7,746 research outputs found
Bootstrap methods for the empirical study of decision-making and information flows in social systems
Abstract: We characterize the statistical bootstrap for the estimation of information theoretic quantities from data, with particular reference to its use in the study of large-scale social phenomena. Our methods allow one to preserve, approximately, the underlying axiomatic relationships of information theoryâin particular, consistency under arbitrary coarse-grainingâthat motivate use of these quantities in the first place, while providing reliability comparable to the state of the art for Bayesian estimators. We show how information-theoretic quantities allow for rigorous empirical study of the decision-making capacities of rational agents, and the time-asymmetric flows of information in distributed systems. We provide illustrative examples by reference to ongoing collaborative work on the semantic structure of the British Criminal Court system and the conflict dynamics of the contemporary Afghanistan insurgency
The T2K Side Muon Range Detector
The T2K experiment is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment aiming
to observe the appearance of {\nu} e in a {\nu}{\mu} beam. The {\nu}{\mu} beam
is produced at the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), observed
with the 295 km distant Super- Kamiokande Detector and monitored by a suite of
near detectors at 280m from the proton target. The near detectors include a
magnetized off-axis detector (ND280) which measures the un-oscillated neutrino
flux and neutrino cross sections. The present paper describes the outermost
component of ND280 which is a side muon range detector (SMRD) composed of
scintillation counters with embedded wavelength shifting fibers and Multi-Pixel
Photon Counter read-out. The components, performance and response of the SMRD
are presented.Comment: 13 pages, 19 figures v2: fixed several typos; fixed reference
- âŠ