experiences with conceptual modeling. The meager results obtained suggest that organizations have found few benefits from conceptual modeling and that often it has fallen into disuse. Laboratory work indicates, however, that improved design outcomes occur when conceptual modeling is undertaken. For two reasons, we expect that stakeholders will experience problems with using conceptual modeling in practice. First, we believe that many designers approach conceptual modeling with a functionalist view of the world. We believe that a social relativist view more accurately describes how stakeholders conceive the world. Second, many conceptual modeling tools provide only incomplete representations of the application domain to be modeled. We are currently undertaking case-study research to document the conceptual modeling practices engaged in by a large public-sector organization. We are also seeking to identify the problems that stakeholders experi- ence when they participate in conceptual modeling exercises. Our goal is to provide a taxonomy of problems that the stakeholders face and ultimately to develop theory to account for why these problems occur

Exchange-Repairs: Managing Inconsistency in Data Exchange

In a data exchange setting with target constraints, it is often the case that a given source instance has no solutions. In such cases, the semantics of target queries trivialize. The aim of this paper is to introduce and explore a new framework that gives meaningful semantics in such cases by using the notion of exchange-repairs. Informally, an exchange-repair of a source instance is another source instance that differs minimally from the first, but has a solution. Exchange-repairs give rise to a natural notion of exchange-repair certain answers (XR-certain answers) for target queries. We show that for schema mappings specified by source-to-target GAV dependencies and target equality-generating dependencies (egds), the XR-certain answers of a target conjunctive query can be rewritten as the consistent answers (in the sense of standard database repairs) of a union of conjunctive queries over the source schema with respect to a set of egds over the source schema, making it possible to use a consistent query-answering system to compute XR-certain answers in data exchange. We then examine the general case of schema mappings specified by source-to-target GLAV constraints, a weakly acyclic set of target tgds and a set of target egds. The main result asserts that, for such settings, the XR-certain answers of conjunctive queries can be rewritten as the certain answers of a union of conjunctive queries with respect to the stable models of a disjunctive logic program over a suitable expansion of the source schema.Comment: 29 pages, 13 figures, submitted to the Journal on Data Semantic

Los complejos conceptuales en la publicidad multimodal

Several scholars have dealt with the workings of metaphor and metonymy in multimodal advertisements (see Forceville, 2009; Uriós-Aparisi, 2009; or Pérez-Sobrino, 2017, among others). Thepresent study investigates conceptual complexity to broaden the set of analytical categories to be used in multimodal analysis by making use of some of the latest developments on conceptual complexes, or principled combinations of cognitive models (e.g., frames, metaphors, metonymies), as discussed in Ruiz de Mendoza (2017, 2021) to a multimodal context. Work on conceptual complexity in Cognitive Linguistics has taken two main directions. One is provided by Blending Theory, which focuses on accounting for the emergence of new structure not present in the contributing conceptual constructs after selected integration. Another direction studies patterns of conceptual interaction with a view to finding regularities that can be formulated as high-level generalizations. We will adopt this second direction. The main aim of the study is to test these analytical categories and principles of knowledge organization in terms of their communicative impact within a multimodal environment. A subsidiary aim is to further develop the theoretical apparatus underlying this initial work. Analysing a corpus of 62 multimodal advertisements, we found that: (i) the nature of a frame determines its function, i.e., matrix frames are receiving frames, which ‘situationalize’ conceptual structure, whereas donor frames play a focal role; (ii) sometimes there is no frame integration but rather internal development within a given frame, which is possible thanks to the incorporation of an external element that is not integrated, but simply facilitates the development of the rame; (iii) there are also cases in which there is frame composition instead of integration; (iv) metonymy proves to be a licensing factor previous to integration, and (v) high-level non-metaphorical correlations can act as cues for the activation of metaphorical frameworks.Varios autores han estudiado el funcionamiento de la metáfora y la metonimia en los anuncios multimodales (véase Forceville, 2009; Uriós-Aparisi, 2009; o Pérez-Sobrino, 2017, entre otros). El presente estudio investiga la complejidad conceptual para ampliar el conjunto de categorías analíticas a utilizar en el análisis multimodal haciendo uso de algunos de los últimos desarrollos sobre complejos conceptuales, o combinaciones de principios de modelos cognitivos (por ejemplo, marcos, metáforas, metonimias) (ver Ruiz de Mendoza, 2017, 2021) a un contexto multimodal. Los trabajos sobre complejidad conceptual en Lingüística Cognitiva han tomado dos direcciones principales. Una es la proporcionada por la Teoría del Blending, que se centra en dar cuenta de la aparición de una nueva estructura no presente en los constructos conceptuales contribuyentes tras la integración seleccionada. Otra dirección estudia los patrones de interacción conceptual con vistas a encontrar regularidades que puedan formularse como generalizaciones de alto nivel. Adoptaremos esta segunda dirección. El objetivo principal del estudio es poner a prueba estas categorías analíticas y principios de organización del conocimiento en términos de su impacto comunicativo dentro de un entorno multimodal. Un objetivo secundario es seguir desarrollando el aparato teórico que subyace a este trabajo inicial. Al analizar un corpus de 62 anuncios multimodales, comprobamos que (i) la naturaleza de un marco determina su función, es decir, los marcos matrices son marcos receptores, que "sitúan" la estructura conceptual, mientras que los marcos donantes desempeñan una función focal; (ii) a veces no hay integración de marcos, sino un desarrollo interno dentro de un marco determinado, que es posible gracias a la incorporación de un elemento externo que no se integra, sino que simplemente facilita el desarrollo del marco;(iii) también hay casos en los que hay composición de marcos en lugar de integración; (iv) la metonimia resulta ser un factor licenciador previo a la integración, y (v) las correlaciones no metafóricas de alto nivel pueden actuar como pistas para la activación de los marcos metafóricos