Initial synchronisation of wideband and UWB direct sequence systems: single- and multiple-antenna aided solutions

This survey guides the reader through the open literature on the principle of initial synchronisation in single-antenna-assisted single- and multi-carrier Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) as well as Direct Sequence-Ultra WideBand (DS-UWB) systems, with special emphasis on the DownLink (DL). There is a paucity of up-to-date surveys and review articles on initial synchronization solutions for MIMO-aided and cooperative systems - even though there is a plethora of papers on both MIMOs and on cooperative systems, which assume perfect synchronization. Hence this paper aims to ?ll the related gap in the literature

Synchronisation Issues in Non-coherent MIMO Systems

In this article, we identify some of the key problems that may be encountered when designing Non-Coherent (NC) Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) DownLink (DL) synchronisation schemes for communicating over multi-path fading channels. Our main objectives are to illustrate the information theoretic features and to provide design guidelines for the initial synchronisation of NC MIMO systems. We conclude by outlining the relationships between the beneficial and detrimental design factors

Resource allocation for multicarrier CDMA systems in ultra-wideband communications

International audienceUltra-wideband (UWB) is a fast emerging technology that has attracted considerable interest in short range, high data rate wireless personal area networks (WPAN) applications. One of the main candidates for WPAN standardization is the multiband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB-OFDM), supported by the Multiband OFDM Alliance (MBOA). In this paper, we propose a new low-complexity resource allocation algorithm applied to a spread spectrum multicarrier multiple-access (SS-MC-MA) waveform, which is new for high data rate UWB applications. The proposed scheme aims at maximizing the system's throughput while taking into consideration the WPAN environment and respecting the OFDM parameters of the MBOA solution. The adaptive allocation algorithm applied to OFDM and SS-MC-MA leads to roughly double the throughput compared to the MBOA solution at low attenuation levels. Furthermore, at high attenuation levels, SS-MC-MA outperforms the adaptive OFDM. Hence, we conclude that the proposed adaptive SS-MC-MA can especially be advantageously exploited for high attenuation UWB applications

Multi-User Multi-Carrier Differential Chaos Shift Keying Communication System

In this paper, a multi user Multi-Carrier Differential Chaos Shift Keying (MC-DCSK) modulation is presented. The system endeavors to provide a good trade-off between robustness, energy efficiency and high data rate, while still being simple. In this architecture of MC-DCSK system, for each user, chaotic reference sequence is transmitted over a predefined subcarrier frequency. Multiple modulated data streams are transmitted over the remaining subcarriers allocated for each user. This transmitter structure saves energy and increases the spectral efficiency of the conventional DCSK system.Comment: Accepted in the IEEE International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC 2013

Adaptive Space-Time-Spreading-Assisted Wideband CDMA Systems Communicating over Dispersive Nakagami-m Fading Channels

In this contribution, the performance of wideband code-division multiple-access (W-CDMA) systems using space-timespreading-(STS-) based transmit diversity is investigated, when frequency-selective Nakagami-m fading channels, multiuser interference, and background noise are considered. The analysis and numerical results suggest that the achievable diversity order is the product of the frequency-selective diversity order and the transmit diversity order. Furthermore, both the transmit diversity and the frequency-selective diversity have the same order of importance. Since W-CDMA signals are subjected to frequency-selective fading, the number of resolvable paths at the receiver may vary over a wide range depending on the transmission environment encountered. It can be shown that, for wireless channels where the frequency selectivity is sufficiently high, transmit diversity may be not necessitated. Under this case, multiple transmission antennas can be leveraged into an increased bitrate. Therefore, an adaptive STS-based transmission scheme is then proposed for improving the throughput ofW-CDMA systems. Our numerical results demonstrate that this adaptive STS-based transmission scheme is capable of significantly improving the effective throughput of W-CDMA systems. Specifically, the studied W-CDMA system’s bitrate can be increased by a factor of three at the modest cost of requiring an extra 0.4 dB or 1.2 dB transmitted power in the context of the investigated urban or suburban areas, respectively

Combination of OFDM and CDMA for high data rate UWB

For Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) systems, resource allocation between several users within a piconet and the coexistence of several piconets are very important points to take into consideration for the optimization of high data rate Ultra Wide Band (UWB) systems. To improve the performance of the Multi-Band OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) solution proposed by the Multi-Band OFDM Alliance (MBOA), the addition of a spreading component in the frequency domain is a good solution since it makes resource allocation easier and also offers better robustness against channel frequency selectivity and narrowband interference. The Spread Spectrum - Multi-Carrier - Multiple Access (SS-MC-MA) system proposed in this article offers not only the advantages of Multi-Carrier - Coded Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) brought by frequency spreading, but also a more effective dynamic resource allocation in a multi-user and multi-piconet context. These improvements are obtained without increasing the complexity of the radio-frequency part compared to the classical MBOA solution

Time-Hopping Multicarrier Code-Division Multiple-Access

A time-hopping multicarrier code-division multiple-access (TH/MC-CDMA) scheme is proposed and investigated. In the proposed TH/MC-CDMA each information symbol is transmitted by a number of time-domain pulses with each time-domain pulse modulating a subcarrier. The transmitted information at the receiver is extracted from one of the, say $M$, possible time-slot positions, i.e., assuming that $M$-ary pulse position modulation is employed. Specifically, in this contribution we concentrate on the scenarios such as system design, power spectral density (PSD) and single-user based signal detection. The error performance of the TH/MC-CDMA system is investigated, when each subcarrier signal experiences flat Nakagami-$m$ fading in addition to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). According to our analysis and results, it can be shown that the TH/MC-CDMA signal is capable of providing a near ideal PSD, which is flat over the system bandwidth available, while decreases rapidly beyond that bandwidth. Explicitly, signals having this type of PSD is beneficial to both broadband and ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) communications. Furthermore, our results show that, when optimum user address codes are employed, the single-user detector considered is near-far resistant, provided that the number of users supported by the system is lower than the number of subcarriers used for conveying an information symbol

A General Framework for Analyzing, Characterizing, and Implementing Spectrally Modulated, Spectrally Encoded Signals

Fourth generation (4G) communications will support many capabilities while providing universal, high speed access. One potential enabler for these capabilities is software defined radio (SDR). When controlled by cognitive radio (CR) principles, the required waveform diversity is achieved via a synergistic union called CR-based SDR. Research is rapidly progressing in SDR hardware and software venues, but current CR-based SDR research lacks the theoretical foundation and analytic framework to permit efficient implementation. This limitation is addressed here by introducing a general framework for analyzing, characterizing, and implementing spectrally modulated, spectrally encoded (SMSE) signals within CR-based SDR architectures. Given orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a 4G candidate signal, OFDM-based signals are collectively classified as SMSE since modulation and encoding are spectrally applied. The proposed framework provides analytic commonality and unification of SMSE signals. Applicability is first shown for candidate 4G signals, and resultant analytic expressions agree with published results. Implementability is then demonstrated in multiple coexistence scenarios via modeling and simulation to reinforce practical utility

Combinaison des techniques OFDM et CDMA pour l'UWB haut débit

National audiencePour les systèmes WPAN, la gestion des ressources entre plusieurs utilisateurs d'une même picocellule ainsi que la co-existence de plusieurs picocellules sont des points importants à prendre en compte lors de l'optimisation d'un système UWB haut débit. Afin d'améliorer les performances de la solution multi band OFDM proposée par l'alliance MBOA, l'ajout d'une composante d'étalement selon l'axe fréquentiel s'avère une bonne solution pour faciliter la gestion des ressources, qui offre en outre une meilleure robustesse vis-à-vis de la sélectivité en fréquence du canal et des interférences à bande étroite. Le système SS-MC-MA que nous proposons, bénéficie non seulement des avantages du MC-CDMA apportés par l'étalement fréquentiel mais permet égalament une allocation dynamique des ressources plus efficace dans un contexte multi-utilisateurs et multi-picocellules. Ces améliorations peuvent être obtenues, sans augmenter la complexité du segment radio-fréquence par rapport à la solution MBOA