3,011 research outputs found
The evolutionary state of young protoplanetary disks
Observations of protoplanetary disks have been focused on low-mass, classical T-Tauri stars and on intermediate mass Herbig Ae/Be stars. The observations of the Herbig stars have introduced a bias in the intermediate mass range since they exclude the earlier stages of disk evolution. The heaviest T-Tauri stars, the intermediate mass T-Tauri stars (IMTT stars), with spectral type from F to early K and with masses ≥1.5 M☉, are the younger precursors of the Herbig stars. To get a complete picture of the evolution of protoplanetary disks IMTT stars needs to be studied. Many IMTT stars have already been included in samples of classical T-Tauri stars where they are the most massive stars in the samples. This thesis seeks to remove some of this bias by focusing on the IMTT stars and observations of the disks around them. This thesis presents the research of a sample of 49 identified IMTT stars with infrared access. Their disks are compared with those of the known Herbig Ae/Be stars to examine their evolutionary status. The thesis also presents spatially resolved near-infrared scattered light observations of the IMTT star RY Tau. Using radiative transfer modelling the observations are recreated and features reminiscent of a dusty disk wind is assessed.Finally, it presents near-infrared spatially resolved scattered light observations of 23 optically bright stars in the Orion high mass star forming region. The observations are analysed in context of the stellar parameters, stellar multiplicity and the environment of a high star forming region
With the Participatory Consumer Audience in mind: exploring and developing professional brand identity designers reflexive practice
This PhD reflects upon first-hand unidirectional and passive consumer audience experience approaches prevalent in professional UK brand identity design. It explores: How brand identity designers might move towards an improved reflexive practice in the design of consumer audience experiences. This practice-led research focuses on the ideas generation stage of their design process.
An ongoing constructivist audience paradigm shift signals that when thinking about and using their positionality in relation to their consumer audience experiences, designers need reflexive practice to support critical reflection of themselves, their biases and assumptions. This research uncovered a lack of relevant theory regarding reflexive practice specific to the context of brand identity design. This insufficiency throws into doubt designers' relational, participatory and equitable approaches in their working practices and their abilities to address market imperatives, including client requirements connected to the ongoing audience paradigm shift.
Aligned with John Dewey's ethical pragmatism and drawing from Creswell, Tashakkori and Teddlie, my study adopts a mixed methods methodology. Alongside established qualitative and quantitative methods, this includes my practice via design visualisations, as discussed by Drucker, and builds upon Carl DiSalvo's approach of practice used to do inquiry and design as a method of inquiry. My practice enabled me to critically reflect, evaluate and construct reflexive practice knowledge, including the development of reflexive practice communications, to advance understanding of and improve other designers' reflexive practice, and to communicate my process of reflexive design practice research.
Thirty UK-based professional brand identity designers participated in this research: nineteen participants in Phase One, a questionnaire, and six in Phase Two semi-structured interviews. Phase One and Two findings identified a gap in that designers are not employing a reflexive design practice and lack the resources to do so. Seeking to improve these shortcomings, eighteen initial reflexive design practice principles were explored and tested in Phase Three, a workshop involving five design participants. Results showed that the principles facilitated participants to advance prior thinking and engage in a reflexive design practice.
Further reflections and insights from the same five Phase Three participants uncovered a need to refine and reduce the principles and communicate them in a guide. Eight revised overarching and eighteen sub-principles in a prototype guide were explored in Phase Four in applied practice by three brand identity designers involved in Phase Three. Results corroborated workshop findings and provided further recommendations.
Contributions of this research are three-fold. First, offering an advanced understanding of professional brand identity designers' reflexive practice and process knowledge. Second, it produced a reflexive design guide with eight overarching and eighteen sub-reflexive design principles and corresponding digital app, thereby offering a preliminary new design practice method. This method offers a way to improve designers' thinking about and operation of their relational positionality, participatory consumer audience experience approaches, and reflexive design practice actions. Third, it provides a contribution to knowledge via its methodology, which integrates design visualisation practice into a mixed methods approach
Resource-aware scheduling for 2D/3D multi-/many-core processor-memory systems
This dissertation addresses the complexities of 2D/3D multi-/many-core processor-memory systems, focusing on two key areas: enhancing timing predictability in real-time multi-core processors and optimizing performance within thermal constraints. The integration of an increasing number of transistors into compact chip designs, while boosting computational capacity, presents challenges in resource contention and thermal management. The first part of the thesis improves timing predictability. We enhance shared cache interference analysis for set-associative caches, advancing the calculation of Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET). This development enables accurate assessment of cache interference and the effectiveness of partitioned schedulers in real-world scenarios. We introduce TCPS, a novel task and cache-aware partitioned scheduler that optimizes cache partitioning based on task-specific WCET sensitivity, leading to improved schedulability and predictability. Our research explores various cache and scheduling configurations, providing insights into their performance trade-offs. The second part focuses on thermal management in 2D/3D many-core systems. Recognizing the limitations of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) in S-NUCA many-core processors, we propose synchronous thread migrations as a thermal management strategy. This approach culminates in the HotPotato scheduler, which balances performance and thermal safety. We also introduce 3D-TTP, a transient temperature-aware power budgeting strategy for 3D-stacked systems, reducing the need for Dynamic Thermal Management (DTM) activation. Finally, we present 3QUTM, a novel method for 3D-stacked systems that combines core DVFS and memory bank Low Power Modes with a learning algorithm, optimizing response times within thermal limits. This research contributes significantly to enhancing performance and thermal management in advanced processor-memory systems
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume
LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum
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When is industry ‘sustainable’? The economics of institutional variety in a pandemic
Industrialising economies today are characterised by a multi-level heterogeneity of customs, norms, guidelines, standards, regulations and other laws that provide the broad scaffolding and the technical context for industrial activity. This institutional variety (IV) leads to combinatorial challenges about which institutions are mixed and matched as technologies and sectors evolve. Gaps in evolutionary political economy and evolutionary institutional methods should explain when variety is ‘better’ for industrial development. Two health industry cases, oxygen production and Ayurveda, have come into the pandemic spotlight under high demand and high uncertainty, by patients, state, firms, experts and other stakeholders. Both cases reflect markedly different types of institutional variety with implications for manufacturing and services. A debate of sustainable industrial policies (SIPs) thus requires attention to institutional variety (IV) and a future agenda on healthcare
The Developer's Dilemma
This book explores this developer’s dilemma or ‘Kuznetsian tension’ between structural transformation and income inequality. Developing countries are seeking economic development—that is, structural transformation—which is inclusive in the sense that it is broad-based and raises the income of all, especially the poor. Thus, inclusive economic growth requires steady, or even falling, income inequality if it is to maximize the growth of incomes at the lower end of the distribution. Yet, this is at odds with Simon Kuznets hypothesis that economic development tends to put upward pressure on income inequality, at least initially and in the absence of countervailing policies. The book asks: what are the types or ‘varieties’ of structural transformation that have been experienced in developing countries? What inequality dynamics are associated with each variety of structural transformation? And what policies have been utilized to manage trade-offs between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth? The book answers these questions using a comparative case study approach, contrasting nine developing countries while employing a common analytical framework and a set of common datasets across the case studies. The intended intellectual contribution of the book is to provide a comparative analysis of the relationship between structural transformation, income inequality, and inclusive growth; to do so empirically at a regional and national level; and to draw conclusions from the cases on the varieties of structural transformation, their inequality dynamics, and the policies that have been employed to mediate the developer’s dilemma
Recessionary Woes: Examining Economic Policies and Their Impact on Student Loan Debt and Housing Stability in the United States
Recessionary periods can seldom be avoided, but our modern public infrastructure has designed mechanisms to respond to these downturns. Economic policy has rapidly changed over the last 50 years, and the types of tools policymakers use have evolved with it. When looking at the Great Recession (2007-2009) and the COVID-19 recession (2020), a federal response structure was vital for the health of the macroeconomy. These recessionary periods serve as case studies for a review of economic policymaking activity in the United States since 2000. To examine the efficacy of the federal government’s fiscal and monetary infrastructure, policies focused on supporting student loan borrowers along with policies aimed at homeowners and renters have been identified and reviewed. Government policies supporting student loan borrowers after the Great Recession expired too soon following their implementation. This front-loaded support only worsened the economic position of borrowers during the 2010s. A more thorough policy response during the pandemic has provided relief to student loan borrowers for the duration of the crisis. The housing sector suffered considerably in both recessions. The policy response to the pandemic was considerably well-tailored to meet the needs of homeowners but was less successful in meeting the needs of renters. Still, most households had a more difficult time after the Great Recession because policies were not sufficiently implemented to disburse stimulus in the appropriate timeframe. Policymakers actively avoid missteps from the Great Recession response, enhancing the overall policy results of fiscal and monetary measures enacted during the pandemic
China-US Competition
This open access edited book brings together a closer examination of European and Asian responses to the escalating rivalry between the US and China. As the new Cold War has surfaced as a perceivable reality in the post-COVID era, the topic itself is of great importance to policymakers, academic researchers, and the interested public. Furthermore, this manuscript makes a valuable contribution to an under-studied and increasingly important phenomenon in international relations: the impact of the growing strategic competition between the United States and China on third parties, such as small and middle powers in the two arguably most affected regions of the world: Europe and East Asia. The European side has been under-studied and explicitly comparative work on Europe and East Asia is extremely rare. Given that the manuscript focuses heavily on recent developments—and because many of these developments have been quite dramatic—there are very few publications that cover the same topics
Floating Creativity: Writing Cultural Identity in Postwar Hong Kong (the 1950s-1970s)
The post-war period (the 1950s–1970s) is a good starting point to explore how questions of home
and belonging were discussed in Hong Kong society, as it was marked by a massive influx of
mainland Chinese migrants into the British colony. During this time, many writers focused on issues
of diasporic experiences, migrant life, changing boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘other’, and the radical
reorganisation of community and collective culture. This thesis asks whether there was a formative
relationship between the writers of this period and these larger concerns about home and belonging.
This thesis does not seek to provide a direct answer to the question of defining Hong Kong literature
and Hong Kong’s cultural identities. Instead, it attempts to present a more-than-textual perspective of
knowledge production, recognising that the concrete agency of institutions and the creative force of
culture played important roles in defining new lifestyles and mindsets within the post-war geopolitical
process. Drawing on key concepts and methodologies from Cultural Studies, it identifies the cultural and political engagements of creativity which are not typically placed within the work of literary
studies. The authors studied here are not only referred to in terms of their literary work, but also their
cultural and political engagements. The inter-relation between authorship and discourse is based on
Michel Foucault’s argument on author function: that authors are not only the creators of the
discourse, but are also shaped by the discourse they produce. The author is both the producer and
the product of discourse. Thus, this thesis examines the dynamic relationship between authorship
and discourse in the rapidly transforming Hong Kong society during the 1950s, ’60s, and ’70s. It
argues that authors’ unique perspectives, experiences, and beliefs are reflected in the discourse they
create, and this in turn, that discourse can influence their own perspectives, experiences, and beliefs
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